
Book l r\ % 




/ 

D. JUNII JUVENALIS 
SATIRE: 

WITH A 

LINEAR VERBAL TRANSLATION 

ACCOMPANYING THE TEXT; 

A DISSERTATION ON THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF JUVENAL ; 

A TREATISE ON LATIN VERSIFICATION J 
AND 

AN INDEX, 

HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, EXPLANATORY, AND REFERENTIAL. 



By P. AUSTIN NUTTALL, LL.D. 

TRANSLATOR OF HORACE AND VIRGIL. * 



A NEW EDITION, 

CRITICALLY REVISED, IMPROVED, AND LINEARLY ARRANGED, 
FROM THE ORIGINAL VERSION OF 

THE REV. JOHN STIRLING, D.D. 




LONDON : 

PRINTED FOR THE EDITOR BY 

NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 

AND SOLD BY 

LONGMAN AND CO. PATERNOSTER ROW ; WHITTAKER AND CO. 

AVE MARIA LANE ; AND SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, 

STATIONERS' HALL COURT. 

1836. 



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ADVERTISEMENT. 



In 1825, an edition of Juvenal's Satires, with an 
ordo and interlinear translation, founded on the Rev. Dr. 
Stirling's version, was presented to the Public. This 
having been long out of print, the Editor has under- 
dertaken its re-publication, though in a form somewhat 
different. The ordo, which interlinearly accompanied 
the translation, has here been omitted, — partly in defer- 
ence to the opinions of some scholastic friends, but 
more especially because objections have been made 
against the interlinear system being applied to so free 
and majestic a writer as Juvenal. A plan, however, 
that possesses some claim to novelty, has been adopted, 
which, it is believed, will remove every reasonable 
objection, and answer all the purposes of an interlinear 
version, without its unsightliness. With much diffi- 
culty and labour the English translation has been so 
arranged, as generally to correspond, verbatim et linea- 
tim, with the original text, as nearly as the idioms of 
the two languages would possibly permit. Thus the 
exact sense of the original can be obtained at a glimpse ; 
and by those possessing the least grammatical know- 
ledge of the Latin language, the verbal construction 
may be instantly discovered. 

To effect the above important object, the entire 
translation of the former edition has been remodelled ; 
and the order of the sentences, in adapting them to 
that of the Latin, had often to be completely changed. 
Thus the old pedagoguish method of ' picking out ' the 
nominative case, the verb, &c. has been entirely dis- 
regarded. It will, however, be found that a simple 
adherence to the order of the original often produces a 

a2 



IV ADVERTISEMENT. 

much more euphonic and effective translation, thar. 
if the sentences were construed according to the com- 
mon prose idiom of the English language. 

In addition to the verbal transpositions necessary 
for the linear arrangement, the Editor has critically 
revised, and almost re-written, the whole of the transla- 
tion, — Stirling having entirely misunderstood some im- 
portant passages, and translated many others either 
obscurely or inelegantly. Thus it will be found that, 
although his name is here conjoined with the Editors, 
few traces of the original version now remain. 

There is also one especial advantage to be noticed, 
attending the present linear arrangement, which is, 
that by superseding the Latin ordo, the Editor has 
been enabled to compress the volume into such a size 
as to reduce the price to nearly one half of the previ- 
ous edition; and in the larger octavo volume, which 
has been brought out uniform in size and price with its 
predecessor, this plan has enabled him to print the 
entire of GifFord's splendid poetical translation, with 
notes, on the opposite corresponding pages. 

As a necessary introduction, the Editor has given a 
general sketch of the Life and Writings of Juve- 
nal, with a brief exposition of each Satire ; and, what 
may be considered a useful novelty, he has headed the 
Satires throughout with lines explanatory of their 
respective subjects, which, by means of the annexed 
summary of Contents, will greatly facilitate immediate 
reference to the various matters on which Juvenal has 
written. — The Dissertation on Juvenal's writings is 
followed by a brief Treatise on Latin Versification, in 
which the use of the long prosodical quantity, intended 
to denote the principal ccesural syllable of each verse, 
is fully explained. 



CONTENTS. 



Dissertation on the Life and Writings of Juvenal ; 

with an Exposition of each Satire, and a selection of pag a 

Moral Axioms, from the original text vii 

Treatise on Latin Versification xxv 

Satire I. Reasons for Writing Satire a 1 

II. On Hypocrite Philosophers and Reformers .... 9 

III. On the Vices and Inconveniences of Rome .... 1 7 

IV. Crispinus and Domitian , 32 

V. To Trebius, on Parasites . . . . . 40 

VI. To Ursidius Posthumus, on Women 48 

VII. To Telesinus, on the neglect of Learning and 

the Arts 79 

VIII. To Ponticus, on True Nobility 91 

IX. Juvenal and Neevolus 104 

X. On the Vanity of Human Wishes Ill 

XI. To Persicus, on the Luxury of Rome 128 

XII. To Corvinus, on the Escape of Catullus from 

Shipwreck, and on Legacy-hunters 138 

XIII. To Calvinus, on the crime of Violated Faith . . 145 

Juv. a 3 



VI 



CONTENTS. 



Pa^> 



Satire XIV. To Fuscinus, on the Examples of Parents . . 157 

XV. To Volnsius Bithynicus, on the Superstition 

of the Egyptians 1 73 

XVI To Gallus, on the Privileges of the Military 182 



Index, Biographical, Historical, and Explanatory ; with 
references to the Satire and verse where each name 
occurs in the original Latin 185 




ON THE 



LIFE, GENIUS, AND WRITINGS 

OF 

JUVENAL. 



Decimus Junius Juvexalis, the author of the fol- 
lowing Satires, was born at Aquinum, a town belong- 
ing to the ancient Volsci, about the beginning of the 
reign of the Emperor Claudius ; although it is uncertain 
whether he was the son or the adopted child of an opu- 
lent individual who had been emancipated from the 
condition of a slave. From the period of his birth to 
the age of forty, nothing further is known of him, than 
that his education was learned and liberal, and that he 
applied himself to the study of eloquence and declama- 
tion, according to the custom of the higher classes of 
Rome. He studied first under Fronto the gramma- 
rian, and afterwards, as it is generally conjectured, 
under Quintilian. He distinguished himself by his 
eloquence at the bar, and improved his fortune and 
interest at Rome long before he dedicated his leisure 
and abilities to the Muses. We also learn that, besides 
his acquaintance with Umbritius, a celebrated sooth- 
sayer, he enjoyed the friendship of Martial, who ad- 
dressed three epigrams to him. 

It is said that Juvenal recited his first essay in poetry 
to an audience of his friends, when he was about forty. 
Being encouraged by their applause he made many 



Vlll LIFE AND WRITINGS 

additions to it, and produced what is now called his 
Seventh Satire. Paris, a pantomime player, and a fa- 
vourite of Domitian, informed of the part he bore in it, 
complained to the Emperor, who sent the author, by an 
easy kind of punishment, into Egypt, with a military 
command. During his stay in Egypt, he collected the 
materials for his Satire on the superstitious and religious 
animosities of the people of that country. This punish- 
ment had no other effect on Juvenal's mind than that 
of increasing his hatred of tyranny, and turning his 
indignation upon the Emperor himself, who became the 
object of his severest reprobation. Thus the crimes of 
Domitian, under whom every trace of ancient man- 
ners was obliterated, and law openly trampled upon, 
form the subject of many a melancholy page in his 
writings. 

After the death of Domitian, Juvenal returned to 
Rome, and profited so far by his danger or his punish- 
ment as to recite no more in public. But though he 
aid not choose to commit his safety to a promiscuous 
audience, he appears to have made no secret of his 
powers of invective. The first Satire that he wrote, 
after his return, seems to have been the Fourth, About 
this period, too, he probably thought of revising and 
publishing those he had already written, and composed 
that introductory piece which now stands at the head 
of his Works. As the order is every where broken, it 
is impossible to arrange them chronologically : but it 
appears that the Eleventh closed his poetical career. 

Juvenal terminated a distinguished and honourable 
life under the pressure of extreme age. He may be justly 
called the last of the Roman poets ; for, after him, the 
Latin muse appears to have decayed ; and nothing more 
claims our attention as a perfect poetical composition. 



OF JUVENAL. IX 

Little is known of Juvenal's circumstances; but 
happily that little is authentic, as it is given on his 
own authority. The patrimony which his father left 
him he never diminished, and probably never increased. 
It appears to have equalled all his wants and his wishes. 
On one occasion, indeed, he regrets the narrowness of 
his fortune ; but it is because he cannot afford a more 
costly sacrifice to express his gratitude for the preser- 
vation of his friend. 

There is no mention made that he was ever mar- 
ried; and when we consider that the longest, the 
most powerful, and the most complete of all his Satires 
was directed against the female sex, it is not probable 
that he thought very highly of the matrimonial state. 

We are left almost in the dark Avith respect to Juve- 
nal's moral character, his habits, and his manner of 
life ; but, from the tenor of his writings, he seems to 
have been a formidable enemy to vice, and a steady 
friend to virtue. He has indeed been accused of grati- 
fying, in many of his descriptions, the pruriency of Jjjs 
own fancy ; but the horror which he uniformly testifies 
at the disorders which he describes, will always con- 
vince the virtuous that his warmth proceeds, not from 
the passion of voluptuousness, but from the fire of 
indignation and genius. Are the wicked entitled to 
escape infamy through the excess of their guilt? is 
their baseness to be concealed from posterity, because 
they carried it to an immeasurable height? This 
would be too much to concede to characters who 
in every age deserve to be held up to infamy ; or to 
hypocrites, who seek to indemnify themselves by ques- 
tioning that purity of heart to which they have no 
claim. If his religion be a subject for our curiosity, 

a 5 



X LIFE AND WRITINGS 

we may remark that inconstancy of opinion which is 
so frequent among the ancients. At one moment, 
nothing can be more pious than his faith, or more 
philosophical than his submission : the next, wisdom 
alone suffices, and prudence usurps the thrones of all 
the gods. He only once mentions the punishment of 
the wicked in another life, and then contemptuously. 
Yet he might venerate the Supreme Being, though he 
laughed at the polytheism of his fellow-citizens. 

Juvenal's political sentiments were those of a repub- 
lican, reluctantly bending under the existing govern- 
ment. He was the sworn enemy of tyranny, and the 
friend of a mild and equitable monarchy, rather through 
necessity than inclination. This love of liberty, this 
loftiness of mind, distinguishes him from all the poets 
who lived after the establishment of the monarchy. 
Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Lucan, Martial, Statius, Valerius 
Flaccus, all sing the ruin of their country, and the 
triumph of its oppressors. The vices of a Nero and a 
Domitian are commemorated in as lofty notes of praise, 
as the virtues of Augustus and Vespasian. Juvenal 
alone never prostitutes his muse. In his works, Ihere 
is but one example of praise bestowed on the Emperor ; 
a praise expressed with the greatest simplicity, and 
included in a single verse ; from which we may infer 
that Domitian, at the commencement of his reign, 
professed to encourage literary pursuits, though his 
intentions were soon renounced. 

The writings of Juvenal consist of sixteen Satires, 
which have justly excited the admiration of the learned 
in all ages. Many prefer them to the morals of Aris- 
totle, and some pronounce them equal to those of 
Seneca and Epictetus. The characteristics of their 



OF JUVENAL. XI 

Author were vehemence, loftiness, and freedom. His 
great aim was to alarm the vicious, and, if possible, to 
exterminate vice. To accomplish this, he disdained to 
wield the feeble weapon of ridicule. He struck^ with- 
out distinction^ all who deviated from the course of 
nature, or the paths of honour. He combated not for 
conquest, but for extirpation. With the sudden dexte- 
rity of a warrior accustomed to victory, he closed upon 
the objects of his attack, trampled upon them, and cut 
them to pieces. He stood like a priest at the altar. 
He heard the groans, and searched into the entrails, of 
his victims. The licentious period in which he wrote, 
supplied incessant exercise for a mind glowing with 
every sentiment of hostility to tyranny, hypocrisy, and 
lust. His fellow-citizens were enervated by luxury ; 
their hearts were hardened by the institutions of domes- 
tic slavery and the amphitheatre ; their sentiments were 
debased by the despotism and example of the Empe- 
rors ; and every characteristic and manly principle sub- 
verted by the mixture and confusion of nations in one 
great city. In surveying this mass of guilt and wicked- 
ness he perceived that iniquity had acquired a kind of 
legal establishment, and that the laws of Nature were 
violated or despised. Every feature of depravity and 
villany started from the canvass, and he painted them 
with a pencil grave, intrepid, impetuous, and impla- 
cable. If at any time he relaxed the sternness of his 
manner, he never forgot himself. He smiled indeed, 
but his smile was more terrible than his frown. It was 
never excited but when his indignation was mingled 
with contempt. Like the deity, in his Fifteenth Satire^ 
he saw that the earth produced only weak and wicked 
men; and, like him, he derided while he loathed them. 



Xll LIFE AND WRITINGS 

To give a mere outline of Juvenal* s Works, which 
contain so many sublime sentiments, so many ethical 
reflections, and so perfect a body of useful philosophy, 
would far exceed our limits. The following brief expo- 
sition^ however, of each Satire, may be useful. 

The First Satire may be considered as the ground- 
work of the whole ; and was probably drawn up as an 
introduction, after Juvenal had determined to collect 
and publish his poems. He begins by giving his reasons 
for writing Satire. He then exposes the corruption 
and profligacy of both sexes, the luxury of courtiers, 
and the baseness of informers and fortune-hunters. 
He next lays open the treachery of guardians, and the 
peculation of officers of state. Kindling with his 
theme, he censures the general avidity for gaming, the 
avarice and gluttony of the rich, and the miserable 
state of poverty and subjection in which they kept 
their dependants. Finally, he makes some bitter re- 
flections on the danger of satirizing living villany. 

In the Second Satire, the Poet unmasks those pre- 
tended Philosophers who censured lewd crimes, while 
they themselves were defiled by the most odious obsce- 
nities. He introduces Laronia, who makes a beautiful 
apostrophe to those hypocrites, and not only defeats, in 
advance, several of the heaviest charges brought against 
the women in his Sixth Satire, but retorts them with 
powerful effect upon the men. From this topic he 
passes to the effeminacy of judges, the turpitude of 
priests, and the infamy of the nobility. He then re- 
cords the general disbelief that prevailed concerning a 
future state : 



OF JUVENAL. Xlll 

That angry Justice forni'd a dreadful hell, 
That ghosts in subterraneous regions dwell, 
That hateful Styx his sable current rolls, 
And Charon ferries o'er unbodied souls, 
Are now as tales or idle fables prized, 
By children question'd, and by men despised. 

The Third Satire enters on the Vices and Incon- 
veniences of Rome, and is written with singular feli- 
city and judgment. Dr. Johnson's 6 London/ is a 
beautiful paraphrastic imitation of this Satire. The 
manner in which Juvenal conducts his friend out of 
the city is calculated to raise every tender emotion of 
the heart. The honest Umbritius stops in the wood of 
JSgeria,, (a sacred monument of the primitive Romans,, 
but then inhabited by wretched Jews.) to complain to 
Numa of the Luxury of foreign manners, which had 
overflowed a nation whom he had instructed in laws 
and religion The meanness of the Romans, opposed 
to the address and sycophancy of the Greeks, who 
made themselves slaves to become masters, forms a 
striking contrast. After this delightful picture, he 
enumerates the inconveniences and disorders incident 
to a city life, and adverts to the peculiar sufferings 
of the poorer citizens. These he illustrates by several 
examples, and winds up the whole in a strain of singu- 
lar pathos and beauty. 

In the Fourth Satire, Juvenal exposes the enor- 
mities, the gluttony, and the extravagance of Crispinus ; 
and takes occasion from thence to introduce the Empe- 
ror. The council of Domitian is. perhaps, the most 
striking passage of satire to be met with in any ancient 
author. This subject perfectly suited our Poet's genius. 
That seriousness of indignation, and that energy of 



XIV LIFE AND WRITINGS 

expression of which he is sometimes too lavish, are 
here in their proper place ; and they forcibly impress 
on the reader's mind that detestation for the tyrant, 
and contempt for the Romans, which both so richly 
merited. Unfortunately, this piece is left unfinished. 
After having described the principal counsellors with 
the pen of Sallust, the very moment they ought to 
begin their deliberation, the principal personage disap- 
pears, the Poetfs fire extinguishes, and the end of the 
piece is mangled. 

The Fifth Satire shews how gross were the man- 
ners of the Romans amidst all their luxury. Under pre- 
tence of advising one Trebius to abstain from the table 
of Virro, a man of rank and fortune, Juvenal takes 
occasion to give a spirited detail of the mortifications 
the poor clients experienced at those entertainments 
to which, on account of the political connexion existing 
between patrons and clients, it was sometimes thought 
necessary to invite them. A strain of manly indigna- 
tion pervades the whole piece ; and there is scarcely a 
single trait of insult and indignity here mentioned, which 
is not to be found animadverted upon, with more or less 
severity, in the writers of that age. 

The Sixth Satire is wholly directed against the 
Female Sex, and is the source of all the invectives that 
have for seventeen centuries been accumulating against 
them. According to Juvenal, all women are guilty, 
and guilty of the most enormous crimes : a Clytem- 
nestra might be found in every street. Yet, amidst 
all their corruption and profligacy, it cannot be denied 
that there remained among them many vestiges of the 



OF JUVENAL. XV 

ancient virtues ; and women, as well as men, worthy of 
living in a better age. If we consult Pliny's Epistles, 
a contemporary monument, we shall find, in the circle 
of that amiable Roman, humanity, morals, and the love 
of talents and merit. Some satirists reason with good 
humour, and correct in the language of benevolence ; 
but Juvenal never allows himself to blend cheerfulness 
with reproof. He declares open war against his spe- 
cies, and is wholly regardless of their friendship. 

In the Seventh Satire, Juvenal describes, with 
his ordinary spirit, the poverty and contempt attending 
the men of letters of his time. When imperial des- 
potism and patrician luxury prevailed, it could scarcely 
be expected that the rewards due to intellectual worth 
would be bestowed. The golden age of literature had 
passed away with Augustus ; and a race of tyrants, 
with their cringing minions, had succeeded, whose 
object was rather to paralyze than promote the exer- 
tions of genius. Yet it is evident that in Juvenal's 
time there were many literary pretenders, who, like 
those of the present day, attributed their poverty 
rather to public neglect, or the tasteless spirit of the 
age, than to the worthlessness of their own produc- 
tions : 

tenet insanabile multos 

Scribendi cacoethes, et segro in corde senescit. 

It is supposed that this Satire was written in the 
early part of Domitian's reign, though there have been 
many disputes among the learned concerning the Ceesar 
who is here styled the " sole patron of the arts/' Lubin 
and Grsevius understand it of Domitian, who certainly 
patronised the arts at his accession. Quintilian, Statius, 



XVI LIFE AND WRITINGS 

Valerius Flaccus, Martial, &c. experienced his bounty, 
and sang his praises with more gratitude, perhaps, than 
truth. In giving one line of praise to Domitian, Juve- 
nal probably meant to stimulate him to extend his 
patronage ; but on finding his predictions falsified, and 
his " sole patron of literature " changed, in a few years, 
into a ferocious and sanguinary persecutor of all the 
arts, it might have exasperated his resentment, and pro- 
duced that hatred with which he pursues his memory. 

In the Eighth Satire, the author speaks, with a 
most serious and impressive air, on the subject of True 
Nobility. It is humiliating for mankind, that they 
must be taught, almost in all countries, that they are 
more respectable for their own virtues than for those 
of their ancestors. Nature draws an indelible dis- 
tinction between those to whom she has given talents, 
and those from whom she has withheld them. The 
subordination of citizens to their magistrates is founded 
on fear and reason ; but the principle, that originally 
established the distinction of noble and plebeian, may 
be found in great and honourable actions. The state 
of debasement, however, into which the descendants 
of the first families of Rome had voluntarily sunk, 
supplied abundant scope for severity. 

The ridicule of the Ninth Satire appears to arise 
from the character of Nsevolus, a miserable wretch, 
whose principles are so much debased by his manner 
of life, that he has lost all sense of its infamy, and 
relates his services with the same air of indifference as 
a soldier would describe his campaigns. This gravity, 
which the reader perceives to be so much out of place. 



OF JUVENAL. XVll 

and which Nsevolus does not, produces, perhaps, the 
whole humour of the piece. 

In the Tenth Satire, the writer treats of a subject 
worthy of himself, the Vanity of Human Wishes, — a 
misfortune consistent with the greatest virtues, and inti- 
mately connected with the most natural sentiments of 
the heart. The poet every where employs a refined 
and accurate philosophy, founded on the strictest prin- 
ciples of moral science. His genius rises with his sub- 
ject : he shews the nothingness of false grandeur, and 
weighs, with the sublime indifference of a superior 
being, the virtues, talents, and destiny of the greatest 
men. He here neglects, and seems even to disdain, 
the beauty of versification, and that sweet and charming 
harmony of which he was so great a master. His style, 
precise, energetic, lofty, and enriched with images, 
flows in a rougher stream than in his other pieces. 
Taking experience for his guide, his reasonings are 
mixed with examples, of which the greater part are 
chosen with exquisite judgment. That of Sejanus is a 
master-piece : never was any elevation more extraor- 
dinary than his, nor any fall more dreadful. The 
levity of the people, who were in haste to break his 
statue, which they had just worshipped, is a finished 
picture of popular inconstancy. The following effusion, 
which occurs at the close of this splendid composition, 
is replete with the purest precepts of morality and 
religion : 

Thy pious offerings to the temple bear, 
And, while the altars blaze, be this thy prayer : 
O Thou, who know'st the wants of human kind, 
Vouchsafe me health of body, health of mind ; 
A soul prepared to meet the frowns of fate, 
And look undaunted on a future state ; 



XV111 LIFE AND WRITINGS 

That reckons death a blessing, yet can bear 
Existence nobly, with its weight of care ; 
That anger and desire alike restrains, 
And counts Alcides' toils and cruel pains 
Superior far to banquets, wanton nights, 
And all Sardanapalus' soft delights ! 

In the Eleventh Satire, Juvenal takes an oppor- 
tunity, in inviting his friend to supper, to contrast, 
with much sprightliness, the extravagant luxury of his 
contemporaries with the simple and coarse fare of 
ancient dictators. He makes us clearly perceive, with- 
out formally expressing it, how universal, and almost 
necessary, the elegance of the table was become in his 
time; since a poor philosopher like himself prepared 
for his friend a supper, very inferior indeed to the 
feasts of Ventidius, but far superior to those of Curius. 
This entertainment was to be graced by simplicity, 
neatness, and decent amusements only. Though Juve- 
nal possessed justness of understanding, and honesty 
of heart, his character was deficient in point of sweet- 
ness and sensibility. He has neglected an opportunity 
of expressing those sentiments, which one friend, when 
he feels them, is always ready to pour into the bosom 
of another. The free and philosophical conversation, 
which the confidence of friendship inspires and war- 
rants, is but ill supplied at his supper by the read- 
ing of Homer. Juvenal's heart and fancy were both 
ardent ; but their warmth exhausted itself in passions 
strong, dark, and elevated, — not in affections which are 
amiable and tender. 

The Twelfth shews the Author's genius for satire, 
and also that it was the chief kind of genius with which 



OF JUVENAL. XIX 

he was peculiarly endowed. In this piece, he certainly 
did not at first intend writing a satire, but only to con- 
gratulate one of his friends, who had been saved from 
a dreadful shipwreck. After employing, on this sub- 
ject, two thirds of the poem, he is at once diverted 
from it, by recollecting that his friend, for whose safety 
he is to offer so many sacrifices, has three children. 
This conduct in himself strikes him as totally oppo- 
site to that of the legacy hunters, with whom Rome 
abounded, and whose attentions were solely bestowed 
on rich people who were childless. He forgets his 
friend, for the pleasure of exposing those knaves. The 
lively picture which he draws of them is far superior 
to his description of the tempest. 

In the Thirteenth, he offers consolation to a friend 
who had been defrauded of ten thousand serterces, by 
a scoundrel ^vho denied the deposit of that sum. In 
this Satire, a divine might find new proofs of the un- 
certainty of the Pagans respecting a Providence and a 
future state. The Poet speaks almost divinely of the 
torments of a guilty conscience; of its horrid remorse 
for having violated the laws of justice ; and of the 
dreadful sufferings of him who bears his punishment 
always in his own heart. His dreams appal him with 
the most frightful images ; and the pain of every cala- 
mity that befalls him is heightened by his regarding it as 
a punishment. But he does not decide whether these 
terrors rest on any solid foundation. Having exhausted 
his whole eloquence in describing the punishments of 
vice, he thinks none so powerful and efficacious as that 
inflicted by the magistrates, with which he concludes. 



XX LIFE AND WRITINGS 

There are Satires more agreeable than the Four- 
teenth ; there are others in which the poet takes a 
loftier flight ; but there is none in which he so much 
displays his genius for philosophy, the art of connect- 
ing his ideas; his brevity and precision. His brevity 
resembles not that so common among writers of the 
present age, who often strangle a thought in hopes of 
strengthening it. It is the brevity of Tacitus and 
Montesquieu, which, after retrenching whatever is 
superfluous or unnecessary, includes the principal 
thought in a precise and vigorous expression. By 
selecting the most characteristic circumstances, the 
Poet sets before our eyes, in five lines, (v. 166 — l7l)> 
the simplicity of the ancient Romans, their love of 
labour, their domestic happiness, the fruitfulness of 
their wives, their sober diet, and their aversion to 
being served by a multitude of foreign slaves. Through- 
out the whole of this Satire, the texture is skilfully 
combined ; the thoughts either rising immediately the 
one from the other, or the transitions being so natural^ 
that they are almost imperceptible. How justly and 
artfully does the Poet describe the progress of avarice 
in the human heart ; tracing it from its origin, in sordid 
parsimony^ to mean contrivances for gain; and from 
thence to injustice,, violence, and the greatest crimes. 
The father who first infused into his son this miserable 
passion, vainly struggles to check his flagitious career ; 
and after being long the astonished spectator of his 
crimes, sometimes becomes their victim. 

Trepidumque magistrum 

In cavea magno fremitu leo toilet alumnus, 

is an image equally bold and impressive. This master 



OF JUVENAL. XXI 

of the lion had exasperated his natural ferocity, in 
order to render him more deserving the attention of 
the amphitheatre. 

In the Fifteenth Satire, the writer expresses, 
undisguisedly, his hatred against the Egyptian nation 
and religion. As a man of good sense, he despised the 
absurdities of this worship ; he saw how much its 
introduction into Rome had corrupted the morals of 
his fellow-citizens ; and perceived that those crowded 
assemblies, in which the distinctions of age, rank, and 
sex, were concealed and confounded, under the veil of 
night and mystery, opened a door to the most abomi- 
nable debauchery ; at the same time that the Egyptian 
prophets and fortune-tellers taught women and children 
to calculate, and sometimes to hasten, the deaths of 
their fathers and husbands. His own banishment into 
a country which was the object of his contempt or 
detestation, naturally sharpened his animosity, and 
carried his resentment to the utmost pitch. His genius 
is clearly displayed in the witty description of the wor- 
ship which the Egyptians paid to animals; in the 
origin of the society, founded on those principles of 
benevolence which are implanted by nature in the 
heart of man only; and in that dreadful, though 
striking picture, of the ferocity of an Egyptian. 

The Sixteenth Satire, which is evidently written 
in a style of irony, is not clearly proved to be Juve- 
naPs. Dry den maintains that it was written by him 
when he was a commander in Egypt; and that it is 
certainly his, though, he thinks, it was never finished. 
It is, however, of considerable importance in history. 



XX11 



WRITINGS OF JUVENAL. 



It has not been sufficiently remarked to what extent 
the privileges of soldiers were carried under the Empe- 
rors. In moments of sedition, it was manifest they 
overturned thrones \ but it was not known that in time 
of peace they shared their sovereignty. In any small 
portion of a community, a bolder enterprise can hardly 
be conceived than that of withdrawing itself from the 
jurisdiction of the ordinary magistrates, and insisting 
that its differences, even with the other classes of citi- 
zens, should be decided by its own judges. The 
clergy obtained these privileges in the dark ages ; but 
such pretensions seem to have been more excusable in 
a body which was believed to possess all the virtue, 
and which really possessed all the learning of the 
times, than they could possibly be in the Roman sol- 
diers, whose ignorance, grossness of manners, despotic 
and military maxims, removed them to so great a dis- 
tance from the character belonging to a judge. 



Upon the whole, the Satires of Juvenal possess 
more ardour and dignity than those of any other 
Latin poet. His versification is truly majestic. 
Managed by him, the Roman language loses all its 
roughness. His verses are flowing, harmonious, and 
animated ; although he never sacrifices the sense to 
the sound. "Juvenalis candidus (says Scaliger) ac 
Satyrorum facile princeps : nam ejus versus longe meli- 
ores quam Horatiani \ sententise acriores, phrasis aper- 
tior." 



XX111 



MORAL AXIOMS, SELECTED FROM JUVENAL. 



Ambition. 

Quse prseclara et prospera tanti 
Cum rebus lsetis par sit mensura malorum. — Sat. x. 97. 

Appearances. 

Fronti nulla fides. — ii. 8. 
Authorship. 

Tenet insanabile multos 

Scribendi cacoethes, et segro in corde senescit. — vii. 51. 
Avarice. 

Crescit amor nummi, quantum ipsa pecunia crescit. — xiv. 139. 

Beauty. 

Rara est adeo concordia formse, 
Atque pudicitiae. — x. 297. 
Bribery. 

Omnia cum pretio. — iii. 183. 
Tanta in muneribus fiducia. — x. 306. 
Censure. 

Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbis. — ii. 63. 
Contention. 

Quibusdam 
Somnumrixa facit. — iii. 281. 
Eloquence. 

Rara in tenui facundia panno. — vii. 145. 
Example. 

Nil dictu foedum visuque hsec limina tangat 
Intra quae puer est. — xiv. 45. 
Extravagance. 

Magis ilia juvant quae pluris emuntur. — xi. 16. 
Flattery of Tyrants. 

Nihil est quod credere de se 
Non possit, cum laudatur, dis sequa potestas. — iv. 70. 
Gain. 

Lucri bonus est odor ex re 
Qualibet.— xiv. 204. 
Grief. 

Flagrantior aequo 
Non debet dolor esse viri, nee vulnere major. — xiii. ii. 
Health. 

Orandum est ut sit mens sana in corpore sano. — x. 356. 
Honesty. 

Probitas laudatur et alget. — i. 74. 



XXIV MORAL AXIOMS OF JUVENAL. 

Honour. 

Summum crede nefas animam prseferre pudori. — viii. 83. 

Ingratitude. 

Ingratos ante omnia pone sodales. — xi. 192. 

Money. 

Unde habeas quaerit nemo ; sed oportet habere. — xiv. 207. 

Mortality. 

Mors sola fatetur 

Quantula sint hominum corpuseula.— x. 172. 
Festinat enim decurrere, velox 

Flosculus, angustae miseraeque brevissima vitae 

Portio.— ix. 126. 
Nobility. 

Nobilitas sola est atque unica virtus. — viii. 20. 
Old Age. 

Sed quam continuis et quantis longa senectus 

Plena malis. — xi. 90. 
Poverty. 

Nil habet infelix paupertas durius in se, 

Quam quod ridiculos homines facit. — iii. 152. 

Haud facile emergunt, quorum virtutibus obstat 

Res angusta domi. — iii. 164. 

Plurima sunt quae 

Non audent homines pertusa, dicerelaena. — v. 131. 
Reputation. 

Miserum est alienee incumbere famae. — viii. 76. 
Revenge. 

Semper et infirmi est animi exiguique voluptas 

Ultio xiii. 190. 

Riches. 

Quid enim salvis infamia nummis ? — i. 48. 

Quantum quisque sua nummorum servat in area, 

Tantiini habet et ndei. — iii. 143. 

Vice. 

Omne animi vitium tantb confectius in se 

Crimen habet, quantb major qui peccat habetur. — viii. 140. 

Fallit enim vitium specie virtutis, et umbra. — xiv. 109. 
Virtue. 

Tanto major f anise sitis est quam 

Virtutis : quis enim virtutem amplectitur ipsam 

Praemia si tollas ? — x. 140. 

Semita certe 

Tranquillae per virtutem patet unica vitae. — x. 363. 

Wisdom. 

Numquam aliud natura, aliud sapientia dicit. — xiv. 321. 



TREATISE 



LATIN VERSIFICATION. 



' ' Legitimmiique sonum digitis callemus et aure." 
Such was the instruction of the mighty master of the Lyric 
Muse, in his "Art of Poetry/' — to judge of the legitimate 
sound by the fingers and the ear ; — and such has been the 
object of the Editor of Juvenal, in introducing the long pro- 
sodical quantity over the principal caesura of each line, which, 
as constituting the very soul and essence of poetic numbers, 
cannot be violated without destroying the rhythm us of the 
verse. By disregarding this, — by reading sonum instead of 
sonum, as above, — the directions of Horace, to attune the 
verse by the ringers and the ear, are set at nought ; the ma- 
jesty of Juvenal is emasculated ; the Roman muse loses all its 
dignity; and the noble sentiments which it conveys vibrate 
without effect on the tuneless souls who sacrifice^ to a bar- 
barous custom, the most melodious numbers that ever flowed 
from the pen of enlightened man.* 

* In reading an hexameter verse, according to the plan laid down 
by Horace, it may be observed that there are six syllables, at equal 
metrical distances, more emphatic than the rest, where the rhythmical 
ictus or thesis of the ancients uniformly occurs : they constitute the 
first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and eleventh semi-feet of the verse. 
Of these six syllables there are three generally more emphatic than the 
others, which are calculated to give strength to the rhythm, and effect 
to the sense : these are the third, fifth, and seventh semi-feet ; on on<-> 
or more of which the caesura, in all legitimate verses, should necessarily 
fall. Of these three syllables there is one of still more importance than 
the rest ; and this is the fifth, which forms the hemistich or grand division 
of each hexameter verse; as " Legitimumque sonum." It will thus 
be perceived, that in the present edition of Juvenal, the long prosodical 
quantity, denoting the csesural pause, more frequently occurs on this 
syllable than on any other ; and when the caesuras take place on the 
third, fifth, and seventh semi-feet, the Editor has always preferred the 
fifth, as being the most important division of an hexameter. By a little 
attention to this, it appears almost impossible that the melody of the 
verse can be mutilated ; but if these csesural syllables are pronounced 

b 



XXVI TREATISE ON 

The Versification of the ancient Romans was founded on 
the Greek 5 * and for beauty and melody it undoubtedly sur- 
passes that of all other languages, excepting its immortal pro- 
totype. The just arrangement of vowels and consonants — 
the harmonious and diversified recurrence of long and short 
syllables — and, above all, the strictest accordance with the 
principles of music — have rendered Latin verse, for the last 
two thousand years, the purest standard of rhythmical and 
poetic excellence. Though every classical scholar readily 
admits the superiority of Latin versification over that of 
modern languages 5 still there is no branch of education less 
profitably cultivated or less understood. That it is highly 
appreciated in our public schools, there can be little doubt ; 
or so many years of valuable time would not be devoted to its 
acquisition. But unfortunately the practice of modern teachers 
and professors is contrary to their theory. Rules innumerable, 
and full of inexplicable exceptions, are laid down for the 
pupil's guidance, and years are frittered away in the study of 
them -, when, after all, he is ignorant of the true principles of 
rhythmus, and incapable of comprehending the melody of a 
single line. The student is compelled to acquire prosodical 
rules with the strictest precision 3 yet he is not allowed to 

short instead of long, as is too frequently the case, then not only is the 
rhythmus destroyed, but, as the comprehending of Latin mainly depends 
on its emphatic terminations, the sense of the writer is also obscured, or 
utterly perverted. The only difficulties which present themselves to an 
English ear, are the elisions of the vowels, and of the letter m, when 
they precede words commencing with vowels. But by a little practice 
these apparent obstacles will vanish. We find no difficulty in eliding 
the vowels in our own English versification, which are of constant 
occurrence; as, "To increase his store,'' "The approaching foe," 
" Full many a gem," &c. In the elision of the letter m, there cer- 
tainly appears a little more difficulty, on account of the labial pronun- 
ciation which the English give it ; but the best and simplest plan is to 
elide the syllable, as if the liquid m were quiescent ; and for this we 
have the authority of the ancients : — " Litera m, si scribitur (says Quin- 
tilian) tamen parum exprimitur ; adeo ut pene cujusdam novae literse 
sonum reddat ;" and Priscian says, " m obscurum extremitate sonat." 
The sound of m appears to have been like the faint nasal of the French, 
who make no difference between the pronunciation of m and n. Thus 
Cicero remarks that the final sounds of m and n were so nearly alike as 
to create ambiguity. 

* These introductory remarks are taken from the " Treatise on Latin 
Versification," prefixed to the Editor's Interlinear Translation of Vir- 
gil's Bucolics, to which the classical student is referred for further 
iUustration 



LATIN VERSIFICATION. xxvil 

put those rules into practice. After all his labour and pains, 
he must read Latin verse precisely as one utterly ignorant of 
the language, and in direct opposition to the very rules he has - 
been taught. 

It is not here intended to oppose the well-known rules of Pro- 
sody, which have been collected from the Latin poets, but 
rather to simplify and reduce them to practice. The rules 
absolutely requisite for this are few and simple 5 * for, after 
all, nothing but the reading of Latin verse, according to the 
metrical principles laid down by Horace, and illustrated in the 
course of these remarks, will ever render any one a prosodian 
or a Latin versifier. Rules may inform us that one termination 
is long and another short 3 but they cannot explain why the 
first syllables of cano, amo, cado, moneo^jubeo, and thousands of 
others, are short ; or why those of rego, muto, or duco, should 
be long : therefore it is essentially requisite that the student 
should be able to read Latin poetry at sight; and this has 
been the main object of the Editor of Juvenal in pointing out 
the caesura (which gives the melody of each verse) by the 
long prosodical quantity. f To attempt to write verse, by 
poring over a Gradus, before he can read it fluently, is as 
absurd as a foreigner attempting English poetry before he un- 
derstands the accentuatiou of common words. The following 
rules, however, may be useful : 

Every verse, or line, consists of a certain number of feet ; 
every foot contains a given number of syllables ; and every syl- 
lable is equal to either one or two times, or quantities. — A short 
syllable is equal to one poetic time or quantity, and is marked 
thus [ "] 5 a long syllable is equal to two times, or two short 
syllables, and denoted thus ["]: the proper disposition of 
short and long syllables, in the constitution of a foot, is usu- 
ally termed prosody. 

A Foot is a combination of syllables, and may consist of 
two, three, four, five, or six times, as the following enumera- 
tion of different feet will exemplify; 

Two times : apyrrhic, two short, as pius. 

Three times: an iambic, short and long, as dmcins: — a tro- 
chee, long and short, as pdriis; — a tribrach, three short, as 
dominus. 

* For a summary of these rules, see the " Treatise on Latin Versifi- 
cation" just noticed, p. xii. 

f Where the long circumflex, or the grave accent, occurs on the 
csesural syllable, the prosodical quantity has been dispensed with. 

b2 



XXV111 TREATISE ON 

Four times: a spondee, two long, as silvas: — a dactyl, one 
long and two short, as tegmzne: — an anapcsst, two short and 
one long, as recubdns: — an amphibrach, one long between two 
short, as cimcire. 

Five times : a bacchic, one short and two long, as minis tr ant : 
— an antibacchic, two long and one short, as audire: — an am- 
phimacer, one short between two long, as charitas. 

Six times: a molossus, three long, as Jtorentes : — a chori- 
ambus, two short between two long, as imcipunt. 

Of these feet the most regular are those composed of four 
times; as spondees, dactyls, and anapaests, which constitute 
the scanning of hexameter verse, and of the various metres 
which are formed from it : these feet accord with the most 
regular times of musical composition. 

A Verse is the metrical arrangement of feet, composed of 
long and short syllables, according to musical quantities. The 
principal kinds of Latin verse are the hexameter (or heroic) 
and iambic. They both contain six feet, but consist of dif- 
ferent times; and the division or measurement of the verse 
into its respective feet, according to their proper time or me- 
trical quantity, is called scanning. In scanning a verse there 
are several peculiarities, which are enumerated in the 
" Treatise on Latin Versification ;" but the most important is 
the ccesura, or principal resting-place of a verse, by which a 
short syllable may become long, as pectoribus : it may occur 
after the third, fifth, or seventh semi- foot of an hexameter ; 
and may be called, according to its respective situation, the 
triemimeris, penthemimeris 9 or hepthemimeris . An hexameter 
verse, or a verse consisting of six feet, which is here the main 
object of consideration, is divided into dactyls and spondees, at 
the pleasure of the poet, each consisting of four short quan- 
tities, and corresponding with common time of music. Though 
one foot may contain three syllables, and another only two -, 
and though one verse may have seventeen syllables, and an- 
other only thirteen, the precise number of times or quantities 
(that is, twenty-four short ones to a verse) is uniformly 
preserved, without ever violating the rhythmus of the line. 
Thus there are sixteen varieties of hexameter verse. A 
metrical uniformity, however, is preserved in the two con- 
cluding feet of every verse. These feet, consisting of a dactyl 
and spondee, are denominated the adonic. By this, the ear is 
enabled to distinguish the termination of each line, which in 
modern languages is known by rhyme. But even this adonic 



LATIN VERSIFICATION. XXIX 

is sometimes, though but rarely, sacrificed to the sound, and 
becomes two spondees, when a solemn or majestic effect is 
intended. 

I shall conclude this article with a few observations on the 
structure of an Hexameter verse j and illustrate its metrical 
proportions by English examples, in order to render it familiar 
to the ear. Of this the dactylic is the most regular and 
simple ; and if all verses were constructed from regular dac- 
tylic feet, there could be no difficulty in reading them ; but 
the uniformity would cloy, and soon render a long poem mo- 
notonous ; for this reason spondaic feet are introduced. 

The reading of Latin hexameters may be greatly facilitated 
by scanning according to the caesural syllables, as explained 
in a previous note. Thus the bar or division of feet will 
always occur at the caesuras or resting places of the verse, 
instead of confusedly intersecting the words, as generally hap- 
pens in the common method of scanning. By this plan, the 
first and last syllable of each verse will form a complete foot 
or bar, and the line will consist of spondees and anapaests, 
instead of spondees and dactyls. Though this very convenient 
method of dividing the verse is new in modern times, it was 
constantly practised by the ancient Romans ; as the following 
extract, from the treatise of Terentianus Maurus on Latin 
Metres, will sufficiently prove . 

quum dempta est syllaba prima, 

Quae demi poterit, reliqui fient anap^esti : 
Ultimaque ex illis catalectica, quae remanebit. 
Dactylico tali facile est hoc noscere versu : 
"At I tuba ter\ribilem \ sonitum \\ procul ae\re reciir\vd." 

This plan of scanning by anapaests is perfectly agreeable to 
the English ear, by which the sense and melody go hand in 
hand, as the following imitation of " At tuba," &c. will show : 

Then | did the trumjpet of war | with a ter|rible clan|gor re e|chOc 

By these divisions the rests take place at the caesuras, or ter- 
minations of each of the principal semi-feet, without injuring 
the sense or melody of the verse. 

The first peculiarity of the hexameter is, that it always 
commences with a long syllable, or half foot, and a foot added 
to this is sufficient to form a species of measure -, as, Land \ of 
my birth ! An anapaest in addition will make a penthemimeris, 
or semi- verse of a pentameter ; as, Land \ of my birth \ and my 
sires ! This semi -verse forms the most important division of 
an hexameter ; and most of the odes of Horace commence 



XXX ON LATIN VERSIFICATION. 

with it. The addition of a second semi-verse will form a 
Pentameter — the two semi-feet making a perfect spondee 5 
Land | of my birth | and my sires ! || Land | of the great | and renown' d. 
One or both of the anapaests of the first semi-verse may be- 
come spondees, by which four varieties of pentameter verse 
are formed ; but those of the second never alter. If we add a 
long syllable, or half- foot, to the beginning and end of the lat- 
latter semi-verse, an Hexameter is produced, which is termed 
Heroic verse ; and when a pentametrical line is annexed, it 
becomes Elegiac, in which alternate measures Ovid, Tibullus, 
and Propertius wrote : 

Land I of my birth | and my sires ! || enroll' d | in the an]nals of sto|ry ; 
Land | of the free | and the brave 1 . || he|roes of Aljbion arise. 

An hexameter might be formed by adding a long syllable, 
or half-foot, to the end of each penthemimeris ; but it would 
be considered a very bad verse, on account of the caesura, or 
pause, being introduced in the wrong situation : as the follow- 
ing examples, half Latin and half English, will demonstrate : 
Carjmina niiljla canam : || vers es no more J shall I sing. 
Car |mina nul|la canejmus : || vers|es no mdre | shall we ca|rol. 

The following is a regular anapaestic pentameter : 
Shame | to thee, land | of the Gaul ! || shame | to thy chiljdren and thee. 
But this can readily be converted into an hexameter 3 and 
for the sake of variety the first anapaest may become a spon- 
dee, when the verse will read thus : 
Shame, ]thouland|of the Gaul ! || O shame | to thy states ]men and he|roes. 

Thus, from the component parts of an hexameter and iam- 
bic verse, are formed all the musical and diversified odes of 
Horace ; with whom the preservation of the legitimate rhyth- 
mus was every thing, — 

Lesbium sen-are ped£m, sukpie 
Pollicis ictum ; — 

and which it is the object of the present writer earnestly to 
recommend to all who would 

Quaff the pure fountain of the Roman Muse. 



Brratum— Sat. vi. 279, for * prithee say frame coleur of an excuse,' read, 
* prithee frame any colour of an excuse. ' 



SATIRA I. 

RATIONES CUR SATIRAM SCRIBAT. 



[The long prosodical quantity that occurs ( ") is intended to denote the principal 
caesura or emphatic syllable of each line, which cannot be violated without de- 
stroying the rhythmus of the verse.] 



Semper ego auditor tantum ? nunquamne reponam^ 

Vexatus toties rauci These'ide Codri ? 

Impune ergo mini recitaverit ille togatas^ 

Hie elegos ? impune diem consumpserit ingens 

Telephus ? aut summi plena jam margine libri 5 

Scriptus et in tergo necdum finitus Orestes ? 

Nota magis nulli domus est sua^ quam mihi lucus 
Martis,, et JEoliis vicinum rupibus antrum 
Vulcani. Quid agant venti ; quas torqueat umbras 
^Eacus ; unde alius furtivee devehat aurum 10 

Pelliculee ; quantas jaculetur Monychus ornos ; 
Frontonis platan!^ convulsaque marmora clamant 
Semper, et assiduo ruptee lectore columnae. 
Expectes eadem a summo minimoque poeta. 

Et nos ergo manCim ferulae subduximus : et nos 15 
Consilium dedimus Syllga, privatus ut altum 
Dormiret. Stulta est dementia^ cum tot ubique 
Vatibus occurras^ perituree parcere chartae. 

Shall I always be a hearer only ? Shall I never reply, 
though so often annoyed with the Theseis of hoarse Codrus ? 
Shall that man then recite to me his comedies with impunity — 
this, his elegies ? Shall bulky Telephus consume a day unpunished r 
or Orestes, already written on the full margin of a large book, 5 

and on the back, nor as yet completed ? 

His own house is more known to none, than to me the grove 
of Mars, and the cave of Vulcan near the iEolian rocks. 
What the winds can do ; what ghosts ^Eacus may torment ; 
whence another may carry off the gold of the stolen 10 

fleece ; how many ash-trees Monychus can hurl ; 
the plane-trees of Fronto and shaken marbles are ringing 
perpetually, and pillars rent by continual reading. 
You must expect the same from the highest and the meanest poet. 

And we therefore have withdrawn the hand from the ferula : 15 

and we have given advice to Sylla, that as a private man 
he may sleep soundly. It is foolish clemency, when everywhere 
you meet so may poets, to spare the paper doomed to perish. 

B 



2 JUVENALIS SATIRA I. 

Cur tamen hoc libeat potius decurrere campo^ 
Per quern magnus equos Auruncse flexit alumnus : 20 
Si vacat, et placidi rationem admittitis, edam. 

Cum tener uxorem ducat spado : Meevia Tuscum 
Figat aprum, et nuda teneat venabula mamma ; 
Patricios omnes opibus cum provocet unus^ 
Quo tondente gravis juveni mihi barba sonabat : 25 
Cum pars Niliacse plebis, cum verna Canopi 
CrispinuSj Tyrias humero revocante lacernas, 
Ventilet eestivum digitis sudantibus aurum, 
Nee sufferre queat majoris pondera gemmae : 
Difficile est satiram non scribere. Nam quis iniquse 30 
Tarn patiens urbis, tarn ferreus, ut teneat se ? 
Causidici nova cum veniat lectica Mathonis 
Plena ipso : et post hunc magni delator amici, 
Et cito rapturus de nobilitate comesa [palpat 

Quod superest : quern Massa timet: quern munere 35 
Carus ; et a trepido Thymele summissa Latino : 
Cum te summoveantj qui testamenta merentur 
NoctibuSj in coelum quos evehit optima summi 
Nunc via processus^ vetulee vesica beatee. 
Unciolam Proculeius habet, sed Gillo deuncem : 40 

Yet why it pleases me rather to follow in that field, 
through which the great foster-son of Aurunca turned his steeds : 20 
if at leisure, and you patiently admit the reason, 1 will tell you. 

When an eifeminate eunuch marries a wife : Msevia engages 
the Tuscan boar, and holds the spears with naked breast : 
when one man challenges all the Patricians in riches, 
by whose clipping, my exuberant beard, when young, did rattle : 25 

when a part of the Nile's vulgar herd, when a slave of Canopus, 
Crispinus, his shoulder throwing off the Tyrian mantles, 
fans his summer gold-ring on his perspiring fingers, 
nor can endure the weight of a greater gem : 

it is difficult not to write satire. For who so patient 30 

of this wicked city, so iron-hearted, that he can restrain himself? 
when the new chair of the lawyer Matho advances 
stuffed with himself: and after him the impeacher of his great friend, 
and shortly to take away from the half-starved nobility 
what remains : whom Massa dreads : whom with a present 35 

Carus sooths ; and Thymele subdued by trembling Latinus : 
when those supplant you, who earn legacies 
by night, whom now the best path of the highest preferment, 
the lechery of a rich old-woman, raises to the skies. 
Proculeius has one ounce, but Gillo eleven ounces : 40 



JUVENALIS SATIRA I. 3 

Partes quisque suas,, ad mensuram inguinis heeres. 
Accipiat sane mercedem sanguinis^ et sic 
Palleai, ut nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem, 
Aut Lugdunensem rhetor dicturus ad aram. 

Quid referanij quanta siccum jecur ardeat ira, 45 

Cum populum gregibus comitum premat hie spoliator 
Pupilli prostantis ? et hie damnatus inani 
Judicio (quid enlm sqlvis infamia nummis?) 
Exul ab octava Marius bibit, et fruitur Dis 
Iratis : at tu^ victrix provincia^ ploras. 50 

Haec ego non credam Venusina digna lucerna ? 
Hsec ego non agitem ? sed quid magis Heracleas^ 
Aut Diomedeas^ aut mugitum labyrinth^ 
Et mare percussum puero^ fabrumque volantem ? 
Cum leno accipiat moechi bona^ si capiendi 55 

Jus nullum uxor!, doctus spectare lacunar^ 
Doctus et ad calicem vigilanti stertere naso : 
Cum fas esse putet curam sperare cohortis^ 
Qui bona donavit praesepibus,, et caret omni 
Majorum censu^ dum pervolat axe citato 60 

Flaminiam : puer Automedon nam lora tenebat, 
Ipse lacernatse cum se jactaret amicse. 

every one has his shares, inheriting according to the standard of nature. 

Let him take truly the reward of his blood, and 

grow as pallid as he who has trodden on a snake with bare heels, 

or as a rhetorician about to declaim at the altar in Lyons. 

Why need I tell, with what anger my parched liver burns, 45 

when this spoiler of his prostituting pupil crowds on the people 
with the number of his attendants ? and this exile Marius, condemned 
by a frivolous judgment, (for what is infamy, if money be safe?) 
carouses from eight o'clock, and enjoys himself 
in spite of the gods : but thou, victorious province, hast to lament. 50 

Shall I not believe these deserving the Venusian torch ? 
Shall I not assail these things ? but why rather tales of Hercules, 
or Diomedes, or the lowing of the labyrinth, 
and the sea struck by the boy, and the flying artificer ? 
when the pander can take the goods of the adulterer, if there is 55 

no right to the wife of obtaining them, being taught to gaze at the ceiling, 
and instructed to snore over his glass with a wakeful nose : 
when one thinks there is reason to hope for the command of a cohort, 
who hath squandered his goods in mangers, and is stript of all 
the estate of his ancestors, whilst with whirling axle he flies over 60 

the Flaminian way : for the boy Automedon held the reins, 
when he insinuated himself to his cloaked mistress. 

B 2 



4 JUVENALIS SATIRA I. 

Nonne libet medio ceras implere capaces 
Quadrivio ? cum jam sexta cervice feratur 
Hinc atque inde patens^ ac nuda pene cathedra^ 65 

Et multum referens de Msecenate supino 
Signator falso^ qui se lautum atque beatum 
Exiguis tabula et gemma fecerat uda. 
Occurrit matrona potens,, quae molle Calenum 
Porrectura viro miscet sitiente rubetam, 70 

Instituitque rudes melior Locusta propinquas^ 
Per famam et populunx, nigros efferre maritos. 

Aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris et carcere dignum,, 
Si vis esse aliquis : Probitas laudatur, et alget. 
Criminibus debent hortos,, prsetoria^ mensas,, 75 

Argentum vetus^ et stantem extra pocula caprum. 

Quern patitur dormire nurus corruptor avarse ? 
Quern sponsse turpes^ et preetextatus adulter ? 
Si natura negate facit indignatio versunx, 
Qualemcunque potest : quales ego^ vel Cluvienus. 80 

Ex quo Deucalion^ nimbis tollentibus eequor, 
Navigio montem ascendit^ sortesque poposcit, 
Paulatimque anima ealuerunt mollia saxa^ 
Et maribus nudas ostendit Pyrrha puellas : 

May not one fill large waxen tablets, with satire, in the middle 
of the street ? when there is now borne by six slaves, 
open to view on this side and on that, and his chair almost naked, 65 
and much resembling Maecenas at his ease, 

the forger of a false will, who had made himself great and happy 
by short codicils, and a wet gem. 

There is also a great lady, who, being about to offer mild Calenian wine, 
her husband thirsting, mixes toad-poison, 70 

and a more skilful Locusta instructs her inexperienced neighbours, 
regardless of fame and the people, to bury their spotted husbands. 

Attempt something worthy the narrow Gyarae and a prison, 
if you would be distinguished : Honesty is commended, and starves. 
To their crimes they owe their gardens, palaces, tables, 75 

antique silver-plate, and the boar embossed on the outside of the cups, 

Whom does the seducer of the covetous daughter-in-law suffer to sleep ? 
whom the infamous brides, and the purple -fringed adulterer ? 
If nature denies, indignation makes a verse, 
such as it can : such as I, or Cluvienus, can write. 80 

From the time that Deucalion, the rains swelling the sea, 
ascended the mount in his boat, and implored the oracles, 
and when gradually the softened stones grew warm with life, 
and Pyrrha shewed her naked maids to the males : 



JUVENALIS SATIRA I. 5 

Quicquid agunt homines^ votum^ timor^ ira^ voluptas^ 
Gaudia,, discursus^ nostri est farrago libelli. 86 

Et quando uberior vitiorum copia ? quando 
Major avaritise patuit sinus ? alea quando 
Hos animos ? neque enim loculis comitantibus itur 
Ad casum tabulse, posita sed luditur area. 90 

Praelia quanta illic dispensatore videbis 
Armigero ! simplexne furor sestertia centum 
Perdere^ et horrentl tunicam non reddere servo ? 

Quis totidem erexlt villas ? quis fercula septem 
Secreto coenavit avus ? nunc sportula primo 95 

Limine parva sedet, turbae rapienda togatse. 
Ille tamen faciem prius inspirit, et trepidat, ne 
Suppositus venias, ac falso nomine poscas : 
Agnitus accipies. Jubet a preecone vocari 
Ipsos Trojugenas : nam vexant limen et ipsi 100 

Nobiscum : da Prsetori, da deinde Tribuno. 
Sed libertinus prior est : prior, inquit, ego adsum ; 
Cur timeanx, dubitemve locum defendere ? quamvis 
Natus ad Euphratenv, molles quod in aure fenestra 
Arguerint^ licet ipse negem : sed quinque tabernee 105 
Quadringenta parant : quid confert purpura majus 

whatever men do, their wish, fear, anger, pleasure, H5 

joys, and discursions, is the medley-subject of my little book. 

And when was there a greater abundance of vices ? when 
was a wider gulph open to avarice ? when had the dice 
these excesses ? for no one goes with full pockets 

to the hazard table, but plays for the money- chest staked. 90 

What great battles you will see there with the steward 
the arms-bearer ! Is it not plain madness to lose a hundred sesterces, 
and not to give a coat to a shivering servant ! 

Who has built so many villas ? what ancestor on seven courses 
hath supped in private ? now the little donation f)5 

is placed at the outward gate, to be scrambled for by the gowned crowd. 
Yet he first surveys their face, and quakes, 
Lest you come suborned, and demand in a false name : 
being known you shall have it. He orders the Trojan lords themselves 
to be called by the crier : for even they disturb the threshold 100 

with us : ' give to the Praetor, give next to the Tribune. J 
But the freedman is first : says he, ' I came first ; 
why should I fear, or hesitate to defend my place ? although 
born near the Euphrates, which the soft holes in my ear 
will shew, though myself should deny : but five taverns 105 

bring me in four hundred sesterces : what more does the purple confer 



6 JUVENALIS SATIRA I. 

Optandum, si Laurenti custodit in agro 

Conductas Corvinus oves ? Ego possideo plus 

Pallante, et Licinis : expectent ergo Tribuni : 

Vincant divitise ; sacro nee cedat honori 110 

Nuper in hanc urbem pedibus qui venerat albis : 

Quandoquidem inter nos sanctissima divitiarum 

Majestas : etsi, funesta Pecunia, templo 

Nondum habitas, nullas nummorum ereximus aras, 

Ut colitur Pax, atque Fides, Victoria, Virtus, 115 

Queeque salutato crepitat Concordia nido. 

Sed cum summus honor finito computet anno, 
Sportula quid referat, quantum rationibus addat : 
Quid facient comites, quibus hinc toga, calceus hinc sunt, 
Et panis, fumusque domi ? densissima centum 120 

Quadrantes lectica petit ; sequiturque maritum 
Languida, vel preegnans, et circumducitur uxor. 
Hie petit absent^ nota jam callidus arte, 
Ostendens vacuam et clausam pro conjuge sellam : 
Galla mea est, inquit ; citius dimitte : moraris ? 125 
Profer, Galla, caput. Noli vexare, quiescit. 

Ipse dies pulchro distinguitur ordine rerum ; 
Sportula, deinde forum, jurisque peritus Apollo, 

to be wished for, if Corvinus in the Laurentian land 

watches flocks of sheep ? I possess more 

than Pallas and the Licini : therefore let the Tribunes wait/ 

Let riches prevail ; nor let him give place to that sacred honour 110 

which lately came into this city with chalked feet : 

since the majesty of riches is most holy among us : 

although, cursed money, thou dost not yet dwell in a temple, 

we have erected no altars for riches, 

as Peace is worshipped, and Faith, Victory, Virtue, 115 

and Concord, which resounds with the often -visited bird's nest. 

But when the chief honour, the year being finished, calculates 
what the dole brings in, how much it adds to their revenues : 
what shall their attendants do, to whom a gown is wanting, shoes 
are wanting, and bread and fire at home ? the thronged litter 120 

seeks a hundred farthings, and the wife follows the husband, 
sick or breeding, and is carried about. 
This begs for one absent, now skilled in his known art, 
shewing an empty ar d shut-up chair for his wife : 

* It is my Galla,' says he ; ' despatch her soon : do you delay?' 125 

4 Galla, put out your head. Do not disturb her, she is asleep.' 

The day itself is divided by a beautiful order of circumstances ; 
the dole, then the forum, and Apollo skilled in the law, 



\ 



JUVENALIS SATIRA I. 7 

Atque triumphales, inter quas ausus habere 
Nescio quis titulos iEgyptiuSj atque Arabarches; 130 
Cujus ad effigiem non tantum meiere fas est. 
Vestibulis abeunt veteres lassique clientes^ 
Votaque deponimt, quanquam longissima coense 
Spes homini : caules miseris atque ignis emendus. 
Optima sylvarum interea pelagique vorabit 135 

Rex horunx, vacuisque tons tantum ipse jacebit : 
Nam de tot pulchris,, et latis orbibus,, et tarn 
Antiquisj una comedunt patrimonia mensa. 
Nullus jam parasitus erit : sed quis feret istas 
Luxuries sordes ? quanta est gula^ quee sibi totos 140 
Ponit apros, animal propter convivia natum ? 
Poena tamen preesens,, cum tu deponis amictus 
Turgidus^ et crudum pavonem in balnea portas : 
Hinc subitse mortes^ atque intestata senectus. 
It nova nee tristis per cunctas fabula coenas : 145 

Ducitur iratis plaudendum funus amicis. 

Nil erit ulterius,, quod nostris moribus addat 
Posteritas : eadem cupient facientque minores. 
Omne in prcecipiti vitium stetit ; utere velis^ 
Totos pande sinus: dicas hie forsitan^ unde 150 

and the triumphal statues, among which is I know not what 

^Egyptian daring to assume titles, and an Arabarch, 130 

against whose image it is not allowed even to water. 

The old and wearied clients retire from the porches, 

and lay aside expectations, though there was a very long hope of supper 

to the man : pot-herbs and fire must be bought by the wretches. 

Meanwhile the patron of these shall devour the best things of the woods 

and of the sea, and himself only shall loll on the empty couches : 136 

for out of so many beautiful, and large, and such 

antique dishes, they eat up whole patrimonies at one meal. 

Now there shall be no parasite : but who can bear these 

stains of luxury ? how large is the gullet that places before itself 140 

whole boars, an animal designed for feasts ? 

Yet the punishment is at hand, when you take off your clothes 

all bloated, and carry a raw peacock into the baths : 

hence sudden deaths, and intestate old age. 

The new nor an unwelcome story goes through all the suppers : 145 

your funeral is carried along applauded by your irritated friends. 

There will be nothing farther, that posterity can add 
to our crimes : our descendants shall desire and do the same things. 
Every vice has arrived at its height : use sails, 
spread all the canvass : you will say here, perhaps, whence 150 



8 JUVENALIS SATIRA I. 

Ingenium par materia? ? unde ilia priorum 

Scribendi quodcumque animo flagrante liberet 

Simplicity cujus non audeo dicere nomen ? 

Quid refert dictls ignoscat Mucius,, an non ? 

Pone Tigellinunx, tseda lucebis in ilia, 155 

Qua stantes ardent qui fixo gutture fumant, 

Et latum media sulcum deducit arena. 

Qui dedit ergo tribus patruis aconita, vehetur 

Pensilibus plumis, atque illinc despiciet nos ? 

Ciim veniet contra^ digito compesce labellum : 160 

Accusator erit qui verbum dixerit, c Hie est/ 

Securus licet iEneanx, Rutilumque ferocem 

Committas : null! gravis est percussus Achilles, 

Aut multum queesitus Hylas, urnamque secutus. 

Ense velut stricto quoties Lucilius ardens 165 

Infremuit, rubet auditor cui frigida mens est 

Criminibus ; tacita sudant prsecordia culpa. 

Inde iree et lachrymal Tecum priiis ergo voluta 

Heec animo ante tubas : galeatum sero duelli 

Poenitet. Experiar quid concedatur in illos, 1 70 

Quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis, atque Latina. 

t> there a genius equal to the subject ? whence that openness 

of former satirists in writing whatever pleased the indignant mind, 

of which I dare not mention the name ? 

What cares he if Mucius pardon his invectives or not ? 

Expose Tigellinus, you shall blaze in that torch, 155 

in which they burn standing, who smoke with their throat fixed, 

and draw a broad furrow in the middle of the sand. 

Then shall he, who gave wolf s -bane to his three uncles, be carried 

on pendent feathers, and thence look down upon us ? 159 

When he shall come over against you, compress your lip with your finger : 

there will be an accuser who shall speak the word, * This is he.' 

You may safely treat of Eneas, and the ferocious Rutulian : 

Achilles wounded is offensive to none, 

or Hylas much sought, and following his pitcher. 

As often as keen Lucilius rages, as with a drawn sword, lb'5 

the hearer blushes, whose heart is cold 

with crimes ; his bowels tremble with secret guilt. 

Thence resentments and tears. Therefore, first revolve these things 

in thy mind before the trumpets : the armed soldier repents too late 

of war. I will try what may be conceded to those 170 

whose ashes are covered in the Flaminian and Latin Way. 



SATIRA II. 

IN PHILOSOPHOS HYPOCRITAS. 



Ultra Sauromatas fugere hinc libet, et glacialem 
Oceanum,, quoties aliquid de moribus audent 
Qui Curios simulant^ et Bacchanalia vivunt. 

Indocti primunij quamquam plena omnia gypso 
Chrysippi invenias : nam perfectissimus horum est, 5 
Si quis Aristotelem similem,, vel Pittacon emit, 
Et jubet archetypos pluteum servare Cleanthis. 
Fronti nulla fides : quis enim non vicus abundat 
Tristibus obscoenis ? castigas turpia, cum sis 
Inter Socraticos notissima fossa cinsedos? 10 

Hispida membra quidem et durse per brachia setae 
Promittunt atrocem animum : sed podice laevi 
Caeduntur tumida^, medico ridente, mariscee. 
Rarus sermo illis^ et magna libido tacendi ; 
Atque supercilio brevior coma : verius ergo 1 5 

Et magis ingenue Peribomius : hunc ego fatis 
Imputo, qui vultu morbum incessuque fatetur. 
Horum simplicities miserabilis ; his furor ipse 
Dat veniam : sed pejores qui talia verbis 

One could wish to fly hence beyond the Sarmatians, and the frozen 
ocean, as often as they presume any thing regarding morals 
who counterfeit the Curii, and live like Bacchanals. 

Ignorant in the first place : though you find all their places filled 
with gypsum busts of Chrysippus : for he is the most eminent of them , 
if any one buys an Aristotle in similitude, or Pittacus, 6 

and orders that his library preserve originals of Cleanthes. 
There is no trusting to countenance ; for what street does not abound 
with these grave obscene ? Do you censure lewd crimes, when you are 
the most noted drain among the Socratic bands ? 10 

Their rough limbs indeed, and hard bristles all over their arms, 
pourtray the atrocious mind : but with a dextrous hand 
the tumid piles are lanced, the surgeon smiling. 
Rare is speech to them, and great the desire of being silent ; 
their hair also is shorter than the eye-brow ; therefore 
Peribomius acts more truly and more ingenuously : I consign him IS 
to the fates who confesses his disease by his countenance and gait. 
The manner of these is pitiable ; to them rage itself 
gives pardon : but they are worse who attack such crimes 

B 5 



10 JUVENALIS SATIRA II. 

Herculis invadunt, et de virtute locuti 20 

Clunem agitant. Ego te ceventein, Sexte, verebor, 

Infamis Varillus ait ? quo deterior te ? 

Loripedem rectus derideat, ^Ethiopem albus. 

Ghris tulerit Gracchos de seditione querentes ? 

Gluis coelum terns non misceat, et mare coelo, 25 

Si fur displiceat Verri, aut homicida Miloni ? 

Clodius accuset moechos^ Catilina Cethegum ? 

In tabulam Syllse si dicant discipuli tres ? 

Qualis erat nuper tragico pollutus adulter 

Concubitu : qui tunc leges revocabat amaras 30 

Omnibus^ atque ipsis Veneri Martique timendas : 

Cum tot abortivis foecundam Julia vulvam 

Solveret, et patruo similes effunderet offas. 

Nonne igitur jure^ ac merito^ vitia ultima fictos 

Contemnunt Scauros^ et castigata remordent? 35 

Non tulit ex illis torvum Laronia quemdam 
Clamantem toties^ Ubi nunc lex Julia ? dormis ? 
Atque ita subridens : Felicia tempora^ quae te 
Moribus opponunt ! habeat jam Roma pudorem ! 
Tertius e ccelo cecidit Cato ! Sed tamen unde 40 

Heec emisj hirsuto spirant opobalsama collo 

in the words of Hercules, and, lecturing about virtue, 20 

practise indecency. ' Shall I be afraid of you who act obscenely, O Sextus,' 

infamous Varillus says ? ' In what am I worse than you ?' 

Let the straight -limbed deride the bandy-legged, the white the ./Ethiopian. 

Who will bear the Gracchi complaining of sedition ? 

Who may not confound heaven with earth, and the sea with heaven, 25 

if a thief displease Verres, or a murderer Milo ? 

if Clodius accuse adulterers, Catiline Cethegus ? 

if the three disciples of Sylla declaim against his proscriptions ? 

Such was the adulterer, lately polluted by his tragical 

marriage : who then revoked the laws bitter 30 

to all, and to be dreaded by Venus and Mars themselves : 

when Julia discharged her fruitful womb of so many abortions, 

and brought forth embryos similar to her uncle. 

May not then, with justice, and deservedly, the basest vices 

contemn these counterfeit Scauri, and being censured recriminate ? 35 

Laronia could not endure a certain sour individual among them, 
calling out so often, * Where is now the Julian law ? art thou asleep ?' 
and thus sarcastically smiling, she said: i Happy the times, that 
oppose you to existing manners ! now Rome may have shame ! 
a third Cato hath droptfrom heaven ! But yet whence 40 

do you buy these balsams which exhale perfumes from your hairy neck ? 



JUVENALIS SATIRA II. 11 

Quae tibi ? ne pudeat dominum monstrare tabernae. 

Quod si vexantur leges ac jura^ citari 

Ante omnes debet Scantinia. Respice primum^ 

Et scrutare viros : faciunt hi plura ; sed illos 45 

Defendit numerus^ junctaeque umbone phalanges. 

Magna inter molles concordia : non erit ullum 

Exemplum in nostro tarn detestabile sexu : 

Teedia non lambit Cluviam^ nee Flora Catullam : 

Hippo subit juvenesj et morbo pallet utroque. 50 

Numquid nos agimus causas ? civiha jura 

Novimus ? aut ullo strepitu fora vestra movemus ? 

Luctantur paucse,, comedunt coliphia paucae. 

Vos lanam trahitis^ calathisque peracta refertis 

Vellera: vos tenui praegnantem stamine fusum 55 

Penelope melius,, levius torquetis Arachne^ 

Horrida quale facit residens in codice pellex. 

Notum est cur solo tabulas impleverit Hister 
Liberto ; dederit vivus cur multa puellae. 
Dives erit magno quae dormit tertia lecto. 60 

Tu nube^ atque tace : donant arcana cylindros. 
De nobis post hsec tristis sententia fertur : 
Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas. 

be not ashamed to tell me the owner of your shop. 

But if the laws are aroused, and the statutes, 

the Scantinian ought to be produced before them all. Consider first, 

and examine your men : these commit more crimes ; but 4.*> 

their number, and phalanxes locked with their shields, defend them. 

There is great harmony among the effeminate : there will not be any 

such detestable example in our sex : 

Taedia does not caress Cluvia, nor Flora Catulla : 

Hippo gratifies young men, and is pale with a two -fold disease. 50 

Do we ever plead causes ? do we study the civil laws ? 

or disturb your courts with any bawling ? 

few of us fence, few eat the food of wrestlers. 

You spin wool, and carry home in baskets your finished 

fleeces : you twine the spindle loaded with fine thread 55 

better than Penelope, more nimbly than Arachne, 

such a task as the dirty harlot performs sitting on a clog. 

It is notorious why Hister filled up codicils with his freedman alone ; 

why during his life he gave many presents to his young wife. 

She will be rich who sleeps a third in a large bed. 60 

Do you marry, and be silent : secrets bestow jewels. 

After these the sad sentence is pronounced concerning us : 

Censure gives pardon to crows, and condemns the doves S 



12 JUVENALIS SATIRA II. 

Fugerunt trepidi vera ac manifesta canentem 
Stoicidee : quid enim falsi Laronia ? sed quid 65 

Non facient alii, ciim tu multitia sumas^ 
Cretice^ et hanc vestem populo mirante perores 
In Proculas et Pollineas ? est moecha Fabulla : 
Damnetur^ si vis, etiam Carfinia : talem 
Non sumet damnata togam. Sed Julius ardet, /0 

^Estuo : nudus agas ; minus est insania turpis. 
En habitum, quo te leges ac jura ferentem 
Vulneribus crudis populus modo victor, et illud 
Montanum positis audiret vulgus aratris. 
Quid non proclames, in corpore Judicis ista 75 

Si videas ? qusero an deceant multitia testem ? 
Acer et indomitus,, libertatisque m agister, 
Cretice, pelluces ! Dedit hanc contagio labem, 
Et dabit in plures : sicut grex tptus in agris 
Unius scabie cadit, et porrigine porci ; 80 

Uvaque conspecta livorem ducit ab uva. 
Foedius hoc aliquid quandoque audebis amictu : 
Nemo repente fuit turpissimus. Accipient te 
Paulatim, qui longa domi redimicula sumunt 
FrontibuSj et toto posuere monilia collo^ S3 

The trembling Stoics fled her predicting things true and self-evident : 
for what falsehood escaped Laronia ? But what 65 

will others not do when you assume your fine attire, 

Creticus, and, the people admiring this vest, you must needs harangue 
against the Proculas and Pollineas ? Fabulla is an adultress : 

let her be condemned, if you will, as well as Carfinia : 

being condemned she will not take such a gown. But July burns, 70 

1 am heated : you may declaim naked ; it is a less shameful madness 
Behold the garb in which the people hear you passing laws and statutes, 
with their green wounds, lately victorious, and that 

mountain rabble, with their ploughs laid aside. 

What would you not proclaim, if you saw these on the body 75 

of a judge ? I ask whether silken robes become a witness ? 

O Creticus, fierce and invincible, and patron of liberty, 

you shine in transparent garb ! Contagion hath given you this stain, 

and will inflict it upon more : as the whole flock in the fields 

falls by the rot of one, and hogs by the mange ; 80 

the grape too draws a blue tint from a grape that is seen. 

Hereafter you will dare something more abominable than this attire : 

no one on a sudden hath become desperately wicked. They will receive you 

gradually, who, at home, take long fillets 84 

for their foreheads, and have displayed strings of pearl all over the neck, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA II. 13 

Atque Bonam tenerie placant abdomine porcee 

Et magno cratere Deam : sed more sinistro 

Exagitata procul non intrat foemina limen. 

Solis ara Dese maribus patet : Ite profane^ 

Clamatur : nullo gemit hie tibicina cornu. 90 

Talia secreta coluerunt Orgia tseda, 

Cecropiam soliti Baptse lassare Cotytto. 

Ille supercilium madida fuligine tactum 

Obliqua producit acu, pingitque,, trementes 

Attollens oculos ; vitreo bibit ille Priapo^ 95 

Reticulumque comis auratum ingentibus implet 

Coerulea indutus scutulata^ aut galbana rasa^ 

Et per Junonem domini jurante ministro. 

Ille tenet speculum^ pathici gestamen Othonis^ 

Actoris Arunci spolium^ quo se ille videbat 100 

Armature cum jam tolli vexilla juberet : 

Res memoranda novis annalibus atque recenti 

Historia ; speculum civilis sarcina belli. 

Nimirum summi ducis est occidere Galbam^ 

Et curare cutem summi constantia civis ; 105 

Bedriaci in campo spolium affectare palati^ 

Et pressum in faciem digitis extendere panem : 

and appease the Good Goddess with the abdomen of a young sow 

and a large goblet : but, by a perverted rite, 

a woman, driven far away, does not enter the threshold. 

The altar of the Goddess is open to men only : ' Begone unholy females,' 

the cry is : ' here a female minstrel sounds with no cornet.' 90 

Such orgies did the priests by private torch-light celebrate, 

who were accustomed to fatigue Cecropian Cotytto. 

That one smooths his eye-brow, touched with wet soot, 

with a crooked pencil, and, lifting up his trembling eyes, 

paints them ; that other drinks out of a glass Priapus, 95 

and fills a gold -woven caul with his shaggy hairs, 

dressed in sky-coloured silken vests, or in soft white female robes ; 

and the servant swearing by the Juno of his master. 

That other holds a mirror, the burden of obscene Otho, 

the spoil of Actor the Aruncan, in which he viewed himself 100 

in full armour, when now he ordered the standards to be borne along : 

a circumstance to be narrated in our new annals and modern 

history : a looking-glass the baggage of a civil war !' 

Doubtless it is worthy of the greatest general to kill Galba, 

and the fortitude of the greatest citizen to beautify his skin ; 105 

to affect the spoil of the imperial palace in the field of Bedriacum, 

and with his fingers to spread steeped bread on his face : 



14 JUVENALIS SATIRA II. 

Quod nee in Assyrio pharetrata Semiramis orbe, 
Moesta nee Actiaca fecit Cleopatra carina. 

Hie nullus verbis pudor, aut reverentia mensae : 110 
Hie turpis Cybeles et fracta voce loquendi 
Libertas^ et crine senex fanaticus albo 
Sacrorum antistes^ rarum ac memorabile magni 
Gutturis exemplum^ conducendusque magister. 
Quid tamen expectant, Phrygio quos tempus erat jam 
More supervacuam cultris abrumpere carnem? [116 

Quadringenta dedit Gracchus sestertia^ dotem 
Cornicini : sive hie recto cantaverat sere. 
Signatee tabulae : dictum f elicit er ! ingens 
Coena sedet : gremio jacuit nova nupta mariti. 120 

O proceres ! censore opus est an haruspice nobis ? 
Scilicet horreres ; majoraque monstra putares^ 
Si muher vitulum^ vel si bos ederet agnum ? 
Segmenta^ et longos habitus,, et flammea sumit^ 
Arcano qui sacra ferens nutantia loro 125 

Sudavit clypels ancilibus. O pater urbis ! 
Unde nefas tantum Laths pastoribus ? unde 
Haec tetigit, Gradive^ tuos urtica nepotes ? 
Traditur ecce viro clarus genere atque opibus vir ! 

which neither quivered Semiramis in the Assyrian world, 
nor sorrowful Cleopatra did in her Actiacan galley. 

Here there is no modesty in words, or respect for the table : 110 

here is the freedom of base Cybele, and of speaking with a lisping voice, 
and the raving old priest with his white hair, 
president of the ceremonies, a rare and memorable example 
of a great gullet, and a master worthy to be hired. 

Yet what do they wait for, for whom it was already time, 115 

after the Phrygian custom, to cut off the superfluous flesh with knives ? 

Gracchus gave four hundred sestertia, as a dower 
to a horn-blower : or one who had played with a straight brazen trumpet. 
The deeds were signed : the benediction given ! a great 119 

supper is served up : the new bride is laid in the bosom of the husband. 
O peers ! have we need of a censor or an aruspex? 

Assuredly you would tremble ; and could you think them greater prodigies, 
if a woman should bring forth a calf, or if a cow a lamb ? 
He takes the necklaces, and long habits, and veils, 

wjio, carrying.the nodding sacred things by a secret thong, 125 

perspired with the ancilian shields. O father of the city ! 
whence such wickedness to Latian shepherds ? whence 
hath this nettle touched your descendants, Gradivus ? 
Behold a man, renowned for family and riches, is given to a man ! 



JUVENALIS SATIRA II. 15 

Nee galeam quassas^ nee terrain cuspide pulsas, 130 

Nee quereris patri ? Vade ergo, et cede severi 

Jugeribus campi quern negligis. Officium eras 

Primo sole mihi peragendum in valle Quirini : 

Gluse causa officii ? quid quaeris ? nubit amicus, 

Nee multos adhibet. Liceat modo vivere, fient, 135 

Fient ista palam, cupient et in acta referri. 

Interea tormentum ingens nubentibus hseret, 
Quod nequeunt parere, et partu retinere maritos. 
Sed melius quod nil animis in corpora juris 
Natura indulget; steriles moriuntur, et illis 140 

Turgida non prodest condita pyxide Lyde ; 
Nee prodest agili palmas prsebere Luperco. 

Vicit et hoc monstrum tunicati fuscina Gracchi, 
Lustravitque fuga mediam gladiator arenam, 
Et Capitolims generosior, et Marcellis, 145 

Et Catuli, Paulique minoribus, et Fabiis, et 
Omnibus ad podium spectantibus : his licet ipsum 
AdmoveaSj cujus tunc munere retia misit. 

Esse aliquos Manes, et subterranea regna, 
Et contum, et Stygio ranas in gurgite nigras, 150 

Atque una transire vadum tot millia cymba, 

Do you neither shake your helmet, nor strike the earth with your spear, 
nor complain to your father ? Go then, and depart from the acres 
of the rugged field which you neglect. To-morrow, by the rising sun, 
a compliment is to be paid by me in the valley of Quirinus : 
What is the cause of the compliment ? why ask ? a friend is to be wed, 
nor does he invite many. Provided we be suffered to live, 135 

these will be done, done openly, and they will desire to be registered. 

Meanwhile a great torment adheres to these wives, 
that they cannot bring forth, and retain their husbands by parturition. 
But it is better that nature grants no power to their minds 
over their bodies ; they die barren, and them 140 

plump Lyde does not profit with her perfumed box ; 
nor does it avail to stretch out their hands to the nimble Lupercus. 

Yet the spear of dressed Gracchus surpassed this prodigy, 
and as a gladiator he traversed the middle of the stage in his flight, 
being nobler even than the Capitolini and the Marcelli, 145 

and the descendants of Catulus and Paulus, and the Fabii, and 
all the spectators in the front box : although to these 
you join him at whose expense he then cast the nets. 

That there are any ghosts, and subterranean realms, 
and a pole, and black frogs in the Stygian gulph, 150 

and that so many thousands pass over the lake in one boat, 



16 JUVENALIS SATIRA IL 

Nee pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum sere lavantur. 
Sed tu vera puta. Curius quid sentit, et ambo 
Scipiadse? quid Fabricius^ manesque Camilli? 154 

Quid Cremerse legio,, et Cannis consumpta juventus ? 
Tot bellorum animae ! Quoties hinc talis ad illos 
Umbra venit, cuperent lustrari,, si qua darentur 
Sulphura cum tsedis,, et si foret humida laurus. 

Illuc,, heu ! miser! traducimur : arma quidem ultra 
Littora Juvernae promovimus, et modo captas 1 60 

Orcadas, ac minima contentos nocte Britannos. 
Sed quae nunc populi fiunt victoris in urbe 3 
Non faciunt ill! quos vicimus : et tamen unus 
Armenius Zalates cunctis narratur ephebis 
Mollior ardenti sese indulsisse Tribune 165 

Aspice quid faciant commercia ! venerat obses : 
Hie fiunt homines : nam si mora longior urbem 
Indulsit puerlSj non unquam deerit amator : 
Mittentur braccse^ cultelli, frsena^ flagellum : 
Sic praetextatos referunt Artaxata mores. 170 

not even boys believe, unless those who are not yet bathed for money. 

Yet do you consider them realities. What does Curius think, and both 

the Scipios ? What Fabricius, and the shades of Camillus ? 

What the legion of Cremera, and the youth destroyed at Cannae ? 155 

so many warlike souls ! As often as such a shade comes 

hence to them, they would desire to be purified, if any sulphur 

were given them with torches, and if there were any wet laurel. 

Alas ! we wretches are conveyed thither : tho' indeed we have carried 
our arms beyond the shores of Juverna, and the Orcades just subdued, 
and the Britons contented with a very short night. 161 

But what are now perpetrated in the city of a victorious people, 
those whom we have conquered do not commit : and yet one 
Zalates, an Armenian, more effeminate than all our striplings, 
is said to have prostituted himself to a lustful Tribune. 165 

Behold what commercial pursuits do : he came an hostage ; 
here they become men : for, if a longer stay endear 
the city to these youths, a lover will never be wanting : 
their trowsers, short knives, bridles, whip, shall be thrown away : 
thus they carry back the habits of our young nobility to Artaxata. 170 



SATIRA III. 

DE ROMiE VITUS ET IXCOMMODIS. 



Quamvis digressu veteris confusus amici, 
Laudo tamen vacuis quod sedem figere Cumis 
Destine^ atque unum civem donare Sibyllse. 

Janua Baiarum est^ et gratum littus amoeni 
Secessus. Ego vel Prochytam praepono Suburrae. 5 
Nam quid tarn miserum, tarn solum vidimus^ ut non 
Deterius credas horrere incendia^ lapsus 
Tectorum assiduos,, ac mille pericula ssevee 
Urbis^ et Augusto recitantes mense Poetas ? 

Sed dum tota domus rheda componitur una,, 10 

Substitit ad veteres arcus^ madidamque Capenam. 
HiCj ubi nocturne Numa constituebat amiceo, 
Nunc sacri fontis nemus, et delubra locantur 
Judeeis : quorum cophinus foenumque supellex. 
Omnis enim populo mercedem pendere jussa est 15 
Arbor, et ejectis mendicat sylva Camoenis. 

In vallem Egeriae descendimus^ et speluncas 
Dissimiles veris : quanto preestantius esset 
Numen aquee^ viridi si margine clauderet undas 

Though disconcerted at the departure of an old friend, 
yet I commend him, that he resolves to fix his residence 
at the unfrequented Cumse, and to bestow one citizen to the Sibyl. 

It is the port of Baige, and the agreeable shore of a delightful 
retreat. I prefer even Prochyta to Suburra. 5 

For what have we seen so wretched, so solitary, that 
you do not think it worse to dread fires, frequent falls 
of houses, and a thousand dangers of the cruel city, 
and poets rehearsing in the month of August ? 

But while his whole household furniture was placed in one cart, 10 
he stood still at the ancient arches, and wet Capena. 
Here, where Numa had been accustomed to meet his nocturnal nym^rh, 
the grove of the sacred fountain, and the shrines are now let 
to the Jews : whose wealth is a basket and a truss of hay. 
For every tree is ordered to pay a tax to this people, 15 

and the Muses being ejected every wood is a nest of beggars. 

We descend into the vale of Egeria, and into caves 
unlike natural ones : how much more divine would be 
the deity of the water, if grass inclosed the streams with a verdant bank, 



18 JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 

Herba^ nee ingenuum yiolarent marmora tophum ? 20 
Hie tunc Umbritius : Quando artibus,, inquit^ honestis 
Nullus in urbe locus, nulla emolumenta laborum^ 
Res hodie minor est here quam fuit, atque eadem eras 
Deteret exiguis aliquid : proponimus illuc 
Ire^ fatigatas ubi Deedalus exuit alas : 25 

Dum nova canities^ dum prima et recta senectus^ 
Dum superest Laches! quod torqueat, et pedibus me 
Porto meiSj nullo dextram subeunte bacillo. 
Cedamus patria : vivant Asturius istic^ 
Et Catulus : maneant qui nigra in Candida vertunt^ 30 
Queis facile est eedem conducere^ flumina^ portus^ 
Siccandam eluviem,, portandum ad busta cadaver^ 
Et prsebere caput domina venale sub hasta. 

Quondam hi cornicines^ et municipalis arense 
Perpetui comites,, notseque per oppida buccae, 35 

Munera nunc edunt^ et verso pollice vulgi 
Quemlibet occidunt populariter : inde reversi 
Conducunt foricas : et cur non omnia ? cum sint 
Quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum 
Extollitj quoties voluit Fortuna jocari. 40 

Quid Romse faciam ? mentiri nescio : librum^ 

nor the marbles displaced the native stone ? 20 

Here then Umbritins says : Since there is for honourable arts 
no place in the city, no emoluments for labour, 

my substance to-day is less than it was yesterday, and the same thing 
to-morrow will take away a part of that little : we propose to go thither 
where Daedalus put off his wearied wings : 25 

while hoariness is green, while old age is fresh and erect, 
while there remains for Lachesis what she may spin, and on my feet 
I uphold myself, no staff supporting my right hand. 
Let us depart from our native land : let Asturius dwell there, 
and Catulus : let them remain who turn black into white, 30 

to whom it is easy to rent a house, rivers, harbours, 
to cleanse the common sewer, to carry a corpse to the pile, 
and to offer the head of a slave for sale under the auction spear. 

These, formerly horn-blowers, and of the free amphitheatre 
constant attendants, and cheeks notorious through the towns, 35 

now exhibit sword-plays, and, the thumb of the vulgar being turned up, 
they kill whom they please, to gain popularity : returning from thence 
they hire the jakes : and why not every thing ? since they are 
such as Fortune raises from the most humble to the highest pinnacle 
of affairs, as often as she chooses to be sportive. 40 

What can I do at Rome ? I cannot speak falsely : a book, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 19 

Si malus est, nequeo laudare,, et poscere : motus 

Astrorum ignoro : funus promittere patris 

Nee voloj nee possum : ranarum viscera nunquam 

Inspexi : ferre ad nuptam quae mittit adulter^ 45 

Quae mandat, norint alii : me nemo ministro 

Fur erit ; atque ideo nulli comes exeo^ tanquam 

Mancus^ et extincta corpus non utile dextra. 

Quis nunc diligitur, nisi conscius^ et cui fervens 
^Estuat occultis animus^ semperque tacendis ? 50 

Nil tibi se debere putat, nil conferet unquam^ 
Participem qui te secreti fecit honesti. 
Carus erit Verri, qui Verrem tempore quo vult 
Accusare potest. Tanti tibi non sit opaci 
Omnis arena Tagl, quodque in mare volvitur aurum^ 55 
Ut somno careas^ ponendaque praemia sumas 
Tristis^ et a magno semper timearis amico. 

Quae nunc divitibus gens acceptissima nostris^ 
Et quos praecipue fugianx, properabo fateri : 
Nee pudor obstabit. Non possum ferre,, Quirites, 60 
Graecam urbem ; quamvis quota portio faecis Achaeae ? 
Jampridem Syrus in Tiberim defluxit Orontes, 
Et linguanr, et mores^ et cum tibicine chordas 

if it is bad, I cannot praise, and ask for : the motions 

of the stars I know not : the funeral of a father 

I neither can nor will promise : the entrails of toads I have never 

inspected : some have known how to convey to a married lady what 45 

the adulterer sends, what he commands : no one from my assistance 

shall be a thief ; and therefore I go out a companion to none, as if 

maimed, and as a body useless from the right-hand being cut off. 

Who now is beloved but the conscience-stricken, and whose heated 
mind boils with mischiefs hidden, and always to be concealed ? 50 

He thinks that he owes you nothing, he will contribute nothing, at anytime, 
who has made you partaker of an honest secret. 
He will be dear to Verres, who at any time he pleases 
is able to accuse Verres. All the sand of shady Tagus, and the gold 
that is rolled into the sea, cannot be of so much value to you, 55 

that you should want sleep, and in sorrow take objectionable rewards, 
and be always dreaded by your great friend. 

What a race is now the most acceptable to our rich citizens, 
and whom chiefly I shall avoid I will hasten to confess ; 
nor shall shame restrain me. Romans, I cannot endure GO 

a Grecian city ; though how small a portion is of Grecian scum ? 
Long since Syrian Orontes has flowed into the Tiber, 
and introduced its language, and manners, and harps set obliquely, 



20 JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 

Obliquas^ necnon gentilia tympana secum 

Vexit, et ad Circum jussas prostare puellas. 65 

Ite, quibus grata est picta lupa Barbara mitra. 

Rusticus ille tuus sumit trechedipna, (Juirine, 
Et ceromatico fert niceteria collo. 
Hie alta Sicyone^ ast hie Amydone relicta^ 
Hie Andro^ ille Samo,, hie Trallibus,, aut Alabandis^ 70 
Esquilias^ dictumque petunt a vimine collem ; 
Viscera magnarum domuum, dominique futuri. 
Ingenium velox, audacia perdita,, sermo 
Promptus^ et Isseo torrentior : ede> quid ilium 
Esse putes ? quemvis hominem secum attulit ad nos : 
GrammaticuSj rhetor^ geometres^ pictor, aliptes^ [76 
Augur^ schoenobates^ medicus^ magus : omnia novit 
Grasculus esuriens ; in coelum^ jusseris,, ibit. 
Ad summum,, non Maurus erat, nee Sarmata^ nee Thrax^ 
Qui sumpsit pennas,, mediis sed natus Athenis. 80 

Horum ego non fugiam conchylia ? me prior ille 
Signabit? fultusque toro meliore recumbet, 
Advectus Romam quo pruna et coctona vento ? 

Usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia coelum 
Hausit Aventinl, bacca nutrita Sabina ? 85 

with their flute -player, and also their country drums with them, 

and their girls ordered to play the harlot at our Circus. 65 

Go ye, to whom a Barbarian harlot with a painted head-dress is agreeable. 

That rustic people of yours, Quirinus, use supper-gowns, 
and wear their prizes on their bedaubed neck. 
This, having left the lofty Sicyone, but this Amy don, 
this Andros, that Samos, this Tralles, or Alabanda, 70 

seek the Esquilise, and the hill named from a twig ; 
the inmates of great houses, and at a future time the masters. 
They have an acute understanding, an abandoned impudence, a ready 
speech, and more volubility than Iseeus : say, what do you consider 
him to be ? he has brought with him any man you wish to us : 75 

he is a grammarian, rhetorician, geometrician, painter, anointer of wrestlers, 
a soothsayer, rope-dancer, a physician, a magician : all things 
a hungry Grecian knows ; command him, he will fly into the air. 
Upon the whole, he was not a Moor, nor Sarmatian, nor Thracian, 
who took wings, but born in the middle of Athens. 80 

Shall I not avoid the purple garments of these ? Shall that person 
sign before me ? and lie down lolling on a better couch, 
brought to Rome by the same wind as the prunes and Syrian figs ? 

Is it indeed nothing, then, that our infancy hath drawn 
the air of the Aventine, nourished by the Sabine olive ? 85 



JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 21 

Quid ! quod adulandi gens prudentissima laudat 
Sermonem indocti,, faciem deformis amici, 
Et longum invalid! collum cervicibus eequat 
Herculis^ Antaeum procul a tellure tenentis ? 
Miratur vocem angustam, qua deterius nee 90 

Ille sonat^ quo mordetur gallina marito. 

Hsec eadem licet et nobis laudare : sed illis 
Creditur. An melior cum Thaida sustinet^ aut cum 
Uxorem comcedus agit, vel Dorida nullo 
Cultam palliolo ? muiier nempe ipsa videtur^ 95 

Non persona loqui : vacua et plana omnia dicas 
Infra ventriculum^ et tenui distantia rima. 
Nee tamen Antiochus^ nee erit mirabilis illic^ 
Aut Stratocles, aut cum molli Demetrius Haemo : 
Natio comoeda est : rides ? majore cachinno 100 

Concutitur : flet, si lachrymas conspexit amici^ 
Nee dolet : igniculum brumee si tempore poscas^ 
Accipit endromidem : si dixeris,, eestuo,, sudat. 
Non sumus ergo pares : melior qui semper et omni 
Nocte dieque potest alienum sumere vultum ; 105 

A facie jactare manus^ laudare paratus^ 
Si bene ructavit^ si rectum minxit amicus^ 

What ! that the nation most expert at flattering commends 

the speech of the unlearned, the face of his ugly friend, 

and compares the slender neck of the invalid to the neck 

of Hercules, holding Antaeus far from the earth ? 

He admires his squeaking voice, a worse than which 90 

he does not send forth by whom as a husband a hen is treaded. 

These same things it is also allowed us to applaud : but to them 
credence is given. Is he a better comedian when he personates Thais, 
or when he acts a wife, or a sea-nymph covered with no 
short mantle ? In truth he seems the woman herself, 95 

and not a player to speak : you would pronounce all smooth and plain 
below the abdomen, and differing only in the distinction of sex. 
Yet neither Antiochus, nor yet Stratocles, shall be admired there, 
or Demetrius, with smooth-tongued Hsemus : 

the nation is comedian : do you smile ? with a louder horse-laugh 100 
he is convulsed : he weeps, if he has observed the tears of a friend, 
nor does he grieve ; if you ask a little lire in the time of winter, 
he takes his shag-coat : if you say, I am hot, he perspires. 
Therefore we are not equal : he is preferred who always and every 
night and day can assume a different countenance ; 105 

being prepared to throw his hands before his face, to praise, 
if his friend has belched gracefully, if he has watered straight, 



22 JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 

Si trulla inverso crepitum dedit aurea fundo. 

Preeterea sanctum nihil est^ et ab inguine tutum : 
Non matrona laris^ non filia virgcx, neque ipse 110 

Sponsus leevis adhuc, non filius ante pudicus. 
Horum si nihil est^ aviam resupinat amici. 
Scire volunt secreta domus,, atque inde timeri. 
Et quoniam coeplt Grsecorum mentio^ transi 
Gymnasia^ atque audi facinus majoris abollee. 115 

Stoicus occidit Bareanij delator amicunv, 
Discipulumque senex^ ripa nutritus in ilia 
Ad quam Gorgonei delapsa est penna caballi. 

Non est Romano cuiquam locus hie, ubi regnat 
Protogenes aliquis^ vel Diphilus,, aut Erimanthus^ 120 
Qui, gentis vitio^ nunquam partitur amicum : 
Solus habet. Nam^ cum facilem stillavit in aurem 
Exiguum de naturae patriseque veneno^ 
Limine summoveor : perierunt tempora longi 
Servitii : nusquam minor est jactura clientis. 125 

Quod porro ofheium (ne nobis blandiar) aut quod 
Pauperis hie meritum ? si curet nocte togatus 
Currere., cum Prsetor lictorem impellat^ et ire 
Prsecipitem jubeat^ dudum vigilantibus orbis^ 

if the golden cup has given a smack with its bottom uppermost. 

Besides, nothing is sacred and safe from his lust : 
not the mistress of the house, not the virgin daughter, nor 110 

the bridegroom himself as yet beardless, nor the son heretofore chaste. 
If there be none of these, he debauches the grandmother of his friend. 
They would know the secrets of the family, and thence be feared. 
And as mention of the Greeks is begun, go into 

their schools, and hear a villany of a greater cloak. 115 

A Stoic killed Bareas, the informer his friend, 
and the old man his disciple, bred on that bank 
upon which the feather of the Gorgon horse was dropt. 

There is no place for any Roman here, where reigns 
any Protogenes, or Diphilus, or Erimanthus, 150 

who, by the vice of his nation, never shares a friend ; 
he alone has him. For, when he has instilled into his easy ear 
a little of the poison of his own nature, and of his country's, 
I am turned out of doors : the times are forgot of my long 
attendance : nowhere is the loss of a client less. 125 

Moreover (that we may not flatter ourselves) what business or what 
merit for a poor man is here ? if a client takes care to run by night, 
when the prsetor hurries his lictor, and orders him 
to go quick, the childless patrons being long ago awake, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 23 

Ne prior Albinam et Modiam collega salutet? 130 

Divitis hie servi claudit latus ingenuorum 

Filius : alter enim, quantum in legione Tribuni 

Accipiunt, donat Calvinse vel Catienee^ 

Ut semel atque iterum super illam palpitet : at tu^ 

Cum tibi vestiti fades scorti placet, haeres^ 135 

Et dubitas alta Chionem deducere sella. 

Da testem Romse tarn sanctum quam fuit hospes 
Numinis Ideei : procedat vel Numa^ vel qui 
Servavit trepidam flagranti ex sede Minervam : 
Protinus ad censum : de moribus ultima net 140 

Qusestio : quot pascit servos ? quot possidet agri 
Jugera ? quam multa magnaque paropside ccenat ? 
Quantum quisque sua nummorum servat in area, 
Tantum habet et fidel. Jures licet et Samothracum^ 
Et nostrorum aras^ contemnere fulmina pauper 145 
Creditur, atque Deos,, Dis ignoscentibus ipsis. 

Quid; quod materiam praebet causasque jocorum 
Omnibus hie idem^ si foeda et scissa lacerna, 
Si toga sordidula est^ et rupta calceus alter 
Pelle patet: vel si^ consuto vulnere^ crassum 150 

Atque recens linum ostendit non una cicatrix ? 

lest his colleague first salute Albina or Modia ? 130 

Here the son of a rich slave takes the wall of the freeborn : 

for, as much as Tribunes receive in their legion, 

another gives to Calvina or Catiena, 

that he may pant upon her once and again : but as to you, 

when the face of a masked harlot pleases, you stick close to her, 135 

and hesitate to hand Chione from her high chair. 

Produce a witness at Rome as holy as was the host 
of the Idaean deity : let either Numa advance, or he who 
rescued trembling Minerva from the burning temple : 
forthwith to his estate : the last question shall be concerning his morals : 
how many servants does he feed ? how many acres of land 141 

does he possess ? from how many and how large dishes does he sup ? 
As much money as any one keeps in his chest, he has also 
so much credit. Though you swear by the altars both of the Samothracians 
and our own, the poor man is believed to contemn thunder-bolts 145 
and the gods, the gods themselves forgiving him. 
Why allege, that this same man affords materials and causes of jests 
to all, if his surtout is dirty and tattered, 
if his gown is a little soiled, and one shoe gapes 

with a torn upper-leather : or if, when the rent is stitched up, 150 

not one seam alone shews the coarse and fresh thread ? 



24 JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 

Nil habet infellx paupertas durius in se, 

Quam quod ridicules homines facit. Exeat^ inquit, 

Si pudor est, et de pulvino surgat equestri^ 

Cujus res leg! non sufficit^ et sedeant hie 155 

Lenonum pueri quocumque in fornice nati : 

Hie plaudat nitidi praeconis filius inter 

Pinnirapi cultos juvenes^ juvenesque lanistse. 

Sic libitum vano^ qui nos distinxit^ Othoni. 

Quis gener hie placuit censu minor, atque puellee 
Sarcinulis impar ? quis pauper scribitur hseres? 161 

Quando in consilio est JEdilibus ? agmine facto 
Debuerant olim tenues migrasse Quirites. 

HaudfaciU emergunt, quorum virtutibus obstat 
Res august a do ml ; sed Romee durior illis 165 

Conatus : magno hospitium miserabile^ magno 
Servorum ventres^ et frugi coenula magno. 
Fictilibus ccenare pudet, quod turpe negavit 
Translatus subito ad Marsos, mensamque Sabellarn, 
Contentusque illic Veneto duroque cucullo. 170 

Pars magna Italiae est^ si verum admittimus^ in qua 
Nemo togam sumit nisi mortuus. Ipsa dierum 
Festorum herboso colitur si quando theatro 

Unhappy poverty 7ias nothing harder in itself, 

than that it renders men ridiculous. * Let him go out,' says the man, 

1 if he has any shame, and arise from the equestrian cushion, 

whose estate cannot satisfy the law, and here let sit 155 

the sons of bawds, in whatever brothel born. 

Here let the son of a dashing auctioneer give his plaudit among 

the well-dressed sons of a gladiator, and the youths of a fencing-master.' 

So it pleased vain Otho, who thus distinguished us. 

What son-in-law, inferior in estate, and unequal to the bags 160 

of his girl, hath here given satisfaction ? what poor man is inscribed an heir ? 
when is he in council with the ^Ediles ? In a collective body 
the indigent Romans ought long ago to have withdrawn. 

Not easily do they rise, whose virtues a narrow 
fortune at home opposes : but at Rome the more difficult to them 165 
is the attempt : a wretched lodging is at a great rent, the bellies 
of servants at a great sum, and a frugal little supper at a great price. 
It shames us to sup out of earthen dishes, which a certain one denied 
to be disgraceful, when removed suddenly to the Marsians and Sabine- 
and was contented there with a Venetian and coarse hood. [table, 

There is a great part of Italy, if we admit the truth, in which 171 

nobody appears in a toga unless dead. If at any time 
the majesty itself of festival days is celebrated on the grassy theatre : 



JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 25 

Majestas : tandemque redit ad pulpita notum 
Exodium^ cum personee pallentis hiatum 175 

In gremio matris formidat rusticus infans : 
^Equales habitus illic^ similemque videbis 
Orchestram et populum ; clari velamen honoris^ 
Sufficiunt tunicse summis ^Edilibus albae. 
Hie ultra vires habitus nitor: hie aliquid plus 180 

Quam satis est ; interdum aliena sumitur area. 
Commune id vitium est : Hie vivimus ambitiosd 
Paupertate omnes : quid te moror ? Omnia Romce 
Cum pretio. Quid das,, ut Cossum aliquando salutes ? 
Ut te respiciat clauso Veiento labello ? 185 

Ille metit barbanx, crinem hie deponit amati : 
Plena domus libis venalibus. Accipe, et illud 
Fermentum tibi habe : preestare tributa clientes 
Cogimur^ et cultis augere peculia servis. 

Quis timet aut timuit gelida Prseneste ruinam; 190 
Aut positis nemorosa inter juga Volsiniis^ aut 
Simplicibus Gabiis,, aut proni Tiburis arce ? 
Nos urbem colimus tenui tibieine fultam 
Magna parte sui : nam sic labentibus obstat 
VillicuSj et veteris rimee contexit hiatum ; 195 

and at length the well-known farce is resumed upon the stages, 
when the country infant, in the bosom of his mother, 175 

shudders at the gaping mouth of the squalid actor : 
you will there see dresses all alike, and 

the nobility and people the same : the clothing of renowned honour, 
white vestments, are sufficient for the highest ^Ediles. 
Here is splendor of dress beyond our means : here is something more 
than sufficient ; sometimes it is taken out of another's chest. 181 

That is a common vice : Here we all live in ambitious 
poverty : why do I detain you ? all things at Rome are 
for a price. What do you give, that sometimes you may salute Cossus ? 
that Veiento might throw an eye upon you, his lip being closed ? 185 

This man shaves the beard, that consecrates the hair of a favourite : 
the house is full of cakes to sell : take and keep 

to yourself that sour leaven : we clients are compelled to pay tributes, 
and to increase the vails to sleek-skinned servants. 

Who dreads or hath dreaded a ruin at cold Prseneste ; 190 

or at Volsinii lying between shady mountains, or 
at innocent Gabii, or at the tower of shelving Tibur ? 
We inhabit a city supported by a slender buttress 
in a great part of it : for thus the steward preserves 
them from falling, and fills up the gaping of the old chasm ; 195 

C 



26 JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 

Securos pendente jubet dormire ruina. 

Vivendum est illie, ubi nulla incendia,, nulli 
Nocte metus : jam poscit aquam^ jam frivola transfer! 
Ucalegon : tabulata tibi jam tertia fumant : 
Tu nescis ; nam si gradibus trepidatur ab imis^ 200 

Ultimus ardebit^ quern tegula sola tuetur 
A pluvia ; molles ubi reddunt ova columbse. 

Lectus erat Codro Procula minor^ urceoli sex^ 
Ornamentum abaci ; nee non et parvulus infra 
Cantharus^ et recubans sub eodem marmore Chiron ; 
Jamque vetus Greecos servabat cista libellos^ 206 

Et divina opici rodebant carmina mures. 
Nil habuit Codrus : quis enim negat ? et tamen illud 
Perdidit infelix totum nil : ultimus autem 
^Erumnse cumulus^ quod nudum et frusta rogantem 
Nemo cum, nemo hospitio tectoque juvabit. 211 

Si magna Asturii cecidit domus^ horrida mater^ 
Pullati proceres^, differt vadimonia Preetor : 
Tunc gemimus casus urbis,, tunc odimus ignem. 
Ardet adhuc ? et jam accurrit qui marmora donet, 215 
Conferat impensas : hie nuda et Candida signa ; 
Hie aliquid prseclarum Euphranoris et Polycleti ; 

he orders us to sleep secure, while destruction hangs over us. 

Let us live there where there are no burnings, no alarms 
by night : already Ucalegon cries out for water, already he moves off 
his lumber ; already your third stories smoke : 

you do not know it ; for if there is an alarm in the ground-floors, 200 
the garret will blaze, which the tile -roof alone defends 
from the rain ; where the soft pigeons lay their eggs. 

To Codrus belonged a bed shorter than his Procula ; six little pitchers, 
the ornament of his cupboard ; and also beneath a little 
cup, and a Chiron lying under the same marble ; 205 

at this time too an old chest held his Greek books, 
and barbarous mice gnawed his divine verses. 
Codrus had nothing : for who denies it ? and yet, 
unhappy man, he lost the whole of that nothing : but the last 
addition of his woe is, that, whilst naked and begging crusts, 210 

no one will assist him with bread, no one with lodging or a house. 

If the mighty house of Asturius fall, the mother is horror - stricken, 
the nobles in mourning, the Praetor adjourns the courts of justice : 
then we lament the misfortunes of the city, then we abhor Are. 
Burns it still? and now runs one who may present his marbles, 215 

reckon the expenses : this, his naked and white statues : 
this, some illustrious piece of Euphranor and Polycletus ; 



JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 27 

Haec Asianorum vetera ornamenta Deorum ; 
Hie libros dabit et forulos,, mediamque Minervam ; 
Hie modium argent! : meliora ac plura reponit 220 

Persicus orborum lautissimuSj et merito jam 
Suspectus^ tanquam ipse suas incenderit sedes. 

Si potes avelli Circensibus^ optima Sorse 
Aut Fabrateria* domus^ aut Frusinone paratur^ 
Quanti nunc tenebras unum condueis in annum : 225 
Hortulus hie ; puteusque brevis, nee reste movendus, 
In tenues plantas facili difFunditur haustu. 
Vive bidentis amans,, et culti villicus horti, 
Unde epulum possls centum dare Pythagoraeis. 
Est aliquid quocunque loco^ quocunque recessu^ 230 
Unius sese dominum fecisse lacertse. 

Plurimus hie teger moritur vigilando : sed ilium 
Languorem peperit cibus imperfectus^ et heerens 
Ardenti stomacho ; nam quee meritoria somnum 
Admittunt? magnis opibus dormitur inurbe. 235 

Inde caput morbi : rhedarum transitus arcto 
Vicorum inflexu, et stantis eonvicia mandnje 
Eripiunt somnum Druso^ vitulisque marinis. 

Si vocat officiunx, turba cedente vehetur 

this woman, the ancient ornaments of the Asiatic Gods ; 
this man will give books and book -cases, and Minerva to the waist ; 
this, a bushel of silver: better things, and more, does Persicus, 220 

the richest of the childless, lay up, and now he is deservedly 
suspected, as if he himself had consumed his own house. 

If you can be forced from the Circensian games, a very good house 
is purchased at Sora, or at Fabrateria, or at Frusino, 
for as much as you now hire dark cells for one year : 223 

here is a little garden ; and a shallow well, not to be drawn by a rope, 
is poured over the tender plants with an easy draught. 
Live a lover of the fork, and the farmer of a cultivated garden, 
whence you may provide a banquet for a hundred Pythagoreans. 
It is something, in any place, in any retirement, 230 

to have made one's self a master of one lizard of ground. 

Here many a sick man dies by being kept awake : but 
food has engendered that languor, by being indigested, and adhering 
to the burning stomach ; for what taverns 

allow repose ? one sleeps in the city at a great expense. 23 .> 

Hence the source of disease : the passing of chariots in a narrow 
turning of the streets, and the brawlings of the tardy team -driver, 
take away sleep from Drusus, and the sea-calves. 

If business calls, the rich man shall be carried along, the rabble 

c 2 



28 JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 

Dives,, et ingenti curret super ora Liburno^ 240 

Atque obiter leget, aut scribet, aut dormiet intus ; 
Nam que facit somnum clausa lectica fenestra. 
Ante tamen veniet : nobis properantibus obstat 
U nda prior ; magno populus premit agmine lumbos 
Qui sequitur ; ferit hie cubito,, ferit assere duro 245 
Alter ; at hie tignum capiti incutit, ille metretam. 
Pinguia crura luto : planta mox undique magna 
Calcor^ et in digito clavus mihi militis heeret. 

Nonne rides quanto celebretur sportula fumo ? 
Centum con vivse ; sequitur sua quem que cuhna: 250 
Corbulo vix ferret tot vasa ingentia^ tot res 
Impositas capita quot recto vertice portat 
Servulus infelix ; et cursu ventilat ignem. 
Scinduntur tunicee sartas : modb longa coruscat 
SaiTaco veniente abies,, atque altera pinum 255 

Plaustra vehunt, natant alte^ populoque minantur. 
Nam si proeubuit, qui saxa Ligustica portat 
Axis^ et ever sum fudit super agmina montem, 
Quid superest de corporibus ? quis membra^ quis ossa 
Invenit ? obtritum vulgi perit omne cadaver^ 260 

More animse. Domus interea secura patellas 

giving way, and lie shall pass above our heads on a tall Liburnian, 240 

and all the way will read, or write, or sleep within ; 

for the window being shut his chair induceth sleep. 

Yet he will come before us : the multitude before retards us 

as we hurry on ; the people who follow in a great crowd press our sides : 

this strikes with his elbow, another strikes with his hard pole ; 245 

but this one pushes a beam against my head, that one a tub. 

The legs are plastered with mud : afterwards on every side 

I am trod on by a large foot, and the hobnail of a soldier sticks in my toe. 

Do you not see with what a smoke the dole is celebrated ? 
a hundred guests : his own kitchen follows every one : 250 

Corbulo could scarcely carry so many large vessels, so many things, 
put on his head, as many an unhappy servant carries 
with an erect front ; and fans the fire in his course. 
His botched clothes are torn : sometimes a long fir brandishes 
in a waggon coming along, and other drays 255 

carry a pine, nodding aloft, and threaten the people. 
For if the axle-tree that carries the Ligurian stones 
should break, and pour the mountain overturned upon the crowds, 
what remains of their bodies ? who can find the limbs, who the bones ? 
Every mashed carcase of the vulgar perishes, after the manner 260 

of the soul. Meanwhile the family secure now wash the plates, 






JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 29 

Jam lavat, et bucca foculum excitat, et sonat unctis 

Strigilibus^ et pleno componit lintea gutto. 

Hddc inter pueros varie properantur : at ille 

Jam sedet in ripa^ tetrumque novitius horret 265 

Porthmea ; nee sperat coenosi gurgitis alnum 

Infelix^ nee habet quern porrigat ore trientem. 

Respice nunc alia ac diversa pericula noctis : 
Quod spatium tectis sublimibus, unde cerebrum 
Testa ferity quo ties rimosa et curta fenestris 270 

Vasa caduntj quanto percussum pondere signent 
Et leedant silicem : possis ignavus haberi^ 
Et subiti casus improvidus^ ad coenam si 
Intestatus eas : adeo tot fata quot ilia 
Nocte patent vigiles,, te praetereunte,, fenestrse. 275 

Ergo optesj votumque feras miserabile tecum, 
Ut sint contents* patulas effundere pelves. 

Ebrius ac petulans, qui nullum forte cecidit, 
Dat pcenasj noctem patitur lugentis amicum 
Pelidae,, cubat in faciem, mox deinde supinus : 280 

Ergo non aliter poterit dormire : Quibusdam 
Somnum rixa facit : sed quamvis improbus annis, 
Atque mero fervens^ cavet hunc quern coccina lsena 

and blow the fire with, the cheek, and make a noise with the oiled 

scrapers, and put in order the napkins with a full horn of oil. 

These variously are hastened among the servants : but he 

now sits on the banks of Styx, and a novice -ghost trembles at grim 265 

Porthmeus ; nor, unhappy, does he hope for the boat of the muddy lake ; 

nor has he in his mouth the farthing that he should pay. 

Consider now other and different dangers of the night : 
what height to lofty roefs, whence a potsherd strikes 
your head, how often the cracked and broken vessels 270 

fall from the windows, with what weight they mark 
and damage the struck pavement : you would be accounted indolent, 
and unprepared for a sudden accident, if you should go out to supper 
intestate ; there being as many mishaps as 

wakeful windows are open in the night, when you pass along. 275 

Therefore you may wish, and carry off the miserable hope with you, 
that they may be contented with emptying large water- vessels. 

One being drunk and saucy, who by chance has killed nobody, 
feels a punishment, suffers a night of Pelides lamenting 
his friend ; he lies on his face, then presently on his back : 280 

therefore he cannot otherwise sleep : to some 

a quarrel induceth sleep : but although heated with youthful years 
and inflamed with wine, he avoids him whom the purple robe 



30 JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 

Vitari jubet, et comitum longissimus ordo ; 

Multum preeterea flammarum, atque senea lampas. 285 

Me^ quern luna solet deducere, vel breve lumen 

Candelse^ cujus dispenso et tempero filum^ 

Contemnlt. Miserse cognosce prooemia rixee^ 

Si rixa est, ubi tu pulsas, ego vapulo tantum. 

Stat contra^ starique jubet ! parere necesse est; 290 

Nam quid agas,, cum te furiosus cogat, et idem 

Fortior ? Unde venis ? exclamat : cujus aceto, 

Cujus conche tumes ? quis tecum sectile porrum 

Sutor,, et elixi vervecis labra comedit ? 

Nil mihi respondes ? aut dic^ aut accipe calcem : 295 

Ede ubi consistas : in qua te qusero proseucha ? 

Dicere si tentes aliquid^ tacitusve recedas^ 

Tantundem est : feriunt pariter : vadimonia deinde 

Irati faciunt. Libertas pauperis hsec est : 

Pulsatus rogat^ et pugnis concisus adorat 300 

Ut liceat paucis cum dentibus inde reverti. 

Nee tamen hoc tantum metuas : nam qui spoliet te 
Non deerit, clausis domibus, postquam omnis ubique 
Fixa catenatse siluit compago tabernee. 
Interdum et ferro subitus grassator agit rem^ 305 

orders to be avoided, and a very long train of attendants ; 

besides a blaze of flambeaux, and a brazen lamp. 285 

Me, whom the moon is wont to guide home, or the scanty light 

of a candle whose wick I husband and manage, 

he heartily despises. Know the preludes of this miserable fray, 

if it is a fray, where you deal blows, I only am beaten. 

He stands before you, and bids you stop : it is necessary to obey ; 290 

for what can you do, when a madman compels you, and the same 

is stronger ? ' Whence come you ? ' he exclaims ; ' with whose vinegar, 

with whose bean-shell are you bloated? what cobbler eats 

a chopped leek with you, and the lips of a boiled sheep ? 

answer you nothing to me ? either speak or take a kick : 295 

say where you dwell : in what temple -porch must I seek you? ' 

If you attempt to say any thing, or draw off in silence, 

it is the same case : they strike equally in both : afterwards being enraged 

they swear the peace against you. This is the liberty of the poor man : 

being drubbed he asks pardon, and bruised with fisty-cuffs begs hard 3G0 

that he may be allowed to return thence with a few teeth. 

Yet neither must you fear this only : for there will not be wanting one 
who will rob you, when the houses are shut up, after everywhere 
every bolt of the chained shop being fastened is silent. 304 

Sometimes too a sudden street-robber does your business with his dagger, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA III. 31 

Armato quoties tutee custode tenentur 

Et Pontina palus^ et Gallinaria pinus.' 

Sic hide hue omnes tanquam ad vivaria currunt. 

Qua fornace graves,, qua non incude catenae ? 

Maximus in vinclis ferri modus^ ut timeas ne 310 

Vomer deficiat, ne marree et sarcula desint. 

Felices proavorum atavos^ felicia dicas 
Secula,, quae quondam sub regibus atque tribunis 
Viderunt uno contentam carcere Romam. 

His alias poteram et plures subnectere causas : 315 
Sed juinenta vocant, et sol inclinat ; eundum est : 
Nam mihi commota jamdudum muho virga 
Innuit : ergo vale nostri memor ; et quoties te 
Roma tuo refici properantem reddet Aquino^ 
Me quoque ad Helvinam Cererem vestramque Dianam 
Convelle a Cumis : satirarum ego,, ni pudet illas, 321 
Adjutor gelidos veniam caligatus in agros. 

when by an armed guard are kept safe 

both the Pontine fen and the Gallinarian wood. 

Thus all run thence hither as to their home. 

In what forge, on what anvil, are not heavy chains made? 309 

Such a great quantity of iron is used in fetters, that you may dread lest 

a plough-share should fail, lest mattocks and rakes should be wanting. 

You may pronounce the ancestors of our great-grandfathers happy, 
the ages happy, that formerly, under their kings and tribunes, 
saw Rome contented with one prison. 

To these I could subjoin other and more reasons : 315 

but the team calls me, and the sun goes down ; I must be gone : 
for long ago the mule -driver beckoned me by cracking his whip : 
therefore farewell you who are mindful of us ; and as often as 
Rome shall restore you hastening to be re -invigorated to your Aquinum, 
draw me also from Cumse to Helvine Ceres, and your Diana : 320 

as a ready assistant of your satires, unless they are ashamed of me, 
will I come into your cool fields. 



SATIRA IV. 

CRISPINUS ET DOMITIANUS. 



Ecce iterum Crispinus ! (et est mihi saepe vocandus 
Ad partes ;) monstrum nulla virtute red emp turn 
A vitiisj seger^ solaque libidine fortis : 
Delicias viduse tantum aspernatur adulter. 

Quid refert igitur quantis jumenta fatiget 5 

Porticibus^ quanta nemorum vectetur in umbra^ 
Jugera quot vicina foro^ quas emerit eedes ? 
Nemo mains felix ; minime corrupter^ et idem 
IncestuSj cum quo nuper vittata jacebat 
Sanguine adhuc vivo terram subitura sacerdos. 10 

Sed nunc de factis levioribus : et tamen alter 
Si fecisset idem, caderet sub judice morum. 
Nam quod turpe bonis^ Titio^ Seioque^ decebat 
Crispinum : quid agas^ ciim dira et foedior omni 
Crimine persona est? mullum sex millibus emh% 15 
iEquantem sane paribus sestertia libris^ 
Ut perhibentj qui de magnis majora loquuntur. 
Consilium laudo artificis^ si munere tanto 
Prsecipuam in tabulis ceram senis abstulit orbi. 

Behold once more Crispinus ! (and he is frequently to be called by me 
to his part ;) a monster redeemed from vices by no one virtue, 
feeble, and strong in lust alone : 
the adulterer that despises only the charms of a widow. 

What matters it then in what large porticoes he fatigues his mules, 5 
in how large a shade of groves he is carried, 

how many acres adjoining the forum, what houses he has purchased ? 
No ivicked man is happy ; least of all the debaucher, and the same 
incestuous, with whom lately the veiled priestess lay, 
who was doomed to go under ground with her blood as yet alive. 10 

But now of his lighter deeds ; and yet if another 
had done the same, he would fall under the censor of manners. 
For what is shameful to the good, to Titius, and to Seius, became 
Crispinus ; what can you do, when the person is horrible, and fouler 
than every crime ? He bought a barbel for six thousand pieces, 15 

truly equalling the sesterces to the like number of pounds, 
as they give out who of great things talk greater. 
I commend the design of the contriver, if by so great a present 
he obtained the chief seal in the will of a childless old man. 



JUVENILIS SATIRA IV. SS 

Est ratio ulterior^ magnse si misit arnica^ 20 

Quae vehitur clauso latis specularibus antro. 

Nil tale expectes : emit sibi : multa videmuSj 

Quae miser et frugi non' fecit Apicius : hoc tu 

Succinctus patria quondam, Crispine, papyro. 

Hoc pretium squamse ? potuit fortasse minoris 25 

Piscator quam piscis emi. Provincia tanti 

Vendit agros, sed majores Apulia vendit. 

Quales tunc epulas ipsum glutisse putemus 
Induperatorem ? cum tot sestertia,, partem 
Exiguam, et modicie sumptam de margine coenae, 30 
Purpureus magni ructarit scurra Palati, 
Jam princeps equitum, magna qui voce solebat 
Vendere municipes pacta de merce siluros ? 

Incipe Calliope, licet hie considere : non est 
Cantandum, res vera agitur : narrate puellae 35 

Pierides : prosit mihi vos dixisse pueUas. 

Cum jam semianimum laceraret Flavius orbem 
UltimuSj et calvo serviret Roma Neroni ; 
Incidit Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi, 
Ante domum Veneris^ quam Dorica sustinet Ancon, 40 
Imple^tque sinus : neque enim minor haeserat illis 

There is a further reason, if he sent it to a splendid courtezan, 20 

who is carried in her close chair with broad windows. 

You must expect no such thing : he bought it for himself: we see 

many things which the miserable and frugal Apicius did not do : this you, 

Crispinus, do, once wrapped in your own native papyrus. 

Is this the price of a scale ? perhaps the fisherman might 25 

have been bought for less than the fish. A province 

sells estates for so much : but Apulia sells still greater. 

What entertainments then can we think the emperor himself devoured, 
when so many sesterces (being a small part, , 

and taken from the mere edge of a moderate supper,) 30 

the purpled buffoon of the great palace belched up, 
now chief of the knights, who with a loud voice was wont 
to sell his native sprats from the refuse of the market ? 

Begin, Calliope, let us here sit down together : you must not 
sing : a real fact is the theme : relate it, 35 

ye Pierian maids : let it avail me to have called you maids. 

When now the last Flavius was tearing the expiring world, 
and Rome was enslaved to a bald-pate Nero ; 
a wonderful size of an Adriatic turbot fell into the net, 
before the temple of Venus, which Doric Ancon upholds, 40 

and filled the bows of it : nor indeed was a less one entangled than those 

c 5 



34 JUVENALIS SATIRA IV. 

Quos opfcrit glacies Meeotica^ ruptaque tandem 
Solibus effundit torpentis ad ostia Ponti^ 
Desidia tardos^ et longo frigore pingues. 

Destinat hoc monstrum cymbae Unique magister 45 
Pontifici summo : quis enim proponere talera, 
Aut emere auderet ? cum plena et littora multo 
Delatore forent : dispersi protiniis algce 
Inquisitores agerent cum remige nudo ; 
Non dubitaturi fugitivum dicere piscenx, 50 

Depastumque diu vivaria Ceesaris, inde 
Elapsum, veterem ad dominum debere reverti. 
Si quid Palphurio^ si credimus Armillato^ 
Quicquid conspicuum pulchrumque est eequore toto,, 
Res fisci est, ubicunque natat : donabitur ergo^ 55 

Ne pereat, jam lethifero cedente pruinis 
Autumno, jam quartanam sperantibus eegris. 

Stridebat deformis hyems,, prsedamque recentem 
Servabat : tamen hie properat^ velut urgeat Auster : 
Utque lacus suberantj, ubi^ quanquam diruta^ servat 60 
Ignem Trojanum^ et Vestam coht Alba minorem^ 
Obstitit intrant! miratrix turba parumper : 
Ut cessitj facili patuerunt cardine valvee : 

which the Moeotic ice covers, and, being melted at length 

by the solar rays, pours forth at the mouth of the slow Pontic sea, 

tardy from sluggishness, and fattened during long cold. 

The master of the boat and net designs this monster 45 

for the high priest ; for who durst offer such for sale, 
or purchase it ? when even the shores were full with many 
an informer ; immediately those searchers of the sea-weed, 
sent here and there, would dispute it with the ragged boatman ; 
not scrupling to swear the fish a fugitive, 50 

and that it was fed long in the ponds of Caesar, 
that having thence escaped it ought to return to its old master. 
If we give any credit to Palphurius, if any to Armillatus, 
whatever is extraordinary and excellent in the whole ocean, it is 
the property of the treasury, wherever it swims : it shall be presented 55 
then, lest it stink, now the death-bringing autumn is yielding 
to the hoar-frosts, now the sick are expecting a quartan ague. 

Rough winter whistled, and kept the prey fresh : 
nevertheless he hurries as if the south wind pressed : 
and when the lakes were passed over, where Alba, although destroyed, 60 
keeps in the Trojan fire, and worships the lesser Vesta, 
the wondering crowd for some time opposed his entry : 
when they made way, the folding-doors flew open on the easy hinge 



JUVENALIS SATIRA IV. 35 

Exclusi expectant admissa opsonia patres. 

Itur ad Atridem : turn Picens,, Accipe^ dixit; (15 

Privatis majora focis ; genialis agatur 

Iste dies ; propera stomachum laxare saginis^ 

Et tua servatum consume in saecula rhombum. 

Ipse capi volult. Quid apertius ? et tamen illi 

Surgebant crista* ! Nihil est quod credere de se 70 

-Non possit, cum laudatur, dis aqua potestas. 

Sed deerat pisci patinee mensura : vocantur 
Ergo in concilium proceres^ quos oderat ille ; 
In quorum facie miserse magnseque sedebat 
Pallor amicitiae. Primus^ clamante Liburno,, y5 

Currite^ jam sedit; rapta properabat abolla 
Pegasus^ attonitse positus modo villicus urbi. 
Anne aliud tunc PreefectI ? quorum optimus atque 
Interpres legum sanctissimus ; omnia quanquam 
Temporibus diris tractanda putabat inermi 80 

Justitia. Venit et Crispi jucunda senectus, 
Cujus erant mores^ qualis facundia^ mite 
Ingenium : maria ac terras^ populosque regenti 
Quis comes utilior^ si clade et peste sub ilia 
Seevitiam damnare^ et honestum afferre liceret S3 

the fathers being excluded wait the admitted rarities. 

He is gone to Atrides : then the Picenian said, ' Accept $5 

presents too large for private kitchens : let this day be devoted 

to festivity ; hasten to relieve your stomach of its contents, 

and devour the turbot preserved for your reign. 

It wished itself to be caught,' What more fulsome ? and yet his 

crests rose up ! There is nothing that a power made equal to the gods TO 

may not believe of itself \ when it is flattered. 

But the size of a pan was wanting for the fish : 
therefore the senators, whom he hated, are called into council ; 
on whose countenance sat the paleness of a miserable and great 
friendship, A Liburnian slave bawling out, 75 

* Now the president is seated, run ;' Pegasus, snatching his gown, 
being just appointed bailiff to the astonished city, hurried away. 
What then were Prsefects more than bailiffs ? of whom he was the best 
and most devout expounder of the laws ; although he thought all affairs 
in dreadful times should be administered with unarmed H) 

justice. Also the pleasant old age of Crispus came, 
whose manners were as his eloquence, a placid 
disposition. To one governing seas, and lands, and people, 
who teas a more useful companion, if, under that bane and plague, 
he were allowed to condemn cruelty, and to offer honest fc5 



36 JUVENALIS SATIRA IV. 

Consilium ? sed quid violentius aure tyranni, 

Cum quo nimbis^ aut eestibus^ aut pluvioso 

Yere locuturi fatum pendebat amici? 

Ille igitur nunquam direxit brachia contra 

Torrentem : nee civis erat^ qui libera posset 90 

Verba animi proferre^ et vitam impendere vero. 

Sic multas hyemes,, atque octogesima vidit 

Solstitia,, his armis ilia quoque tutus in aula. 

Proximus ejusdem properabat Acilius eevi 
Cum juvene indigno,, quern mors tarn seeva maneret, 95 
Et domini gladiis tarn festinata : sed olim 
Prodigio par est in nobilitate senectus : 
Unde fit, ut malim fraterculus esse gigantum. 
Profuit ergo nihil misero,, quod comimis ursos 
Figebat Numidas^ Albana nudus arena 100 

Venator : quis enim jam non intelligat artes 
Patricias ? quis priscum illud miretur acumen^ 
Brute,, tuum ? facile est barbato imponere regi. 

Nee melior vultu quamvis ignobilis ibat 
RubriuSj offensa* veteris reus^ atque tacendee ; 105 

Et tamen improbior satiram scribente cineedo. 

Montani quoque venter adest^ abdomine tardus : 

counsel ? but what more violent than the ear of a tyrant, 

with whom the fate of a friend, speaking of showers, or heats, 

or rainy spring, depended ? 

He therefore never directed his arms against 

the stream : nor was he a citizen who would speak the free DO 

sentiments of his mind, and hazard his life for the truth. 

Thus he saw many winters, and eighty 

solstices, being by these weapons also protected in that court. 

Acilius, of the same age, hastened next, 
with his young son, undeserving his fate, whom so cruel a death awaited, 
and thus hastened by the sword of the tyrant : but now ,%' 

old age among the nobility is equal to a prodigy : 

whence it comes, that I would rather be a pigmy -brother of the giants. 
Therefore it availed nothing to the miserable youth that, as a naked 
hunter, in the Alban amphitheatre, he stabbed the Numidian bears 100 
in close engagement : for who now may not understand the patrician arts ? 
who can wonder at that ancient subtlety of thine, 
O Brutus ? it is easy to impose upon a bearded king. 

Nor did Rubrius follow more cheerful in countenance, though 
ignoble, being guilty of an old offence, and not to be named ; 105 

and yet more wicked than the debauchee writing a satire. 

The belly of Montanus too advances, unwieldy with his fat paunch : 



JUVENALIS SATIRA IV. 37 

Et matutino sudans Crispinus amomo ; 

Quantum vix redolent duo funera : ssevior illo 

Pompeius tenui jugulos aperire susurro : 110 

Et qui vulturibus servabat viscera Dacis 

FuscuSj marmorea meditatus praelia villa : 

Et cum mortifero prudens Veiento Catullo^ 

Qui nunquam visa* flagrabat amore puellae^ 

Grande et conspicuum nostroquoque tempore monstrum 

Caecus adulator^ dirusque a ponte satelles^ 116 

Dignus Aricinos qui mendicaret ad axes^ 

Blandaque devexse jactaret basia rhedse. 

Nemo magis rhombum stupuit : nam plurima dixit 

In laevum conversus : at illi dextra jacebat 120 

Bellua : sic pugnas Cilicis laudabat, et ictus ; 

Et pegma,, et pueros inde ad velaria raptos. 

Non cedit Veiento ; sed ut fanaticus cestro 
Percussus,, Bellona,, tuo divinat, et Ingens 
Omen habes, inquit, magni clarique triumphi: 125 

Regem aliquem capies,, aut de temone Britanno 
Excidet Arviragiis : peregrina est bellua ; cemis 
Erectas in terga sudes? Hoc defuit unum 
Fabrici6; patriam ut rhombi memoraret, et annos. 

and Crispinus perspiring with the morning's ointment; 

as much as scarcely two funerals use : Pompeius 

more cruel than he to cut throats with a soft whisper : 110 

and Fuscus, who reserved his bowels for Dacian vultures, 

planning out battles in his marble villa : 

and prudent Veiento, with butchering Catullus, 

who burned with the love of a maid never seen hy him, 

a great and remarkable prodigy in our time likewise ! 115 

a blind sycophant, and a direful attendant at a bridge, 

worthy that he should beg at the Arician wheels, 

and throw his blandishing kisses to the descending chariot. 

No one more admired the turbot : for he said many things 

as he turned to the left : but the beast lay on his right-hand : 120 

so he praised the sword-plays, and the strokes of the CiMciaw fencer ; 

and the stage, and boys carried up from thence to the coverings. 

Veiento yields not ; but as a fanatic, 
moved by thy inspiration, O Bellona, he divines, and says, 
* You have a mighty omen of a great and famous triumph : 1 25 

you shall take some king, or from his British chariot 
Arviragus shall fall : it is a foreign beast ; do you observe 
spears darting from its back ? ' This one thing was wanting 
to Fabricius, that he should mention the country of the turbot, and its years. 



38 JUVENALIS SATIRA IV. 

Quidnam igitur censes ? conciditur ? Absit ab illo 130 
Dedecus hoe, Montanus ait : testa alta paretur, 
Quae tenui muro spatiosum colligat orbem ; 
Debetur magnus patinee subitusque Prometheus : 
Argillam atque rotam citius properate : sed ex hoc 
Tempore janx, Caesar^ figuh tua castra sequantur. 135 
Vicit digna viro sententia : noverat ille 
Luxuriam imperii veterein, noctesque Neronis 
Jam mediasj aliamque famem, cum pulmo Falerno 
Arder^t : nulli major fuit usus edendi 
Tempestate mea. Circeis nata forent an 140 

Lucrinum ad saxuin, Rutupinove edita fundo 
Ostrea^ callebat primo deprendere morsu ; 
Et semel aspect! littus dicebat echini. 

Surgitur; et misso proceres exire jubentur 
Concilioj quos Albanam dux magnus in arcem 145 

Traxerat attonitos,, et festinare coactos^ 
Tanquam de Cattis aliquid torvisque Sicambris 
Dicturus ; tanquam diversis partibus orbis 
Anxia prsecipiti venisset epistola penna. 

Atque utinam his potiiis nugis tota ilia dedisset 150 
Tempora saevitise^ claras quibus abstulit urbi 

* What then think you ? must it be cut up ? ' * Be far from it 130 
this disgrace,' Montanus says : * let a deep earthen pan be provided, 
that may contain its large circumference in a thin wall ; 
a huge and expeditious Prometheus is due to the pot : 
hasten quickly the white clay and the wheel : but now 
from this time, Caesar, let potters follow your camp.' 135 

The counsel worthy of the man prevailed : he had known 
the ancient luxury of the empire, and the nights of Nero 
now half-spent, and a new appetite raised, when his lungs 
were heated with Falernian : there was to none a greater habit of eating 
in my time. Whether oysters were produced on the Circsean or 140 

on the Lucrine rock, or dredged for in the Rutupian deep, 
he was skilled enough to discover by the first morsel ; 
and told the shore of a crab but once viewed*. 

He rises ; and the council being dismissed, the nobles are ordered 
to withdraw, whom the great general had summoned 145 

astonished into the Alban tower, and obliged to hasten, 
as if about to say something concerning the Catti 
and the stern Sicambri ; as if from different parts of the world 
an alarming letter had arrived on swift wing. 

And I would rather he had dedicated to these trifles all those 150 

times of cruelty, in which he cut off from the city famous 



JUVENALIS SATIRA IV. 39 

Illustresque animas impune, et vindice nullo. 
Sed periit postquam cerdonibus esse timendus 
Coeperat : hoc nocuit Lamiarum csede madenti. 

and illustrious souls with impunity, and without any avenger. 
But he perished after he began to be dreaded by the rabble : 
this was fatal to him reeking with the blood of the Lamiae. 



SATIRA V. 

AD TREBIUMj DE PARASITIS. 



Si te propositi nondum pudet, atqua eadem est mens^ 
Ut bona summa putes aliena vivere quadra ; 
Si potes ilia patr, quae nee Sarmentus iniquas 
Ceesaris ad mensas,, nee vilis Galba tulisset^ 
Quamvis jurato metuam tibi credere testi. 5 

Ventre nihil novl f rug alius : hoc tamen ipsum 
Defecisse puta, quod inani sufficit alvo : 
Nulla crepido vacat ? nusquam pons^ et tegetis pars 
Dimidia brevior? tantine injuria coense? 
Tarn jejuna fames^ ciim possis honestius illic 10 

Et tremere^ et sordes farris mordere canini ? 

Primo fige loco,, quod tu discumbere jussus 
Mercedem solidam veterum capis officiorum : 
Fructus amicitise magnse cibus : imputat hunc rex^ 
Et quamvis rarum, tamen imputat. Ergo duos post 15 
Si libuit menses neglectum adhibere clientem, 
Tertia ne vacuo cessaret culcita lecto, 
Una simus^ ait : votorum summa ; quid ultra 
Quasris ? habet Trebius^ propter quod rumpere somnum 

If you are not yet ashamed of your purpose, and your mind is the same, 
that you think it your chief happiness to live at another's table ; 
if you can bear those affronts, which neither Sarmentus 
nor the vile Galba could endure at the iniquitous tables of Caesar, 
I should be afraid to believe you, though a sworn witness. 5 

I know nothing more frugal than the belly ; yet suppose that itself 
to be wanting which satisfies the empty belly : 

is there no hole unoccupied ? nowhere a bridge, and part of an old mat 
too short by half ? is the reproach of a supper of such value ? 
is hunger so craving, when you could more honourably there 10 

both tremble for cold, and eat the refuse of dog's bread ? 

Determine it in the first place, that you, being ordered to sit down, 
take the solid reward of your old services : 

a meal is the fruit of great friendship : the patron considers this, 
and, though rare, yet he considers it. Therefore, if after 15 

two months he was pleased to invite his neglected client, 
lest a third pillow should lie idle on an empty couch, 
he says, ' Let us be together :' it is the height of your wishes ; what 
seek you further ? Trebius has that for which he ought to break his sleep, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA V. 41 

Debeat, et ligulas dimittere ; solicitus ne 20 

Tota salutatrix jam turba peregerit orbem 
Sideribus dubiis,, aut illo tempore quo se 
Frigida circumagunt pigri sarraca Bootse. 

Qualis coena tamen ? vinum quod succida nolit 
Lana pati : de conviva Corybanta videbis. 25 

Jurgia proludunt : sed mox et pocula torques 
Saucius^ et rubra deterges vulnera mappa ; 
Inter vos quoties libertorumque cohortem 
Pugna Saguntina fervet commissa lagena ? 

Ipse capillato difrusum Consule potato 30 

Calcatamque tenet bellis socialibus uvam^ 
Cardiaco nunquam cyathum missurus amico. 
Cras bibet Albanis aliquid de montibus,, aut de 
Setinisj cujus patriam titulumque senectus 
Delevit multa veteris fuligine testae : 35 

Quale coronati Thrasea Helvidiusque bibebant 
Brutorum et Cassi natalibus. Ipse capaces 
Heliadum crustas,, et insequales beryllo 
Yirro tenet phialas : tibi non committitur aurum : 
Vel si quando datur, custos affixus ibidem, 40 

Qui numeret gemmas, unguesque observet acutos. 

and to leave untied his garters ; solicitous lest 90 

already the whole complimenting crowd should have finished the circle 
by the dubious stars, or at that time in which 
the cold wains of slow Bootes move themselves round. 

But what kind of a supper ? the wine which the greasy 
wool would not bear : you shall see a Corybant of a guest. 25 

Brawlings begin the fray : but presently also wounded you throw 
the cups, and wipe the wounds with a blood-red napkin ; 
as between you and a troop of freedmen 
the pitched battle rages with Saguntine stone -pots ? 

He himself drinks the wine racked off when our Consul wore long hair, 
and holds the grape pressed in the social wars, • 31 

never ready to send a glass to his heart-sick friend. 
To-morrow he will drink some from the Alban hills, or from 
the Setian, whose country and title the age 

of the old cask hath defaced with much mouldiness : 35 

such as Thrasea and Helvidius, crowned with flowers, quaffed 
on the birth-days of the Brutii and Cassius. The large 
amber cups of the Heliades, and the phials embossed with beryl, 
Virro himself holds : to you a golden cup is not entrusted : 
or if at any time it is given, a guard is fixed there, 40 

that he may count the gems, and watch your sharp nails. 



42 JUVENALIS SATIRA V. 

Da veniam ; preeelara illic laudatur iaspis ; 

Nam Virro, ut multi, gemmas ad pocula transfert 

A digitis ; quas in vaginee fronte solebat 

Ponere zelotypo juvenis preelatus Hiarbse. 45 

Tu Beneventanl s uteris nomen habentem 

Siccabis calicem nasorum quatuor, ac jam 

Quassatum, et rupto poscentem sulphura vitro. 

Si stomachus dominl fervet vinove cibove, 
Frigidior Geticis petitur decocta pruinis. 50 

Non eadem vobis poni modo vina querebar ? 
Vos aliam potatis aquam : tibi pocula cursor 
Gsetulus dabit, aut nigri manus ossea Mauri, 
Et cui per mediam nolis occurrere noctem, 
Clivosee veheris dum per monumenta Latinse. 55 

Flos Asise ante ipsum, pretio majore paratus, 
Gluam fuit et Tulli census pugnacis, et Anci : 
Et, ne te teneam, Romanorum omnia regum 
Frivola. Quod cum ita sit, tu Geetulum Ganymedem 
Respice, cum sities : nescit tot millibus emptus 60 

Pauperibus miscere puer : sed forma, sed eetas 
Digna supercilio. Quando ad te pervenit ille ? 
Quando vocatus adest calidee gelideeve minister ? 

Grant him pardon ; there a precious jasper is praised ; 

for Virro, as many do, transfers the gems 

from his fingers to his cups ; which the youth, preferred 

to jealous Hiarbas, used to place on the front of his scabbard. 45 

You shall drain the cup of four ears, having on it 

the name of the Beneventine cobbler, and now 

shattered, and demanding brimstone -matches for the broken glass. 

If the stomach of the patron is overheated either with wine or food, 
boiled water is called for colder than Getic hoar-frosts. 50 

Did I complain just now that not the same wines were set before you ? 
You even drink different water. A Gsetulian waiter 
shall give you the cups, or the bony hand of a swarthy Moor, 
and whom you would be unwilling to meet in the middle of the night, 
while you are carried through the monuments of the steep Latian way. 
The flower of Asia is before him, being purchased at a greater price 56 
than was the estate both of the warlike Tullius and Ancus : 
and, that I may not detain you, all the trifling effects of the Roman kings. 
When it is thus, do you look about upon the Gaetulian Ganymede, 
when you thirst : the boy, bought for so many thousands, 60 

knows not how to mix cups for poor visitors : but his person, but his age 
are worthy his disdain. When does he attend to you ? 
when, being called, does he attend the server of hot or cold water ? 



JUVENALIS SATIRA V, 43 

Gluippe indignatur veteri parere clienti ; 

Quodque aliquid poscas,, et quod se stante recumbas. 65 

Maxima quceque domus servis est plena super bis. 

Ecce alius quanto porrexit murmure panem 
Vix fractunx, solidse jam mucida frusta faring 
Quae genuinum agitent, non admittentia morsurn. 
Sed tener et niveus^ mollique siligine factus^ 70 

Servatur domino : dextram cohibere memento : 
Salva sit artoptie reverentia : finge tamen te 
Improbulum ; superest illic qui ponere cogat. 
Vin 3 tu consuetiSj audax conviva,, canistris 
Impleii, panisque tui novisse colorem ? 75 

Scilicet hoc fuerat propter quod saepe relicta 
Conjuge,, per montem adversum gelidasque cucurri 
EsquiliaSj fremeret saeva cum grandine vermis 
Jupiter^ et multo stillaret penula nimbo. 

Aspice quam longo distendat pectore lanceim 80 

Quae fertur domino,, squilla ; et quibus undique septa 
AsparagiSj qua despiciat convivia cauda, 
Ciim venit excels! manibus sublata ministri. 
Sed tibi dimidio constrictus cammarus ovo 
Poniturj exigua feralis coena patella. 85 

for he grumbles to obey an old dependent ; and that 

you should ask him any thing, or that you should sit while he stands. 65 

Evert/ great house is full of haughty servants. 

Behold with what grumbling another held out bread 
with difficulty broken, the crusts of the solid meal being already mouldy, 
which not admitting a bite must strain your grinders. 
But the soft and white, and that made of the finest flour, 70 

is served up to the patron : remember to keep off your right hand : 
let reverence be paid to the butler : yet suppose yourself 
somewhat dishonest ; there is one there who compels you to lay it down. 
Impudent guest, won't you be crammed from your usual baskets, 
and know the colour of your own bread ? 75 

Truly it was this for which, having often left 
my wife, I ran over the steep hill, and the cold 
Esquilise, when the vernal air rattled with cruel hail, 
and my short coat dropped with heavy rain. 

Behold with what a long breast the lobster fills the dish, 80 

which is brought for your master ; and with what asparagus 
surrounded on every side, with what a tail he can despise the banquets, 
when he comes borne aloft by the hands of a tall servant, 
But to you a crab beat up with half an egg^ 
a supper for the dead, is served up on a small platter. 8o 



44 JUVENALIS SATIRA V. 

Ipse Venafrano piscem perfundit : at hie qui 

Pallidus offertur misero tibi caulis^ olebit 

Laternam ; illud enim vestris datur alveolis^ quod 

Canna Micipsarum prora subvexit acuta ; 

Propter quod Romse cum Bocchare nemo lavatur ; 90 

Quod tutos etiam facit a serpentibus Afros. 

Mullus erit domino,, quern misit Corsica^ vel quern 
Taurominitanee rupes^ quando omne peractum est 
Et jam defecit nostrum mare ; dum gula ssevit^ 
Retibus assiduis penitus scrutante macello 95 

Proxima ; nee patitur Tyrrhenum crescere piscem : 
Instruit ergo focum provincia : sumitur illinc 
Quod captator emat Lenas^ Aurelia vendat. 

Virroni mursena datur, quee maxima venit 
Gurgite de Siculo : nam dum se continet Auster^ 100 
Dum sedet, et siccat madidas in carcere pennas,, 
Contemnunt mediam temeraria lina Charybdim. 
Vos anguilla manet, longse cognata colubrae^ 
Aut glacie aspersus maculis Tiberinus^ et ipse 
Vernula riparum, pinguis torrente cloaca,, 105 

Et solitus media* cryptam penetrare Suburrse. 

Ipsi pauca velim, facilem si prsebeat aurem : 

He himself besmears the fisli with Venafran oil : but this colewort, 

which being withered is offered to your miserable self, will smell of 

the lamp ; for that is given for your saucers, which 

a canoe of the Micipsse hath brought over in its narrow prow ; 

on account of which nobody bathes at Rome with Bocchar ; 90 

which also keeps the Africans safe from the serpents. 

There shall be a mullet for your master, which Corsica, or which 
the Taurominian rocks hath sent, since all our sea is 
exhausted, and now fails ; while gluttony rages, 

the fisherman with never-tiring nets thoroughly searching 95 

the neighbouring seas ; nor does he suffer the Tuscan fry to increase : 
therefore a province furnishes our kitchens : there is thence taken 
what the wheedler Lenas may buy, Aurelia may sell. 

A lamprey is given to Virro, the largest which came 
from the Sicilian deep : for while the south wind restrains himself, 100 
while he sits and dries his wet wings in his prison, 
the daring nets despise the middle of Charybdis. 
An eel awaits you, bearing an affinity to the long snake, 
or a Tiber pike, sprinkled with spots by the ice, and itself 
an attendant of the banks, fattened by the rapid common- sewer, 105 
and accustomed to penetrate the drain of the Suburra. 

I wish to say a few words to Virro himself, if he give a ready ear : 



JUVENALIS SATIRA V. 45 

Nemo petit modicis quse mittebantur amicis 
A Seneca ; quae Piso bonus^ quae Cotta solebat 
Largiri : namque et titulis et fascibus olim 110 

Major habebatur donandi gloria : solum 
Poscimus ut coenes civiliter : hoc face,, et esto,, 
Esto (ut nunc multi) dives tibi., pauper amicis. 
Anseris ante ipsum magni jecur, anseribus par 
Altilis^ et flavi dignus ferro Meleagri 115 

Fumat aper : post hunc raduntur tubera^ si ver 
Tunc erit, et faciunt optata tonitrua coenas 
Majores ; tibi habe frumentunx, Alledius inquit^ 
O Libye^ disjunge boves^ dum tubera mittas. 

Structorem interea,, ne qua indignatio desit, 120 

Saltantem spectes^ et chironomonta volanti 
Cultello,, donee peragat dictata magistri 
Omnia ; nee minimo sane discrimine refert, 
Quo gestu lepores; et quo gallina secetur ! 
Duceris planta, velut ictus ab Hercule Cacus^ 125 

Et ponere f oris/ si quid tentaveris unquam 
Hiscere^ tanquam habeas tria nomina. Quando propinat 
Virro tibi^ sumitque tuis contacta labellis 
Pocula ? quis vestrum temerarius usque adeo, quis 

nobody asks what things were sent to poor friends 

by Seneca ; what good Piso, what Cotta was accustomed 

to bestow ; for formerly the glory of giving was esteemed 110 

greater than even titles and the fasces : we only desire 

that you would sup with us civilly : do this, and be 

(as many now) rich for yourself, poor for your friends. 

Before himself is the liver of a large goose, a crammed capon equal 

to geese, and a boar, worthy the spear of fair-haired Meleager, 115 

is smoking : after this mushrooms are shredded, if then 

it be spring, and wished-for thunders make greater suppers ; 

Alledius says, ' Keep your corn to yourself, 

O Libya, unyoke your oxen, provided you send us mushrooms.' 

Meanwhile, lest any indignation should be wanting, 120 

you must behold the carver capering and brandishing with his nimble 
knife, till he executes all the orders of his master ; 
nor indeed is it a matter of small concern, 

with what gesture hares, and with what a hen should be cut up ! 
You shall be dragged by the foot, as Cacus struck by Hercules, 125 

and be turned out of doors, if ever you attempt to mutter any thing, 
as if you had three names. When does Virro drink 
to you, and take the cup touched by your lips ? 
which of you is even so rash, who so desperate, 



46 JUVENALIS SATIRA V. 

Perditus,, ut dicat regi, Bibe ? Plurima sunt qiue 1 30 
Non audent homines pertusd dicer e Icena. 

Quadringenta tibi si quis deus^ aut similis dis 
Et melior fatis,, donaret^ homuncio quantus 
Ex nihilo fieres ! quantus Virronis amicus ! 
Da Trebio^ pone ad Trebium : vis,, frater, ab istis 135 
Ilibus ? O nummi) vohis hunc prcestat honor em; 
Vos estis fratres. Dominus tamen, et domini rex 
Si vis tu fieri, nullus tibi parvulus aula 
Luserit JEneas,, nee filia dulcior illo. 
Jucundum et carum sterilis facit uxor amicum. 1 40 

Sed tua nunc Micale pariat licet^ et pueros tres 
In gremium patris fundat simul ; ipse loquaci 
Gaudebit nido ; viridem thoraca jubebit 
Afferrl, minimasque nuces,, assemque rogatum^ 
Ad mensam quoties parasitus venerit infans. 145 

Vilibus ancipites fungi ponentur amicis^ 
Boletus domino ; sed qualem Claudius edit, 
Ante ilium uxoris,, post quern nihil amplius edit. 

Virro sibi et reliquis Virronibus ilia jubebit 
Poma darij quorum solo pascaris odore; 150 

Gtualia perpetuus Pheeacum autumnus habebat ; 

that he dare say to his patron, Drink. There are many things which 
men with a ragged coat dare not say. 

If any god, or one like to the gods, and kinder than the fates, 
would bequeath to you four hundred sestertia, poor mortal, how great 
would you become from nothing ! how great a friend of Virro ! 134 

Give to Trebius, place it before Trebius : brother, will you have of these 
delicacies ? riches, upon you he bestoivs this honour; 
you are his brethren. Yet if you desire to become a master, 
and the patron of the master, no little ./Eneas, 
nor daughter sweeter than he, must play in your hall. 
A barren wife makes a -pleasant and dear friend. 1-40 

But now, although your Micale bring forth, and deliver three boys 
into the bosom of their father at once ; he himself will rejoice 
over the prattling cradle ; he will order the green stomacher 
to be brought in, and the small nuts, and the asked-for silver-penny, 
as often as the fawning infant shall come to the table. 145 

Doubtful mushrooms (toadstools) shall be served to his low friends, 
a mushroom of the best sort to their lord ; but such as Claudius ate, 
before that of his wife, after which he ate nothing more. 

Virro to himself and the other Virros will order these 
apples to be given, by whose smell alone you may be fed ; 150 

such apples as the perpetual autumn of the Phseacians had ; 



JUVENALIS SATIRA V. 47 

Credere quae possis surrepta sororibus Afris. 

Tu scabie frueris mall, quod in aggere rodit 

Qui tegitur parma et galea^ metuensque flagelli 

Discit ab hirsuto jaculum torquere Capella. 155 

Forsitan impensse Virronem parcere credas : 
Hoc agit ut doleas : nam quae comcedia,, mimus 
Quis melior plorante gula ? ergo omnia fiunt, 
Si nescisj ut per lachrymas effundere bilem 
Cogaris,, pressoque diu stridere molari. 160 

Tu tibi liber homo et regis conviva videris ; 
Captum te nidore suae putat ille culinee : 
Nee male conjectat ; quis enim tarn nudus ut ilium 
Bis feratj Hetruscum puero si contigit aurum^ 
Vel nodus tantiim,, et signum de paupere loro ? 165 

Spes bene coenandi vos decipit : ecce dabit jam 
Semesum leporem atque aliquid de clunibus apri : 
Ad nos jam veniet minor altilis : inde parato^ 
Intactoque omnes^ et stricto pane tacetis. 

Ille sapit qui te sic utitur : omnia ferre 1 70 

Si potest et debes ; pulsandum vertice raso 
Prsebebis quandoque caput ; nee dura timebis 
Flagra pati, his epulis et tali dignus amico. 

which you might believe taken from the African sisters. 
You enjoy the scab of the crab-apple, which he chews on the rampart 
who is covered with a shield and helmet ; and fearful of the lash 
learns from the rough Capella to throw the dart. 155 

Perhaps you may think that Virro saves expense : 
he does this that you may be annoyed ; for what comedy, what buffoon 
more diverting than wailing gluttony ? Therefore all these are done, 
if you know it not, that you may be forced to vent your rage by tears, 
and to gnash long with your pressed grinder. 160 

You seem to yourself a free man, and the guest of your patron : 
he thinks you enamoured with the smell of his kitchen ; 
nor does he guess amiss ; for who so destitute that he can endure 
him twice, if the Tuscan gold fall to his lot when a boy, 
or the bulla only, and the mark from the poor leathern boss ? 165 

The hope of supping well deceives you : behold now he will give 
the half-eaten hare and some of the haunches of the boar : 
by and by the smaller fat hen will come to us : thence you are all silent, 
with your bread ready and untouched, and cut. 

He is wise who uses you so : if you are able to bear 170 

all these affronts, you also ought : some time or other you will offer 
your head with its shaven top to be struck ; nor will you fear 
to suffer severe lashes, being worthy of these feasts and such a f/iend. 



SATIRA VI. 

AD URSIDIUM POSTHUMUM^ DE MULIERIBUS. 



Credo pudicitiam Saturno rege moratam 
In terrisj visamque diu^ cum frigida parvas 
Preeberet spelunca domos^ ignemque^ laremque ; 
Et pecus et dominos communi clauderet umbra ; 
Silvestrem montana torum ciim sterneret uxor 5 

Frondibus et culmo^ vicinarumque ferarum 
Pellibus : haud similis tibi^ Cynthia^ nee tibi^ cujus 
Turbavit nitidos extinctus passer ocellos; 
Sed potanda ferens infantibus ubera magnis^ 
Et saepe horridior glandem ructante marito. 10 

Quippe aliter tunc orbe novo,, coeloque recenti 
Vivebant homines ; qui, rupto robore nati, 
Compositique luto nullos habuere parentes. 

Multa pudicitise veteris vestigia forsan^ 
Aut aliqua extiterant et sub Jove, sed Jove nondum 15 
BarbatOj nondum Grsecis jurare paratis 
Per caput alterius : cum furem nemo timeret 
Caulibus aut pomis^ sed aperto viveret horto. 
Paulatim deinde ad superos Astraea recessit 

I believe that chastity, when Saturn was king, dwelt 

upon earth, and was long seen when the cold cave 

afforded petty habitations, and fire, and the household god ; 

and included both cattle and masters in one common shed : 

when the mountain wife would spread her woodland couch 5 

with leaves and straw, and with the skins of neighbouring wild beasts ; 

not like you, Cynthia, nor you whose 

bright eyes a dead sparrow disturbed ; 

but carrying her full breasts to be sucked by her lusty infants, 

and often rougher than her husband belching the acorn. 

For men then lived otherwise in the new world, 

and in air lately created, who, sprung from a recent oak, 

and formed out of clay, had no parents. 

Perhaps many or some vestiges of ancient chastity 
remained even under Jove, but when Jove 1 .5 

was not as yet bearded, nor the Greeks as yet prepared to swear 
by the head of another : when none dreaded a thief 
among his pot-herbs or fruits, but lived with an open garden. 
Afterwards by degrees Astraea retired to the gods above 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 49 

Hac comity atque dure pariter fugere sorores. 20 

Antiquum et vetus est, alienum, Posthume, lectum 
Concutere, atque sacri genium contemnere fulcri. 
Omne aliud crimen mox ferrea protulit setas : 
Viderunt primos argentea ssecula moechos. 
Convention tamen, et pactum, et sponsalia nostra 25 
Tempestate paras ; jamque a tonsore magistro 
Pecteris, et digito pignus fortasse dedisti. 
Certe sanus eras : uxorem, Posthume, ducis ? 
Die, qua Tisiphone, quibus exagitare colubris ? 
Ferre potes dominam salvis tot restibus ullam ? 30 

Cum pateant altae ^aligantesque fenestra ? 
Cum tibi vicinum se preebeat ^Emilius pons ? 
Aut si de multis nullus placet exitus, illud 
Nonne putas melius, quod tecum pusio dormit ? 
Pusio, qui noctu non litigat : exigit a te 35 

Nulla jacens illic munuscula, nee queritur quod 
Et lateri parcas, nee quantum jussit anheles. 
Sed placet Ursidio lex Julia : tollere dulcem 
Cogitat hseredem, cariturus turture magno, 
Mullorumque jubis, et captatore macello. 40 

Quid fieri non posse putes, si jungitur ulla 

with this companion (Chastity) , and the two sisters fled together. 20 
It is ancient and long-standing, Posthumus, to violate 

another's bed, and to despise the genius of the sacred couch. 

Shortly after, the iron age produced every other crime : 

the silver ages saw the first adulterers. 

Yet, an assignation, and contract, and espousals 2o 

you prepare in our time ; and now by a master barber 

you are trimmed, and perhaps have given the wedding-ring for the finger. 

Certainly you were sane : Posthumus, do you take a wife ? 

say, by what Fury, by what snakes are you impelled ? 

Can you endure any mistress when so many halters are at hand ? 30 

when high and darkening windows are open ? 

when the iEmilian bridge presents itself near you ? 

Or if no exit out of so many pleases you, 

do you not think it better that your little boy sleep with you ? 

your boy, who does not scold by night ; lying there he requires 35 

from you no presents, nor complains that 

you spare your sides, nor do you pant for breath as he commands. 

But the Julian law pleases Ursidius : he thinks to bring up 

a darling heir, willing to forfeit for him the large turtle, 

and the fins of mullets, and the tempting shambles. 40 

What think you may not come to pass, if any one is united 

D 



I 



50 JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 

Ursidio ? si mcechorum notissimus olim 

Stulta marital! jam porrigit ora capistro, 

Quern toties texit periturum cista Latini ? 

Quid ! quod et antiquis uxor de moribus illi 

Qucferitur ? O medici^ mediam pertundite venam ! 

Delicias hominis ! Tarpeium limen adora 

Pronus^ et auratam Junoni ceede juvencam^ 

Si tibi contigerit capitis matrona pudici. 

Paucee adeo Cereris vittas contingere dignee ; 50 

Quarum non timeat pater oscula. Necte coronam 

Postibus^ et densos per limina tende corymbos. 

Unus Iberime vir sufficit ? ocyus illud 

Extorquebis,, ut heec oculo contenta sit uno. 

Magna tamen fama est cujusdam rure paterno 55 

Viventis : vivat Gabiis, ut vixit in agro : 

Vivat Fidenis^ et agello cedo paterno : 

Quis tamen affirmat nil actum in montibus^ aut in 

Speluncis ? adeo senuerunt Jupiter et Mars ? 

Porticibusne tibi monstratur fcemina voto 60 

Digna tuo ? cuneis an habent spectacula totis 
Quod securus ames^ quodque inde excerpere possis ? 
Chironomon Ledam molli saltante Batliyllo, 

to Ursidius ? if lie, once the most notorious of adulterers, 

now thrusts his foolish head into the marriage -halter, 

whom the chest of Latinus hath so often hid, when near perishing ? 

What ! that even a wife of ancient virtues 45 

is sought by him ? O physicians, strike his middle vein ! 

O thou jewel of a man ! prostrate adore the Tarpeian threshold, 

and sacrifice a gilded heifer to Juno, 

if a matron with a chaste head fall to thy lot. 

So few are there worthy to touch the fillets of Ceres ; 50 

whose kisses a father may not dread. Tie a garland 

on your door-posts, and spread the thick ivy-boughs over your thresholds. 

Does one man satisfy Iberina ? sooner 

shall you enforce it, that she be content with one eye. 

Yet there is a general report of a certain female living in chastity 55 

at her paternal home : she may live at Gabii as she lived in the country : 

she may live at Fidense so, and I allow at her father's little farm : 

nevertheless, who affirms that nothing was done on the mountains, or in 

the caves ? have Jupiter and Mars grown so old ? 

Can a woman be pointed out to you in the porticoes 60 

worthy your wish ? have the theatres on all their benches 
what you may love secure, and what you may select from thence ? 
While the lascivious Bathyllus is dancing limb -twisting Leda, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 51 

Tuccia vesicae non imperat ; Appula gannit 

Sicut in amplexu ; subitum et miserabile longum 65 

Attendit Thymele ; Thymele tunc rustica discit. 

Ast alice., quoties auleea recondita cessant^ 
Et vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro^ 
Atque a Plebeiis longe Megalesia,, tristes 
Personam thyrsumve tenent, et subligar Acci. /0 

Urbicus exodio risum movet Attellanse 
Gestibus Autonoes ; hunc diligit JElia pauper. 
Solvitur his magno comcedi fibula. Sunt quae 
Chrysogonum cantare vetent. Hispulla tragoedo 
, Gaudet : an expectas ut Ghrintilianus ametur ? J 5 

Accipis uxorem, de qua citharoedus Echion 
Aut Glaphyrus fiat pater, Ambrosiusve choraules ; 
Longa per angustos figamus pulpita vicos : 
Ornentur postes et grandi janua lauro^ 
Ut testudineo tibi, Lentule, conopeo 80 

Nobilis Euryalum mirmillonem exprimat infans. 

Nupta senator! comitata est Hippia ludium 
Ad Pharon et Nilum, famosaque moenia Lagi, 
Prodigia et mores urbis damnante Canopo. 
Immemor ilia domus, et conjugis, atque sororis^ 85 

Tuccia cannot restrain her lust ; Appula is transported 

as if in an embrace ; the sudden and languishing sigh 65 

Thymele long observes ; then rustic Thymele learns it. 

But others (as often as the closed curtain-scenes cease, 
and the courts alone vociferate, the theatre being empty and shut up, 
and the Megalesian games long after the Plebeian,) disconsolate 
assume the mask or the thyrsus, and the sash of Accius. TO 

Urbicus excites laughter with the interlude of an Attellan 
in the gestures of Autonoe ; him does indigent iElia dearly love. 
The buckle of a comedian is loosened for them at a high price. There are 
some who forbid Chrysogonus to sing. In a tragedian Hispulla 
delights : do you expect that Quintilian can be loved ? 75 

Do you take a wife, by whom the harper Echion 
or Glaphyrus may become a father, or Ambrosius the piper ; 
let us fix long stages along the narrow streets ; 

let your door-posts and your gate be decorated with triumphant laurel, 
that in his vaulted canopy, O Lentulus, 80 

the noble infant may pourtray to you Euryalus the sword -player. 

Hippia, married to a senator, accompanied a stage-player 
to Pharos and the Nile, and the famous walls of Lagus ; 
even Canopus condemning the monstrosities and manners of our city. 
She, unmindful of her home, and husband, and sister, 85 

D 2 



52 JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 

Nil patriae indulsit ; plorantesque improba gnatos ; 
Utque magis stupeas,, ludos Paridemque reliquit ! 
Sed quanquam in magnis opibus, plumaque paterna^ 
Et segmentals dormisset parvula cunis^ 
Contempsit pelagus ; famam contempserat olim, 90 
Cujus apud molles minima est jactura cathedras. 
Tyrrhenos igitur fluctus^ lateque sonantem 
Pertulit Ionium^ constanti pectore^ quamvis 
Mutandum toties esset mare. Justa pericli 
Si ratio est et honesta timent, pavidoque gelantur 95 
Pectore^ nee tremulis possunt insistere plantis : 
Fortem animum praestant rebus quas turpiter audent. 
Si jubeat conjux, durum est conscendere navim ; 
Tunc sentina gravis ; tunc summus vertitur aer. 
Quae moechum sequitur stomacho valet: ilia maritum 3 00 
Convomit : haec inter nautas et prandet, et errat 
Per pupping et duros gaudet tractare rudentes. 
Qua tamen exarsit forma ? qua capta juventa 
Hippia ? quid vidit, propter quod ludia dici 
Sustinuit ? nam Sergiolus jam radere guttur 105 

Coeperatj et secto requiem sperare lacerto. 
Praeterea multa in facie deformia ; sicut 

regarded not her country ; and depraved left her weeping children ; 

and, that you may be the more amazed, even the games and Paris ! 

But although, among great riches, and in a paternal down-bed 

and embroidered cradle- quilts, she had reposed when a little girl, 

she braved the sea ; she had braved her reputation long before, 90 

the loss of which is very trifling among soft chairs. 

Therefore she encountered the Tuscan billows, and the far-sounding 

Ionian main, with a determined heart, although 

the sea was so often to be changed. If the motive for danger 

is just and honest they are alarmed, and shiver in their frighteued 95 

breast, nor are they able to stand on their trembling feet : 

they show a daring spirit in affairs which they disgracefully undertake. 

If a husband command, it is hard to go on board a ship ; 

then the pump is grievous ; then the high air turns round. 

She who follows an adulterer is well in her stomach ; on her husband 100 

she vomits : she even dines among the sailors, and wanders 

through the ship, and it also delights her to lay hold of the hard cables. 

Yet with what beauty was she inflamed ? with what young lover 
was Hippia captivated ? what did she see, for which she could endure 
to be called a gladiator's trull ? for her little Sergy now had begun 105 
to shave his throat, and to hope for rest to his wounded arm. 
Besides, there were many things disagreeable in his face ; as 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 53 

Attritus galea, mediisque in naribus ingens 

Gibbus, et acre malum semper stillantis ocelli. 

Sed gladiator erat : facit hoc illos Hyacinthos : 110 

Hoc pueris patrireque, hoc praetulit ilia sorori 

Atque viro : ferrum est quod amant : hie Sergius idem 

Accepta rude coepisset Veiento videri. 

Quid privata domus, quid fecerit Hippia, curas ? 
Respice rivales divorum : Claudius audi 1 1 5 

Quae tulerit : dormire virum cum senserat uxor 
(Ausa Palatino tegetem praeferre cubili^ 
Sumere nocturnos meretrix augusta cucullos)^ 
Linquebat, comite ancilla non amplius una : 
Et, nigrum flavo crinem abscondente galero, 120 

Intravit calidum veteri centone lupanar, 
Et cellam vacuam, atque suam : tunc nuda papillis 
Constitit auratis, titulum mentita Lyciscaa, 
Ostenditque tuum, generose Britannice, ventrem. 
Excepit blanda intrantes, atque aera poposcit : 125 

Mox, lenone suas jam dimittente puellas, 
Tristis abit ; sed quod potuit : tamen ultima cellam 
Clausit, adhuc ardens rigidse tentigine vulvae, 
Et lassata viris, nondum satiata, recessit : 

he had been galled by his helmet, and in the middle of his nostrils there wom 
a great wen, and a sharp rheum of his little eye always dropping. 
But he was a gladiator : this makes them Hyacinthuses : 110 

she preferred this to her boys and her native country, this to her sister 
and her husband : it is the sword which they love. This same Sergius 
had begun to ape Veiento after receiving the wand. 

Do you care what a private family, what Hippia has done ? 
Look to the rivals of the gods : hear what Claudius 115 

has suffered : when his wife perceived her husband asleep, 
(the imperial harlot having dared to prefer a mat to the Palatine bed, 
and to assume nocturnal hoods,) 

she left him, with no more than one maid-servant as her attendant ; 
and. with a yellow beaver concealing her black hair, 120 

she entered the brothel warm with an old patchwork quilt, 
and a cell empty, and her own ; then naked she stood 
with her breasts ornamented with gold, assuming the title of Lycisca, 
and exposed the womb that bore thee, O noble Britannicus. 
Courteous she received those that entered, and demanded money : 125 
by and by, the procurer now dismissing his girls, 

she goes away sorrowful ; but what she could she did : though the last 
she closed her cell, still burning with the sting of eager lust, 
and wearied with men retired not yet satiated : 



54 JUVENALIS SATIRA VL 

Obscurisque gems turpis,, fumoque lucerne 130 

Foeda^ lupanaris tulit ad pulvinar odorem. 

Hippomanes carmenque loquar^ coctumque veneimm_, 
Privignoque datum ? faciunt graviora coactse 
Imperio sexus^ minimiimque libidine peccant. 

Optima sed quare Cesennia teste marito? 135 

Bis quingenta dedlt : tanti vocat ille pudicam : 
Nee Veneris pharetris macer est, aut lampade fervet : 
Inde faces ardent; veniunt a dote sagitt<£. 
Libertas emitur : coram licet innuat, atque 
Rescribat, vidua est, locuples quae nupsit avaro. 140 

Cur desiderio Bibulee Sertorius ardet ? 
Si verum excutias, facies^ non uxor^ amatur. 
Tres rugae subeant^ et se cutis arida laxet ; 
Fiant obscuri dentes, oculique minores ; 
Collige sarcinulas, dicet libertus^ et exi ; 145 

Jam gravis es nobis_, et saepe emungeris ! exi 
Ocyiis,, et propera ; sicco venit altera naso. 

Interea calet, et regnat, poscitque maritum 
Pastores^ et ovem Canusinam, ulmosque Falemas. 
Quantulum in hoc ? pueros omnes^ ergastula tota ; 150 
Quodque domi non est, et habet vicinus^ ematur. 

filthy with her defiled cheeks, and with the smoke of the lamp 130 

besmeared, she carried the odour of the stew to the imperial bed. 

Shall I mention the love-potion^ and charm, and boiled poison, 
given to a son-in-law ? they commit more grievous crimes when urged 
by the imperiousness of the sex, and they sin the least by lust. 

But why is Cesennia so excellent from her husband's testimony ? 135 
she gave him twice five hundreds : for such a dower he calls her chaste : 
nor is he emaciated by the quivers of Venus, or burns with her lamp : 
from thence the torches are lighted ; the arrows come from the dowry. 
Liberty is purchased: in his presence it is allowed her to give the nod, 
and write that she is a widow, who being rich is married to a miser. 140 

Why does Sertorius burn with the love of Bibula ? 
If you examine the truth, the face, not the wife, is beloved. 
Let three wrinkles come on, and a dry skin loosen itself; 
let her teeth become black, and her eyes grow less ; 

the freedman shall say, ' Pack up your trumpery, and be gone ; 145 

now you are troublesome to me, and often wipe your nose ! be gone 
quickly, and make haste ; another comes with a dry nose.' 

Meantime she is gay, and domineers, and demands of her husband 
shepherds, and Canusian sheep, and Falernian vineyards. 
How little in this? she also demands all the boys, all the workshops ; 150 
and whatever is not at her house, and a neighbour has, must be purchased. 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 55 

Mense quidem brumal cum jam mercator Iason 
Clausus,, et armatis obstat casa Candida nautis, 
Grandia tolluntur crystallina, maxima rursus 
Myrrhina,, deinde adamas notissimus^ et Berenices 155 
In digito factus pretiosior : hunc dedit olim 
Barbarus incests ; dedit hunc Agrippa sorori, 
Observant ubi festa mero pede Sabbata reges, 
Et vetus indulget senibus dementia porcis. 

Nullane de tantis gregibus tibi digna videtur? 160 
Sit formosa, decens^ dives,, foecunda^ vetustos 
Porticibus disponat avos 5 intactior omni 
Crinibus effusis bellum dirimente Sabina : 
(Rara avis in terris, nigroque simillima cygno !) 
Quis feret uxorem cui constant omnia? Malo^ 165 

Malo Venusinam^ quam te, Cornelia^ mater 
Gracchorurm. si cum magnis virtutibus affers 
Grande supercilium, et numeras in dote triumphos. 
Tolle tuum^ precor, Hannibalerm. victumque Syphacem 
In castrlS; et cum tota Carthagine migra. l/< 

Parce precor^ Paean, et tu depone sagittas ; 
Nil pueri faciuni, ipsam configite matrem, 
Amphion clamat : sed Paean contrahit arcum. 

In the month of winter indeed, when the merchant Iason 
is shut up, and the snow-white cottage delays the sailors already prepared, 
large crystal-goblets are brought, again immense vessels of myrrh, 
then the most brilliant diamond, and rendered still more precious 155 
by being worn on the finger of Berenice : formerly a barbarian gave 
this diamond to an incestuous female ; Agrippa gave it to his sister, 
where the kings observe their festival Sabbaths bare-footed, 
and their ancient clemency indulges old swine. 

Of so many crowds does none seem worthy to you ? 160 

let her be beautiful, virtuous, rich, fruitful ; 
let her range her ancient ancestors in her porticos, more chaste 
than every Sabine finishing the war with their flowing hair : 
(a rare bird on the earth, and very like a black swan !) 
w r ho would endure a wife to whom all these things belong ? I had rather, 
I had rather a Venusian girl, than you, Cornelia, mother 16b* 

of the Gracchi, if, with your great virtues, you bring 
insufferable pride, and number your triumphs in your dowry. 
Take away your Hannibal, I beg, and your Syphax conquered 
in his camp, and remove with your whole Carthage. 170 

* Spare, I pray, Paean, and do thou lay aside thy arrows : 
the children do nothing ; pierce the mother herself,' 
Amphion exclaims : but Paean draws his bow. 



56 JUVENALIS SATIRA VT. 

Extulit ergo greges natorum^ ipsumque parentem^ 
Dum sibi nobilior Latonse gente videtur, 1 7 5 

Atque eadem scrofa Niobe fcecundior alba. 

Quae tanti gravitas ; quae forma^ ut se tibi semper 
Imputet? hujus enim rari summique voluptas 
Nulla bom ; quoties animo corrupta superbo 
Plus aloes quam mellis habet. Quis deditus autem 180 
Usque adeo est^ ut non illam., quam laudibus effert, 
Horreat, inque diem septenis oderit horis ? 

Qusedam parva quidem^ sed non toleranda maritis. 
Nam quid rancidius^ quam quod se non putat ulla 
Formosam nisi quse de Thusca Greecula facta est, 185 
De Sulmonensi mera Cecropis ? Omnia Grsece^ 
Cum sit turpe miniis nostris nescire Latine. 
Hoc sermone pavent ; hoc iranx, gaudia, curas, 
Hoc cuncta effundunt animi secreta. Quid ultra? 
Concumbunt Greece ! Dones tamen ista puellis : 190 
Tune etiam, quam sextus et octogesimus annus 
Pulsat, adhuc Greece ? Non est hie sermo pudicus. 
In vetula^ quoties lascivum intervenit illud^ 
Z£1H KAI ^YXH* modo sub lodice rehctis 
Uteris in turba. Quod enim non excitat inguen 195 

Therefore lie cut off the family of children, and the parent himself, 
whilst Niobe appears to herself more noble than the race of Latona, 175 
and the same more fruitful than the white sow. 

What modesty is of such value ; what beauty, that she should always 
prefer herself to you ? for there is no pleasure of this rare 
and greatest good ; when corrupted with a proud spirit 
it has more gall than honey. But who 180 

is even so uxorious, that he abhor not her whom he extols with praises, 
and detest her seven hours in the day ? 

Some vices are small indeed, hut not to be tolerated by husbands. 
For what is more disgusting, than that not any woman thinks herself 
beautiful, unless she who is become a Grecian from a Tuscan, 185 

a mere Cecropian from a Sulmonite ? All things are lisped in Greek, 
when it is less disgraceful to our dames not to know Latin, 
In this language they fear, in this they express their anger, joys, cares, 
in this all the secrets of their mind. What beyond this ? 
they prostitute themselves in Greek t Yet you may pardon these in girls : 
do you also, whom the eighty-sixth year 191 

urges on, still talk in Greek ? This language is not modest 
in an old woman, when so often that lascivious expression is introduced, 
1 My Life and Soul :' words to be left under the blanket only 
you use in the crowd. For what passion does not 195 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 57 

Vox blanda et nequam ? digitos habet : ut tamen omnes 
Subsidant pennse., dicas hsec mollius ^Emo 
Quanquam et Carpophoro^ fecies tua computat annos. 

Si tibi legitimis pactam junctamque tabellis 
Non es amaturus^ ducendi nulla videtur 200 

Causa ; nee est quare ccenam et mustacea perdas, 
Labente officio crudis donanda ; nee illud 
Quod prima pro nocte datur^ cum lance beata 
Dacicus et scripto radiat Germanicus auro. 

Si tibi simplicitas uxoria,, deditus uni 205 

Est animus,, submitte caput cervice parata 
Ferre jugum : nullam invenies quae parcat amanti. 
Ardeat ipsa licet, tormentis gaudet amant ; s 
Et spoliis. Igitur longe miniis utilis illi 
Uxor quisquis erit bonus optandusque maritus. 210 
Nil unquam invita donabis conjuge; vendes 
Hac obstante nihil ; nihil haec si nolet emetur. 
Haec dabit affectus : ille excludetur amicus 
Jam senior^ cujus barbam tua janua vidit. 
Testandi cum sit lenonibus atque lanistis 215 

Liberty et juris idem contingat arenee, 
Non unus tibi rivalis dictabitur hseres. 



a soft and lewd word excite? it has alluring fingers : yet, that all 
your feathers maybe lowered, though you speak these words more softly 
than Emus and Carpophorus, your visage numbers your years. 

If you are not to love one contracted and united to you 
by lawful bans, there seems no cause for marrying ; 200 

nor is there a reason why you should lose the supper and bride-cakes, 
to be given to weak stomachs, when their duty is over : nor that 
which is given for the first night, when in the happy bason 
the Dacian and Germanic Ccesar shines on inscribed gold. 

If you have an uxorious simplicity, a mind devoted to one, 20.> 

submit your head with a neck ready 

to bear the yoke : you will find none who spares her lover. 
Although she herself is enamoured, she rejoices in the torments 
and spoils of her lover. Therefore a wife is far less useful to him 
who would be a good and desirable husband. 210 

Nothing shall you give without your partner's consent ; you shall sell 
nothing while she opposes it ; nothing shall be bought if she is unwilling. 
She shall direct your affections : that friend, 

now aged, whose downy beard your gate hath seen, shall be excluded. 
While to pimps and prize-fighters there is the liberty 215 

of making wills, and the same right happens to the amphitheatre, 
not one rival only shall be appointed your heir. 

D 5 



58 JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 

Pone crucem servo. Meruit quo crimine servus 
Supplicium ? quis testis adest ? quis detulit ? audi : 
Nulla unquam de morte hominis cunctatio longa est. 

demens ! ita servus homo est? nil fecerit, esto: 221 
Hoc voky, sic jubeo^ sit pro ratione voluntas. 

Imperat ergo viro : sed mox heec regna relinquit^ 
Permutatque domos^ et flammea. content ; inde 
Avolat^ et spreti repetit vestigia lecti. 225 

Ornatas paulo ante fores^ pendentia linquit 
Vela domus,, et adhuc virides in limine ramos. 
Sic crescit Humerus^ sic fiunt octo mariti 
Quinque per autumnos ; titulo res digna sepulehri. 

Desperanda tibi salva concordia socru : 230 

Ilia docet spoliis nudi gaudere mariti : 
Ilia docet missis a corruptore tabellis 
Nil rude,, nil simplex rescribere : decipit ilia 
CustoaeSj aut sere domat : tunc corpore sano 
Advocat Archigenem,, onerosaque pallia jactat. 235 

Abditus interea latet accersitus adulter, 
Impatiensque mora silet^ et prseputia ducit. 
Scilicet expectas ut tradat mater honestos 
Aut alios mores quam quos habet ? utile porro 

1 Erect a cross for your slave.* For what crime has the slave deserved 
punishment ? what witness appears ? who has accused ? hear : 
no delay is ever too long concerning the death of a man. 220 

* O driveller ! so a slave is a man ? be it so, that he has done nothing : 

1 choose it : thus I command ; let my will be for a reason.' 

Thus she rules her husband : but by and by she leaves these realms, 
and changes her habitations, and wears out her flame-coloured veils : 
she flies away from thence, and retraces the footsteps of a forsaken bed. 
She leaves the doors adorned a little before, the garlands 226 

of the house hanging, and boughs yet green on the threshold. 
Thus the number increases, thus eight husbands are made 
during five autumns ; a circumstance worthy the inscription of a tomb. 

You must despair of concord while your wife's mother lives : 230 

she teaches her to rejoice in the spoils of her plundered husband : 
to the letters sent by her seducer she teaches her 
to write back nothing rude, nothing direct : she deceives 
the guardians, or bribes them with money : then, though sound in body, 
she calls in Archigenes the physician, and throws off the heavy bed -clothes. 
In the mean time the adulterer having been sent for lies concealed, 23G 
and impatient of delay is quiet, and prepares for the deed. 
Do you really expect that the mother can infuse honest 
or other manners than what she has ? moreover, it is profitable 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 59 

Filiolam turpi vetulse producere turpem. 240 

Nulla fere causa est in qua non foemina litem 
Moverit : accusat Manilla^ si rea non est. 
Componunt ipsse per se, formantque libellos, 
Principium atque locos Celso dictare paratee. 

Endromidas Tyrias^ et foemineum ceroma 245 

Quis nescit ? vel quis non vidit vulnera pall, 
Quern cavat assiduis sudibus^ scutoque lacessit^ 
Atque omnes implet numeros ? dignissima prorsus 
Florali matrona tuba^ nisi si quid in illo 
Pectore plus agitat, verseque paratur arense. 250 

Quern praestare potest mulier galeata pudorem^ 
Quae fugit a sexu^ et vires amat ? heec tamen ipsa 
Vir nollet fieri : nam quantula nostra voluptas ! 
Quale decus rerunx, si conjugis auctio fiat, 
BalteuSj et manicse^ et crista crurisque sinistri 255 
Dimidium tegmen ! vel, si diversa movebit 
Prselia, tu felix^ ocreas vendente puella. 
Hee sunt quae tenui sudant in cyclade^ quarum 
Delicias et panniculus bombycinus urit ! 
Aspice quo fremitu monstratos perferat ictus, 260 

Et quanto galese curvetur pondere ; quanta 

for a wicked old woman to bring up a wicked daughter. 240 

There is no cause scarcely in which a woman has not provoked the suit : 
Manilia accuses, if she is not arraigned. 

They themselves collect, and by themselves they form the pleas, 
being prepared to dictate to Celsus the opening and the replies. 

Who knows not the Tyrian rugs, and the female gladiator's oil? 245 
or who has not beheld the wounds of the post, 

which she hollows with her incessant wooden- swords, and provokes 
with the buckler, and fills up all the parts of exercise ? a matron 
altogether most deserving of Flora's trumpet, unless in that breast 
she meditates something more, and is prepared for a real stage. 250 

What modesty can a helmeted woman show, 

who flies from her sex, and delights in manly exercises ? yet she herself 
would not wish to become a man : for how small is our pleasure ! 
What a display of articles, if the auction of a wife's were made, 
the belt, and the gauntlets, and the plume of feathers, 255 

and the half covering of her left leg ! or, if she shall engage in 
different strifes, happy Are you, on your wife's selling her buskins. 
These are they who perspire in a thin kirtle, and whose 
delicate bodies a silken garment overheats ! 

Behold with what noise she continues the impressive strokes, 260 

and with what a weight of helmet she is bowed down ; how firm 



60 JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 

Poplitibus sedeat ; quam denso fascia libro ; 
Et ride^ scaphium positis cum sumitur armis. 

Dicite^ vos neptes LepidI, caecive Metelli^ 
Gurgitis aut Fabii,, quae ludia sumpserit unquam 265 
Hos habitus ? quando ad palum gemat uxor Asylli ? 

Semper habet lites alternaque jnrgia lectus 
In quo nupta jacet : minimum dormitur in illo. 
Tunc gravis ilia viro,, tunc orba tigride pejor ; 
Cum simulat gemitus occulti conscia facti^ 270 

Aut odit pueros^ aut ficta pellice plorat 
Uberibus semper lachrymis^ semperque paratis 
In statione sua, atque expectantibus illanr, 
Quo jubeat manare modo : tu credis amorem ; 
Tu tibi tunc,, curruca,, places, fletumque labellis 275 
Exsorbes. Quse scripta et quas lecture tabellas > 
Si tibi zelotypa* retegantur scrinia moechse ! 
Sed jacet in servi complexibus^ aut equitis : dic^ 
Die aliquem^ sodes dic^ Quintiliane^ colorem. 
Hseremus ! die ipsa : Olim convenerat^ inquit^ 280 

Ut faceres tu quod velles ; necnon ego possem 
Indulgere mihi : clames licet^ et mare coelo 
Confundas^ homo sum. Nihil est audacius illis 



she rests upon her hams ; with how thick a fold is her fascia ; 

and, as her arms are laid aside, laugh when the urinary vessel is taken up : 

Say, ye grand -daughters of Lepidus, or of blind Metellus, 
or of Fabius Gurges, what gladiator's trull ever assumed 265 

those dresses ? when does the wife of Asyllus groan at a post ? 

That bed has always contentions and alternate quarrels 
in which a married woman lies : there is very little sleeping in it. 
At one time she is troublesome to her husband, then more fell than a tigress 
bereft of her young ; when conscious of a secret deed she feigns groans, 
or hates the boys, or, pretending a courtezan is kept, she laments 271 
with tears always in abundance, and always ready 
in their station, and waiting her 

in what manner she may order them to flow : you believe this love ; 
then you congratulate yourself, you cuckold, and with your lips 275 

drink off the tear. What epistles and what letters would you read, 
if the cabinets of the jealous adultress were opened to you ! 
But she lies in the embraces of a slave, or a knight : say, 
O say, Quintil an, prithee say, frame colour of an excuse. 
There is hesitation ! let her speak herself : i It was once agreed,' says she, 
4 that you might do what you chose, and likewise that I should 281 

indulge myself: although you bawl, and confound the sea 
with the sky, I am human.' Nothing is more audacious than they 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 61 

Deprensis : tram atque animos a crimine sumunt. 

Unde haec monstra tamen, vel quo de fonte requiris ? 
Prsestabat castas humilis fortuna Latinas . 286 

Quondam, nee vitiis contingi parva sinebant 
Tecta labor, somnique breves, et vellere Thusco 
Vexatae durseque mantis, ac proximus urbi 
Hannibal, et stantes Collina in turre mariti. 290 

Nunc patimtir longee pacis mala : saevior armis 
Luxuria incubuit, victumque ulciscitur orbem. 
Nullum crimen abest, facinusque libidinis, ex quo 
Paupertas Romana perit : hinc fluxit ad istos 
Et Sybaris colles : hinc et Rhodos, atque Miletos, 295 
Atque coronatum, et petulans, madidumque Tarentum. 

Prima peregrinos obscoena pecunia mores 
Intulit, et turpi fregerunt ssecula luxu 
Divitiee molles. Quid enim Venus ebria curat? 
Inguinis et capitis quae sint discrimina nescit, 300 

Grandia quae mediis jam noctibus ostrea mordet, 
Cum perfusa mero spumant unguenta Falerno, 
Cum bibitur concha, cum jam vertigine tectum 
Ambulat, et geminis exsurgit mensa lucernis. 

I nunc, et dubita qua sorbeat aera sanna 305 

when caught : they assume rage and spirits from their crime. 

Yet do you ask whence these monstrous crimes, or from what source ? 
A humble fortune kept the Latin women chaste 286 

in ancient times ; nor did labour and short sleep permit their little roofs 
to be tainted with vices*, or their hands, tired and hardened 
with the Tuscan fleece, or Hannibal nigh to the city, 
and the husbands keeping guard on the Colline turret. 290 

Now we suffer the evils of a long peace : luxury more dire 
than arms hath fastened upon us, and avenges a vanquished world. 
No crime is wanting, nor the wickedness of lust, from the time when 
Roman poverty perished : from that period too Sybaris flowed 
to these hills : from that time both Rhodes and Miletus, 295 

and the crowned, and petulant, and drunken Tarentum. 

Abominable money first introduced foreign manners, 
and effeminate riches corrupted the age with shameful luxury. 
For what does a drunken Venus care ? 

She knows not what is the difference between her bottom and her head, 
who devours large oysters at very midnight, 301 

when ointments mixed with Falernian wine foam, 
when she drinks out of a shell, when now with a whirl the room 
turns round, and the table rises up with double lights. 

Go now, and reflect with what contempt Tullia inhales the air, 305 



62 JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 

Tullia^ quid dicat notee Collacia Maurse^ 

Maura Pudicitise veterem ciim preeterit aram. 

Noctibus hie ponunt lecticas^ micturiunt hic^ 

Effigiemque dese longis siphonibus implent, 

Inque vices equitant, ac luna teste moventur : 310 

Inde domos abeunt. Tu calcas,, luce reversa^ 

Conjugis urinam, magnos visurus amicos ! 

Nota Bonse secreta Dese^ cum tibia lumbos 
Incitat, et cornu pariter vinoque feruntur 
Attonitae., crinemque rotant^ ululantque Priapi 315 

Msenades : O quantus tunc illis mentibus ardor 
Concubitus ? quoe vox saltante libidine ! quantus 
Ille meri veteris per crura madentia torrens ! 
Lenonum ancillas posita Saufeia corona 
Provocate et tollit pendentis preemia coxae : 320 

Ipsa Medullinse frictum crissantis adorat. 
Palmam inter dominas virtus natalibus sequat. 
Nil tibi per ludurn simulabitur ; omnia fient 
Ad verum, quibus incendi jam frigidus sevo 
Laomedontiades^ et Nestoris hernia possit. 325 

Tunc prurigo morse impatiens : tunc foemina simplex ; 
Et pariter toto repetitur clamor ab antro : 

what Collacia tells to her confidant Maura, 

when Maura passes the old altar of Chastity. 

Here they place their litters in the night, here they make water, 

and fill the effigy of the goddess with long water- squirts, 309 

and ride by turns, and wriggle about, the moon being witness of the scene: 

thence they depart to their homes. On the day returning, you tread upon 

the urine of your spouse, as you go to see your great friends ! 

The secrets of the Good Goddess are discovered, when music excites 
the loins, and the priestesses of Priapus are borne along astonished 
at once with the horn and the wine, and toss about their hair, and howl : 
Oh, what a burning desire is then in their minds ! 316 

what a noise through rampant lust ! how abundant 
that torrent of old wine over their wet thighs ! 
Saufeia challenges the girls of procurers, a crown being produced, 
and carries off the premiums of the pendent hip : 320 

she herself admires the motion of Medullina, as she acts her part. 
Among the mistresses their vigour equals the pre-eminence of birth. 
Nothing will be dissembled to you in the sport ; all will be performed 
according to reality, by which Priam, though frozen with age, 
and the hernia of Nestor, could be excited. 325 

Then rampant lust is impatient of delay : then she is the woman indeed : 
and at once a clamour is re-echoed from the whole vault : 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 63 

Jam fas est, admitte viros : jam dormit adulter ? 
Ilia jubet sumpto juvenem properare cucullo : 
Si nihil est, servls incurritur : abstuleris spem 330 

Servorum, veniet conductus aquarius : hie si 
Quseritur, et desunt homines, mora nulla per ipsanv, 
Quo minus imposito clunem submittat asello. 

Atque utinam ritus veteres et publica saltern 
His intacta malls agerentur sacra : sed omnes 335 

Noverunt Mauri atque Indi quae psaltria penem 
Majorem, quam sunt duo Csesaris Anti-C atones, 
Illuc, testiculi sibi conscius unde fugit mus, 
Intulerit, ubi velari pictura jubetur, 
Qusecunque alterius sexus imitata figuram est. 340 

Et quis tunc hominum contemptor numinis ? aut quis 
Sympuvium ridere Numse nigrumque catinum, 
Et Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas, 
Ausus erat ? sed nunc ad quas non Clodius aras ? 

Audio quid veteres olim moneatis amici : 345 

Pone seram : cohibe. Sed quis custodiet ipsos 
Custodes ? cauta est, et ab illis incipit uxor. 
Jamque eadem summis pariter minimisque libido ; 
Nee melior, silicem pedibus quae content atrum, 

* Now it is opportune, admit the men : does the adulterer now sleep V 
She, having taken her veil, orders a young fellow to make haste : 

if there is none, she rushes to the slaves : if you take away her hope 330 
of the slaves, a waterman being hired must come : if he 
is missing, and men are wanting, there is no delay in her, 
that she will not submit her person to bestial impurity. 

And I wish the ancient rites, and at least public sacred ceremonies, 
were performed uncontaminated by these abominations : but all 335 
the Moors and Indians know what singing-wench brought in thither 
a larger thing than are the two anti-Catos of Csesar, 
from whence a mouse, conscious of being a male, must fly, 
where a picture is ordered to be veiled, 

whatever resembles the figure of the other sex. 340 

And what man then was a despiser of the deity ? or who 
dared to laugh at the earthen chalice of Numa and the black bowl, 
and the brittle platters from the Vatican hill ? 
but now, at what altars is there not a Clodius ? 

I hear, my old friends, what hereafter you may advise : 345 

* Put on a lock : restrain her.' But who shall watch 
her keepers themselves ? a wife is cunning, and begins with them. 
And now the same lust rages equally in the highest and the lowest ; 
nor is she better, who wears the black flint-stone with her feet, 



64 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 



Quam quae longomm vehitur cervice Syrorum. 350 

Ut spectet ludasj conducit Ogulnia vestem; 
Conducit comites^ sellam^ cervical, arnicas^ 
Nutricem,, et flavam^ cui det mandata,, puellam. 
Haec tamely argent! superest quodcunque paterni, 
Laevibus athletis^ ac vasa novissima donat. 355 

Multis res angusta domi est : sed nulla pudorem 
Paupertatis habet, nee se metitur ad illum^ 
Quern dedit hseo, posuitque modum. Tamen utile quid sit- 
Pro spiciunt aliquando viri ; frigusque famemque 
Formica tandem quidam expavere magistra. 360 

Prodiga non sentit pereuntem fcemina censum : 
At velut exhausta redivivus pullulet area 
NummuSj, et e pleno semper tollatur acervo, 
Non unquam reputat quanti sibi gaudia constent. 

Sunt quas eunuchi imbelles ac mollia semper 365 
Oscula delectent, et desperatio barbae^ 
Et quod abortivo non est opus. Ilia voluptas 
Summa tamen^ quod jam calida matura juventa 
Inguina traduntur medicis^ jam pectine nigro. 
Ergo expectatos ac jussos crescere primum 3/0 

Testiculos^ postquam coeperunt esse bilibres^ 



than she who is carried on the neck of tall Syrians. 350 

That she may see the plays, Ogulnia hires a dress ; 
she hires attendants, a chair, a cushion, friends, 

a nurse, and a yellow-haired girl, to whom she may give her commands. 
Yet whatever is left of her father's money, 
and the newest vases, she bestows on smooth-faced wrestlers. 355 

To many there is but a scanty fortune at home ; but no woman 
has a sense of poverty, nor measures herself by it, or hath placed 
the bound which it has assigned her. Yet what may be useful 
men sometimes consider : cold and hunger 

some have at length dreaded, the ant itself being their instructor. 360 
An extravagant woman does not perceive her substance decaying : 
but as if money, self-renewed, would vegetate in the exhausted coffer, 
and always be taken from a large mass, 
she never reflects how much her pleasures cost her. 

There are women whom impotent eunuchs and their soft 365 

kisses always delight, and the hopelessness of a beard, 
and because there is no need of an abortion. Yet that is the period of 
the greatest delight, when, already in the glow of youth, 
the indications of manhood are delivered up to the surgeons. * * * 
Therefore those requisites, expected and first ordained to grow, 
after they have begun to be the weight of two pounds 371 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 65 

Tonsoris damno tantum, rapit Heliodorus. 
Conspicuus longe cunctisque notabilis intrat 
Balnea, nee dubie custodem vitis et horti 
Provocate a domina factus spado : dormiat ille 375 

Cum domina; sed tu jam durum, Posthume, jamque 
Tondendum eunucho Bromium committere noli. 

Si gaudet cantu, nullius fibula durat 
Vocem vendentis Prsetoribus ; organa semper 
In manibus : densi radiant testudine tota, 380 

Sardonyches : crispo pulsantur pectine chordae, 
Quo tener Hedymeles operam dedit : hunc tenet, hoe se 
Solatur, gratoque indulget basia plectro. 

Quaedam de numero Lamiarum, ac n minis alti, 
Cum farre et vino Janum Vestamque rogabat, 385 

An Capitolinam deberet Pollio quercum 
Sperare, et fidibus promittere. Quid faceret plus 
^Egrotante viro ? medicis quid tristibus erga 
Filiolum ? stetit ante aram, nee turpe putavit 
Pro cithara velare caput ; dictataque verba 390 

Protulit, ut mos est, et aperta palluit agna. 
Die mihi nunc, queeso ; die, antiquissime divum ; 
Respondes his, Jane pater ? magna otia coeli : 

does Heliodorus mutilate, to the loss of the barber only. 
Conspicuous from afar, and observable to all, he enters 
the baths, and confidently challenges the keeper of the vine and garden, 
having been made an eunuch by his mistress : let him sleep 375 

with his mistress ; but you, O Posthumus, be unwilling to trust 
Bromius, now plump and already fit to be shaved, to this eunuch. 

• If the lady delight in singing, the buckle of no one keeps its hold 
who hires his voice to the Praetors ; instruments are always 
in her hands : thick set sardonyx-stones sparkle over the whole lute : 
the strings are touched with the trembling quill, 381 

on which the tender Hedymeles bestowed his labour : this she holds, 
with this she is soothed, and confers kisses on the delightful plectrum. 

One of the number of the Lamise, and of exalted reputation, 
with meal and wine asked Janus and Vesta, 385 

whether Pollio ought to hope for the Capitoline oaken crown, 
and promise it to his harp. What more could she do 
for a sick husband ? what towards her little son, 

when the physicians despair ? she stood before the altar, nor thought it 
disgraceful to veil her head for a harper ; and the words dictated 390 
she uttered, as the custom is, and turned pale as the lamb was opened. 
Tell me now, I pray ; tell me, O most ancient of the gods ; 
do you answer these, O father Janus ? the ease of heaven is great : 



66 JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 

Non est, ut video, non est quod agatur apud vos. 
Hsee de comoedis te consulit : ilia tragoedum 395 

Commendare volet ; varicosus fiet haruspex ! 

Sed cantet potius quam totam pervolet urbem 
Audax^ et coetus possit quam ferre virorum ; 
Cumque paludatis ducibus, prsesente marito, 
Ipsa loqui recta facie strictisque mamillis. 400 

Hsec eadem novit quid toto fiat in orbe : 
Quid Seres,, quid Thraces agant : secreta novercse^ 
Et pueri : quis amet ; quis decipiatur adulter. 
Dicet quis viduam praegnantem fecerit, et quo 
Mense, quibus verbis concumbat queeque, modis quot. 
Instantem regi Armenio Parthoque cometen 406 

Prima videt : famam rumoresque ilia recentes 
Excipit ad portas ; quosdam facit : isse Niphatem 
In populos^ magnoque illic cuncta arva teneri 
Diluvio : nutare urbes, subsidere terras, 410 

Quocunque in trivio^ cuicunque est obvia^ narrat. 

Nee tamen id vitium magis intolerabile quam quod 
Vicinos humiles rapere^ et concidere loris 
Exorata solet : nam si latratibus alti 
Rumpuntur somnl, Fustes hue ocyiis, inquit^ 415 

there is not, as I see, not any thing that is to be done among you. 
This woman consults you concerning comedians : that wishes 395 

to recommend a tragedian : the soothsayer will become dropsical ! 

But let her sing rather than impudently fly through the whole city, 
and rather than she should suffer the society of men ; 
and talk with purple-robed officers, in her husband's presence, 
with an impudent face and bare breasts. 400 

This same woman knows what is done in the whole world : 
what the Seres, what the Thracians are doing: the secrets of a step -mother, 
and of her son : who is in love : what adulterer is deceived. 
She will tell who made the widow pregnant, and in what month, 404 
with what words every one prostitutes herself, and in how many ways. 
A comet threatening the Armenian and Parthian king 
she first descries : news and recent rumours 

she gathers at the gates ; some she invents : that the Niphates had flowed 
over the people, and that there all the fields were overwhelmed 
with the great flood : that the cities shake, that the lands sink, 410 

she tells in whatever street to whomsoever she meets. 

Nor yet is that vice more intolerable than that 
she is used to plunder her humble neighbours, and, though entreated, 
cut them with scourges : for if by the barkings of a dog her sound 
dreams are disturbed, she says, ' Bring clubs hither quickly,' 415 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 67 

Afferte^ atque illis dominum jubet ante feriri, 
Deinde canem : gravis occursu^ teterrima vultu^ 
Balnea nocte subit ; conchas et castra moveri 
Nocte jubet ; magno gaudet sudare tumultu : 
Cum lassata gravi ceciderunt brachia massa,, 420 

Callidus et cristse digitos impressit aliptes^ 
Ac summum domino femur exclamare coegit, 
(Convivae miseri interea somnoque fameque 
Urgentur,) tandem ilia venit rubicundula^ totum 
GEnophorum sitiens^ plena quod tenditur urna 425 

Admotum pedibus, de quo sextarius alter 
Ducitur ante cibum,, rabid am facturus orexim ; 
Dum redit, et loto terrain ferit intestino. 
Marmoribus rivi properant, aut lata Falernum 
Pelvis olet : nam sic tanquam alta in dolia longus 430 
Deciderit serpens^ bibit, et vomit. Ergo maritus 
Nauseat, atque oculis bilem substringit opertis. 

Ilia tamen gravior^ quae ciim discumbere coeptl 
Laudat Virgilium,, periturae ignoscit Elisse ; 
Committit vates^ et comparat ; inde Maronem 435 

Atque alia parte in trutina suspendit Homerum. 
Cedunt grammatics vincuntur rhetores^ omnis 

and she orders the master to be beaten with them first, 
then the dog : frightful to be met, most terrible in her aspect, 
she enters the baths by night ; she orders her couches and baggage 
to be moved in the night ; she delights to perspire in a great tumult : 
when her arms have fallen, wearied with the heavy mass, 420 

and the cunning anointer has impressed his fingers on her crest, 
and made the upper thigh of the mistress to smack, 
(the miserable guests meanwhile with sleep and hunger being oppressed,) 
at length she arrives all glowing, thirsting for a whole 
wine-flagon, which is held out to her in a full pitcher 425 

placed at her feet, out of which a second quart 
is quaffed before meat, to whet a ravenous appetite ; 
while up it comes, and strikes the earth as her stomach is cleansed. 
Torrents gush over the marble pavements, or a broad bason 
smells of Falernian : for, as if a long serpent had fallen 430 

into the deep cask, so she drinks, and vomits. Therefore the husband 
loathes, and suppresses his resentment by shutting his eyes. 
Yet she is more intolerable, who, when she begins to eat, 
praises Virgil, excuses Dido when about to destroy herself ; 
introduces the poets, and compares them ; on the one side 435 

she weighs Maro in the scale, and on the other part Homer. 
The grammarians yield, the rhetoricians are overcome, all 



68 JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 

Turba tacet ; nee causidicus, nee praeco loquatur, 

Altera nee mulier : verhorum tanta cadit vis, 

Tot pariter pelves, tot tintinnabula dicas 440 

Pulsari. Jam nemo tubas, nemo aera fatiget ; 

Una laboranti poterit succurrere lunae, 

Imponit finem sapiens et rebus honestis. 

Nam quae docta nimis cupit et facunda videri, 

Crure tenus medio tunicas succingere debet, 445 

Caedere Sylvand porcum, quadrante lavari. 

Non habeat matrona, tibi quae juncta recumbit, 
Dicendi genus, aut curtum sermone rotato 
Torqueat enthymema ; nee historias sciat omnes, 
Sed quaedam ex libris, et non intelligat. Odi 450 

Hanc ego quae repetit volvitque Palaemonis artem, 
Servata semper lege et ratione loquendi, 
Ignotosque mihi tenet antiquaria versus, 
Nee curanda virls Opicae castigat amicae 
Verba. Soloecismum liceat fecisse marito. 455 

Nil non permittit mulier sibi ; turpe putat nil, 
Cum virides gemmas collo circumdedit, et cum 
Auribus extensis magnos commisit elenchos. 
Intolerdbilius nihil est quamfcemina dives. 

the company is silenced ; neither lawyer nor common crier can speak, 

nor any other woman : such a torrent of words falls out ; 439 

you would say that so many basons, so many little bells at the same time 

were struck. Now let none tire out the trumpets, none the brass kettles, 

she alone is able to relieve the labouring moon, 

and in her wisdom she assigns a definition to virtuous actions. 

For she who desires to be esteemed too learned and eloquent, 

ought to tuck her coats up to the middle of her leg, 445 

to sacrifice a hog to Sylvanus, to bathe for a farthing. 

Let not the matron, who wedded to you lies by your side, 
have the art of declaiming, or in the circumlocutory discourse 
introduce a short enthymeme ; nor let her know all histories, 
but a few things from books, and not comprehend their import. 450 

I hate her who repeats and turns over the 'Art of Palsemon,' 
always observing the rule and propriety of speaking, 
and as an antiquary quotes verses unknown to me, 
and corrects expressions of her Opic friend not noticed by men. 
It should be allowed a husband to commit a solecism. 455 

A woman permits every thing to herself ; she thinks nothing base, 
when she has put her green gems about her neck, and when 
she has entrusted her large pear-like jewels to her extended ears. 
Nothing is more intolerable than a rich woman. 






JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 69 

Interea foeda aspectu, ridendaque^ multo 460 

Pane tumet facies^ aut pinguia Poppseana 

Spiral et hinc miseri viscantur labra mariti. 

Ad moechum veniet lota cute : quando videri 

Vult formosa domi ? moechis foliata parantur ; 

His emitur quicquid graciles hue mittitis Indi. 465 

Tandem aperit vultum,, et tectoria prima reponit : 

Incipit agnoscL, atque illo lacte fovetur^ 

Propter quod secum comites educit asellas^ 

Exul Hyperboreum si dimittatur ad axem. 

Sed quae mutatis inducitur atque fovetur 470 

Tot medicaminibuSj coctaeque siliginis offas 

Accipit et madidse^ facies dicetur an ulcus ? 

Est operse pretium penitus cognoscere toto 
Quid faciant agitentque die. Si nocte maritus 
Aversus j acuit, periit libraria^ ponunt 475 

Cosmetee tunicas,, tarde venisse Liburnus 
Dicitur, et poenas alieni pendere somni 
Cogitur ; hie frangit ferulas^ rubet ille flagello^ 
Hie scutica : sunt quae tortoribus annua praestant. 
Verberat, atque obiter faciem Unit ; audit arnicas^ 480 
Aut latum pictee vestis considerat aurum ; 

In the mean time her face, filthy to behold, and ridiculous, 460 

is besmeared with a quantity of paste, or exudes rankPoppsean ointments, 

and hence the lips of her miserable husband are glued together. 

She will come to the adulterer with a clean skin : when does she wish 

to appear beautiful at home ? perfumes are prepared for her adulterers ; 

for them is purchased whatever, O slender Indians, ye send hither. 465 

At length she uncases her face, and takes off the first plasterings : 

she begins to be recognized, and is fomented with that milk 

for which she carries with her abroad her she -asses as her attendants, 

even if she were to be sent off as an exile to the north pole. 

But that which is daubed and poulticed 470 

with so many various cosmetics, and receives pastes of boiled 

and moist white-bread, shall it be called a face or an ulcer ? 

It is worth the labour thoroughly to learn 
what they do and how employed the whole day. If at night the husband 
has lain with his back turned to her, the house -keeper is undone, 475 

the tire -women must put off their clothes, the Liburnian slave is said 
to have come late, and is compelled to suffer the punishment of another's 
drowsiness : this slave breaks the rods, that bleeds by the lash, 
this by the switch : there are wives who pay annuities to torturers. 
She flogs, and at the same time daubs her face ; hears her gossips, 480 
or examines the broad gold of her embroidered garment ; 



70 JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 

Et caedens longi repetit transacta diurni. 
Et csedit donee lassis ceedentibus^ Exi, 
Internet horrendum, jam cognitione peracta. 

Prsefectura domus Sicula non mitior aula. 485 

Nam si constituit, solitoque decentius optat 
Ornari^ et properat, jamque expectatur in hortis, 
Aut apud Isiacae potius sacraria lense ; 
Componit crinem,, laceratis ipsa capillis,, 
Nuda humeros Psecas infelix^ nudisque mamillis. 490 
Altior hie quare cincinnus ? taurea punit 
Continuo flexi crimen facinusque capilli. 
Quid Psecas admisit ? qusenam est hie culpa puellee, 
Si tibi displicuit nasus tuus ? Altera leevum 
Extendit, pectitque comas,, et volvit in orbem. 495 

Est in consilio matrona^ admotaque lanis 
Emerita quae cessat acu : sententia prima 
Hujus erit ; post hanc eetate atque arte minores 
Censebunt, tanquam famee discrimen agatur^ 
Aut animse : tanti est quasrendi cura decoris. 500 

Tot premit ordinibus,, tot adhuc compagibus altum 
^Edificat caput : Andromachen a fronte videbis ; 
Post minor est ; aliam credas. Cedo^ si breve parvi 



and while lashing reads over the transactions of her long journal. 
And she lashes till the scourgers being weary- 
she thunders out dreadfully, ' Be gone, the account being now settled.' 

The government of the house is not milder than the Sicilian court. 485 
For if she has an appointment, and wishes more neatly than usual 
to be adorned, and is in haste, and already expected in the gardens, 
or rather at the chapel of the Isiac bawd ; 

unhappy Psecas has to dress her hair, with her own locks torn, 
her shoulders bare, and naked breasts. 490 

' Why is this curl higher ?' The leather thong 
immediately punishes the crime and wickedness of a ruffled hair. 
What has Psecas committed ? what fault of the girl is here, 
if your nose has displeased you ? Another unties the left side, ;• 
and combs the locks, and rolls them into curl. 495 

The old Qurse is in the council, who also being appointed to spin wool 
is discharged from using the crisping- pin : her opinion 
shall be first ; after her the less advanced in age and skill 
will give their sentiments, as if the danger of character 
or life were concerned : the care of seeking beauty is so great. 500 

With so many rows she presses her towering head, with so many stories 
she builds it still : you will see her an Andromache in the forehead ; 
she is shorter behind ; you would believe her another person. Excuse her, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 71 

Sortita est lateris spatiurn, breviorque videtur 

Virgine Pygmsea, nullis adjuta cothurnis, 505 

Et levis erecta consurgit ad oscula planta. 

Nulla viri cura inter ea^ nee mentio fiet 
Damnomm : vivit tanquam vicina mariti ; 
Hoc solo propior^ quod amicos conjugis odit 
Et servos. Gravis est rationibus. Ecce furentis 510 
Bellonee matrisque deum chorus intrat, et ingens 
Semivir, obscoeno facies reverenda minori^ 
Mollia qui rupta secuit genitalia testa^ 
Jampridem cui rauca cohors^ cui tympana cedunt 
Plebeia^ et Phrygia vestitur bucca tiara : 515 

Grande sonat^ metuique jubet Septembris et Austri 
Adventunij nisi se centum lustraverit ovis^ 
Et xerampelinas veteres donaverit ipsi ; 
Ut quicquid subiti et magni discriminis instate 
In tunicas eat, et to turn semel expiet annum. 520 

Hybernum fracta glacie descendet in amnem^ 
Ter matutino Tiberi merge tur, et ipsis 
Vorticibus timidum caput abluet : inde Superbi 
Totum regis agrunx, nuda ac tremebunda^ cruentis 
Erepet genibus. Si Candida jusserit 15^ 525 

if the short space of a slender waist has been given, and she seems shorter 
than a Pygmsean virgin, aided by no high-heeled shoes, 505 

and being light she rises to the kisses on her tip-toe. 

Meanwhile there is no care for her husband, nor will mention be made 
of his losses : she lives only as if the neighbour of her husband ; 
nearer in this alone, that she detests her husband's friends 
and servants. She is heavy on his finances. Behold the choir 510 

of the mad Bellona and of the mother of the gods enters, and the bulky 
eunuch, a countenance revered by the obscene rabble, 
who cut off the attributes of manhood with a broken shell, to whom 
for a long time the hoarse-sounding cohort, to whom plebeian timbrels 
pay homage, and his cheek is covered by a Phrygian turban : he sounds 
aloud, and orders the approach of September and of the south wind 516* 
to be dreaded, unless the wife shall purify herself with a hundred eggs, 
and give her old russet-coloured garments to him ; 
that whatever sudden and great danger may threaten, 
it may go into the clothes, and at once expiate the whole year. 520 

The ice being broken she will descend into a winter river, 
thrice in a morning will be plunged in the Tiber, and in the whirlpools 
themselves cleanse her timid head : thence naked and trembling- 
she will crawl over the whole field of king Tarquin the Proud 
on her bleeding knees. If milk-white Io shall command, 525 



72 JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 

Ibit ad ^Egypti finein, calidaque petitas 

A Meroe portabit aquas^ ut spargat in eede 

Isidis,, antiquo quae proxima surgit ovili. 

Credit enim ipsius dominse se voce moneri. 

En animam et mentem cum qua di nocte loquantur ! 530 

Ergo hie preecipuum summumque meretur honorem, 

Qui grege linigero circumdatus,, et grege calvo 

Plangentis populi^ currit derisor Anubis. 

Ille petit veniam, quoties non abstinet uxor 

Concubitu sacrls observandisque diebus ; 535 

Magnaque debetur violato poena cadurco : 

Et movisse caput visa est argentea serpens. 

Illius lachrymse meditataque murmura prsestant^ 

Ut veniam culpse non abnuat, ansere magno 

Scilicet, et tenui popano corruptus Osiris. 540 

Cum dedit ille locum^ cophino fcenoque relicto^ 
Arcanam Judaea tremens mendicat in aurem^ 
Interpres legum Solymarum^ et magna sacerdos 
Arboris^ ac summi fida internuncia coeli ; 
Implet et ilia manum, sed parciiis : eere minuto 545 
Qualiacunque voles Judsei somnia vendunt. 
Spondet amatorem tenerum, vel divitis orbi 

she will go to the utmost bound of iEgypt, and bring home waters 

fetched from sultry Meroe, that she may sprinkle them in the temple 

of Isis, which rises near the old sheepfold. 

For she believes that she is advised by the voice of the goddess herself. 

Behold the soul and mind with which the gods converse by night ! 530 

Thus the holy buffoon of Anubis has the chief and supreme honour, 

who runs surrounded by his linen-wearing train, 

and the bald-headed crowd of wailing people. 

He sues for pardon, as often as a wife does not abstain 

from an embrace on holy and solemn days ; 535 

as a severe punishment is due for violating the marriage-bed : 

and the silver serpent is observed to shake its head. 

His tears and pretended murmurs prevail, 

that Osiris cannot refuse pardon to her fault, being bribed, 

forsooth, by a large goose and a thin round cake. 540 

When he has given place, a trembling Jewess, having left 
her basket and hay, begs secretly in her ear, 
an interpreter of the laws of Jerusalem, and the great priestess 
of a tree, and faithful internuncio of the highest heaven ; 
and she fills her hand but too sparingly : for a little money 545 

the Jews vend any sort of dreams you please. 
A tender lover, or a great legacy from a rich childless man, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 73 

Testamentum ingens^ calidse pulmone columbse 
Tractato^ Armenius, vel Commagenus aruspex : 
Pectora pullorum rimatur^ et exta catelli^ 550 

Interdum et pueri : faciet quod deferat ipse. 
Chaldseis sed major erit fiducia : quicquid 
Dixerit astrologus^ credent a fonte relatum 
Hammonis ; quoniam Delphis oracula cessant, 
Et genus humanum damnat caligo futuri. 555 

Preecipuus tamen est honing qui ssepius exul^ 
Cujus amicitia conducendaque tabella 
Magnus civis obit, et formidatus Othoni. 
Inde fides arti^ sonuit si dextera ferro 
Lsevaque^ si longo castrorum in carcere mansit. 560 
Nemo mathematicus genium indemnatus habebh% 
Sed qui pene pent : cui vix in Cyclada mitti 
Contigit, et parva tandem caruisse Seripho. 
Consulit ictericae lento de funere matris^ 
Ante tamen de te^ Tanaquil tua : quando sororem 565 
Efferat et patruos : an sit victurus adulter 
Post ipsam. Quid enim majus dare numina possunt ? 
Hoec tamen ignorat quid sidus triste minetur 
Saturn! ; quo leeta Venus se proferat astro ; 

from inspecting the lungs of a warm pigeon, 

does the Armenian or Commagenian soothsayer promise : 

the breasts of chickens he examines, and the entrails of a whelp, 550 

and sometimes of a boy : he will do what he himself would inform against. 

But there will be greater confidence in Chaldaeans : whatever 
an astrologer shall say, they will believe it as brought from the fount 
of Hammon : since the oracles at Delphi are no more, 
and the darkness cf futurity condemns the human race. 555 

Yet the chief of these is he who has oftenest been an exile, 
by whose friendship and hired tablet 
a great citizen, and dreaded by Otho, died. 

Hence is credit to his art, if his right and left hand hath clanked 
with iron, if he hath continued in long imprisonment of the camp. 560 
No mathematician uncondemnned will possess a genius, 
but he who hath nearly perished : to whom to be sent to the Cyclades 
only it has hardly happened, and at last to have escaped little Seriphus. 
Your Tanaquil consults about the tedious death of her jaundiced mother, 
though first respecting yourself : also when 565 

she shall bury her sister and uncles : whether her adulterer shall live 
after herself. For what greater favour can the deities grant ? 
Yet she is ignorant what the baleful influence of Saturn may threaten ; 
with what star propitious Venus may shew herself ; 

E 



74 JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 

Qui mensis damno^ quae dentur tempora lucro. 5 70 

Illius occursus etiam vitare memento^ 

In cujus manibus^ ceu pinguia succina^ tritas 

Cernis ephemeridas ; quae nullum consulit, et jam 

Consulitur ; quae,, castra viro patriamque petente^ 

Non ibit pariter,, numeris revocata Thrasylli. 575 

Ad primum lapidem vectari cum placet^ hora 

Sumitur ex libro ; si prurit frictus ocelli 

Angulus,, inspecta genesi, collyria poscit. 

zEgra licet jaceat^ capiendo nulla videtur 

Aptior hora cibo,, nisi quam dederit Petosiris. 580 

Si mediocris erit, spatium lustrabit utrumque 
Metarum, et sortes ducet ; frontemque manurnque 
Preebebit vati crebrum poppysma roganti. 
Divitibus responsa dabit Phryx augur ; et Indus 
Con ductus dabh% astrorum mundique peritus ; 585 

Atque aliquis senior, qui publica fulgura condit. 
Plebeium in Circo positum est et in aggere fatum : 
Quae nullis longum ostendit cervicibus auruin, 
Consulit ante Phalas Delphinorumque columnas^ 
An saga vendenti nubat^, caupone relicto. 590 

Hee tamen et partus subeunt discrimen^ et omnes 

what month may be assigned to loss, what seasons to gain. 570 

Moreover remember to avoid encountering her 

in whose hands you see, like fat amber, the soiled 

ephemeris ; who consults none, and is now consulted ; 

who, on her husband going to the camp and to his native country, 574 

will not go along with him, being recalled by the numbers of Thrasyllus. 

When it pleases her to be carried to the first mile-stone, the hour 

is taken out of her book ; if the chafed corner of her eye itches, 

having inspected the scheme of her nativity, she calls for eye -salves. 

Although she lie sick, no hour appears 

fitted for taking meat, but what Petosiris hath prescribed. 580 

If she be poor, she will traverse each boundary 
of the goals, and draw lots ; both her forehead and hand 
will she shew to the fortune-teller, who desires frequent caressing. 
To the rich a Phrygian augur will give responses ; and a hired Indian, 
skilled in the spheres and globe, will give them ; 585 

and some elder, who expiates the public lightnings. 
The plebeian fate is cast in the Circus and on the mount of Tarquin : 
she who exhibits not the long gold-chain about her neck, 
consults before the Towers and the columns of the Dolphins, whether 
she must marry the seller of old clothes, on the sutler being dismissed. 
Yet these both undergo the danger of child-bearing, and all 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 75 

Nutricis tolerant^ fortuna urgente, labores : 

Sed jacet aurato vix ulla puerpera lecto. 

Tantum artes hujus^ tantum medicamina possunt, 

Quae steriles facit, atque homines in ventre necandos 

Conducit. Gaude,, infelix, atque ipse bibendum 596 

Porrige quicquid erit : nam si distendere vellet, 

Et vexare uterum pueris salientibus, esses 

^Ethiopis fortasse pater : mox decolor hseres 

Impleret tabulas^ nunquam tibi mane videndus. 600 

Transeo suppositos^ et gaudia votaque seepe 
Ad spurcos decepta lacus, atque inde petitos 
Pontifices Salios, Scaurorum nomina falso 
Corpore laturos. Stat Fortuna improba noctu^ 
Arridens nudis infantibus : hos fovet omnes^ 605 

Involvitque sinu ; domibus tunc porrigit altis^ 
Secretumque sibi mimum parat : hos amat, his se 
Ingerit^ atque suos ridens producit alumnos. 

Hie magicos atTert cantus^ hie Thessala vendit 
Philtra^ quibus valeant men tern vexare mariti, 610 

Et solea pulsare nates. Quod desipis inde est ; 
Inde animi caligo^ et magna oblivio rerum 
Quas modo gessisti. Tamen hoc tolerabile^ si non 

the labours of a nurse endure, as necessity compels : 

but scarcely any child-bearing woman lies in an embroidered bed. 

So much the arts, so much the medicines of her can do 

who makes them barren, and undertakes to destroy human beings 595 

in the womb. Unhappy you, rejoice, and do you hold out to her 

whatever shall be drunk : for if she were inclined to distend 

and disturb her womb with bouncing boys, you might be 

perhaps the father of an Ethiopian : by and by a discoloured heir, 599 

never to be viewed by you in the morning, might nil up your last will. 

I pass over supposititious children, and the joys and vows, often 
deceptive, at the filthy lakes, and the Salian priests thence brought, 
to bear the names of the Scauri on their false 
bodies. Capricious Fortune stands by night 

smiling on these naked infants : she cherishes them all, 605 

and folds them in her bosom ; then conveys them into illustrious houses, 
and prepares secret diversion for herself : these she loves, in these 
she interests herself, and smiling produces her foster children. 

One brings magic charms, another sells Thessalian 609 

philtres, with which they may be able to torment the mind of a husband, 
and strike his buttock with a slipper. Hence it is that you become mad ; 
hence a gloominess of mind, and a great forgetfulness of the affairs 
which you have but just transacted. However, this is tolerable, if 

E 2 



l\ 



76 JUVENALIS SATIRA VL 

Et furere incipias,, ut avunculus ille Neronis 

Cui totam tremuli frontem Ceesonia pulli 615 

Infudit. Quee non faciet quod principis uxor? 

Ardebant cuncta^ et fracta compage ruebant, 

Non aliter quam si fecisset Juno maritum 

Insanum. Minus ergo nocens erit Agrippinse 

Boletus : siquidem unius prsecordia pressit 620 

Ille seniSj tremulumque caput descendere jussit 

In coelum^ et longa manantia labra saliva. 

Hsec poscit ferrum atque ignes^ hsec potio torquet^ 

Heec lacerat mistos Equitum cum sanguine Patres. 

Tanti partus equie, tanti una venefica constat. 625 

Oderunt natos de pellice : nemo repugnat^ 
Nemo vetat : jamjam privignum occidere fas est. 
Vos ego^ pupilli^ moneo^ quibus amplior est res^ 
Custodite animas^ et nulli credite mensee : 
Livida materno fervent adipata veneno. 630 

Mordeat ante aliquis quicquid porrexerit ilia 
Quae peperit : timidus prsegustet pocula pappas. 

Fingimus hsec^ altum satira sumente cotnurnum 
Scilicet^ et^ finem egressi legemque priorum^ 
Grande Sophocleo carmen bacchamur hiatu^ 635 

you do not likewise begin to rave, as that uncle of Nero 614 

to whom Csesonia administered the whole forehead of a quivering foal. 

Who will not do what the wife of a prince has done ? 

All parts were in flames, and, the frame being disarranged, burst forth, 

not otherwise than as if Juno had made her husband 

insane. Therefore the mushroom of Agrippina will be less noxious : 

since it checked the vitals of only one old man, 620 

and directed his paralysed head to descend 

to heaven, and his lips flowing with lengthened saliva. 

But this calls for the sword and flames, this potion torments, 

this lacerates Senators mixed with the blood of Knights. 624 

Of such effect is the brood of a mare, so much can a female poisoner do. 

They abominate those born of a courtezan : no one opposes this, 
no one forbids it : but now it is permitted to kill a son-in-law. 
I advise you, orphans, who have an ample fortune, — 
take care of your lives, and trust to no table : 

the livid delicacies effervesce with maternal poison. 630 

Let some one first partake of whatever she who bore you may offer : 
let your wary foster-father previously taste your cups. 

Do we invent these things, as if satire assumed the lofty buskin, 
and, having passed the bound and law of former tragedians, 
do we rant a lofty verse in Sophoclean strain, 635 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 77 

Montibus ignotum Rutulis coeloque Latino ? 
Nos utinam van! ! sed clamat Pontia^ Feci, 
Confiteor, puerisque meis aconita paravi^ 
Quae deprensa patent : facinus tamen ipsa peregi. 
Tune duos una,, saevissima vipera,, ccena? 640 

Tune duos ? Septem,, si septem forte fuissent. 
Credamus tragicis quicquid de Colchide sseva 
Dicitur et Progne. Nil contra conor : et illse 
Grandia monstra suis audebant temporibus^ sed 
Non propter nummos. Minor admiratio summis 645 
Debetur monstris^ quoties facit ira nocentem 
Hunc sexum ; et rabie jecur incendente feruntur 
Preecipites^ ut saxa jugis abrupta^ quibus mons 
Subtrahitur, clivoque latus pendente recedit. 

Illam ego non tulerlm quae computat et scelus ingens 
Sana facit. Spectant subeuntem fata mariti 65 1 

Alcestim ; et similis si permutatio detur^ 
Morte viri cuperent animam servare catellae. 

Occurrent mult^ tibi Belides atque Eriphylae : 
Mane Clytaemnestram nullus non vicus habebit. 655 
Hoc tantum refert, quod Tyndaris ilia bipennem 
Insulsam et fatuam dextra levaque tenebat : 

unknown to the Rutulian mountains and the Latian air ? 

Would that we were fabulous ! but Pontia exclaims, ' I have done it, 

I confess it, and I have prepared poisons for my boys, 

which being detected are evident : yet I myself committed the crime.' 

Did you kill two at one meal, O most cruel viper ? 640 

did you kill two ? ' Seven, if by chance there had been seven.' 

We may believe the tragedians whatever is said of the savage Coichan 

and Progne. I attempt nothing in contradiction : and these women 

perpetrated great atrocities in their times, but 

not for money. Less wonder is excited by these most enormous 645 

crimes, when anger makes the sex resentful ; 

and by fury inflaming the liver they are carried on 

headlong, as stones torn from mountain- tops, from which the mountain 

is withdrawn, and the side starts from the pendent declivity. 

I could not tolerate her who premeditates, and in her senses (S'50 

commits, a great wickedness. They behold Alceste undergoing the fate 
of her husband on the stage; and, if a like change were permitted, 
they would wish to save the life of a lap-dog by the death of the husband. 

Many Belides and Eriphylse will meet you : ' 
there is no street that will not have a Clytaemnestra in the morning. 655 
This only makes the difference, that that daughter of Tyndarus 
held a bungling and foolish axe in the right and left hand : 



78 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VI. 



At nunc res agitur tenui pulmone rubetee ; 
Sed tamen et ferro,, si preegustarit Atrides 
Pontica ter victi cautus medicamina regis. 



660 



but now the business is accomplished with the subtle lungs of a red toad ; 
but still also with the steel, if the cautious Atrides had previously tasted 
the Pontic antidotes of the thrice-vanquished monarch. 660 



SATIRA VII. 

AD TELESINUM, DE UTERIS ET ARTIBUS NEGLECTIS. 



Et spes et ratio studiorum in Caesare tantum : 
Solus enim tristes hac tempestate Camoenas 
Respexit; cum jam celebres notique poetee 
Balneolum Gabiis, Romse conducere furnos 
Tentarentj nee foedum alii nee turpe putarent 5 

Praecones fieri ; cum desertis Aganippes 
Vallibus esuriens migraret in atria Clio. 

Nam si Pieria quadrans tibi nullus in umbra 
Ostendatur, ames nomen victumque Machseree ; 
Et vendas potiiis commissa quod auctio vendit 10 

Stantibus^ oenophorum, tripodes^ armaria^ cistas, 
Alcithoen Pacci, Thebas et Terea Fausti. 
Hoc satius quam si dicas sub judice^ Vidi 
Quod non vidisti : faciant equites Asiani^ 
Quanquam et Cappadoces faciant^ equitesque Bithyni^ 15 
Altera quos nudo traducit Gallia talo. 

Nemo tamen studiis indignum ferre laborem 
Cogetur posthac, nectit quicunque canoris 
Eloquium vocale modis^ laurumque momordit. 

Both the hope and reward of our studies are in Csesar only : 

for he alone at this season hath regarded the mournful Muses ; 

when now our illustrious and noted poets would endeavour to hire 

a little bath at Gabii, or bake-houses at Rome, 

others would consider it neither disgraceful nor base 5 

to become common criers ; when, the valleys of Aganippe being deserted, 

starving Clio would remove to porters' lodges. 

For if not a farthing can be shown you in the Pierian shade, 
you may indeed love the name and livelihood of Machaera ; 
and rather sell what the commissioned auction vends 10 

to by-standers, — a wine-cruet, trivets, book-cases, chests, 
the Alcithoe of Paccius, the Thebes and Tereus of Faustus. 
This is better than if you say in the presence of a judge, ' I have seen ' 
what you have not seen : although the Asiatic knights do it, 
and the Cappadocians do it, and Bithynian knights, 15 

whom the farther Gaul transplants bare-footed. 

Nobody, however, shall be obliged to endure labour unworthy 
of his studies hereafter, who with melodious measures unites 
vocal eloquence, and browses on the laurel. 

E 4 



80 JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 

Hoc agite, 6 juvenes I circumspicit et stimulat vos^ 20 
Materiamque sibi ducis indulgehtia quserit. 
Si qua aliunde putas rerum expectanda tuarum 
Preesidia^ atque ideo croceoe membrana tabellse 
Impletmv, lignorum aliquid posee ocyus^ et quee 
Componis, dona Veneris,, Telesine^ marito, 25 

Aut claude et positos tinea pertunde libellos. 
Frange miser calamos, vigilataque proelia dele^ 
Qui facis in parva sublimia carmina cella, 
Ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra. 

Spes nulla ulterior : didicit jam dives avarus 30 

Tantum admirari,, tantum laudare disertos., 
Ut pueri Junonis avem. Sed denuit setas, 
Et pelagi patiens^ et cassidis^ atque ligonis. 
Taedia tunc subeunt animos, tunc seque suamque 
Terpsichoren odit facunda et nuda senectus. 35 

Accipe nunc artes^ ne quid tibi conferat iste 
Quern colis : et Musarum et Apollinis eede relicta, 
Ipse facit versus^ atque uni cedit Homero, 
Propter mille annos. At si dulcedine famee 
Succensus recites^ Maculonus commodat eedes : 40 

Ac longe ferrata domus servire jubetur, 

Attend to this, O young men! the benignity of the Emperor looks around 

and stimulates you, and seeks occasion for showing itself. 21 

If you think any patronage of your affairs is to be expected elsewhere, 

and therefore the parchment of your yellow table-book 

is filled up, call for some faggots quickly, and what 

you compose, O Telesinus, give to the husband of Venus, 25 

or shut up and consume with the moth your neglected books. 

Hapless man, break your pens, and cancel your laboured battles, 

you who make sublime verses in a little cell, 

that you may become worthy of the ivy and a slender statue. 

There is no ulterior expectation : now the rich miser has learned 30 
only to admire, only to praise the eloquent, 
as children do the bird of Juno. But the season of life, 
patient both of the sea, and of the helmet, and the spade, decays. 
Then chagrin seizes the mind, then both itself and its own 
Terpsichore does eloquent and naked old age detest. 35 

Now hear his artifices, lest he whom you court should bestow any thing : 
having left the Temple both of the Muses and Apollo, 
he himself makes verses, and yields to Homer alone, 
because a thousand years before him. But if inspired with the sweetness 
of fame you recite, Maculonus lends his apartments ; 40 

and his house strongly barred is ordered to serve you, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 81 

In qua sollicitas imitatur janua portas. 
Scit dare libertos extrema in parte sedentes 
Ordinisj et magnas comitum disponere voces. 
Nemo dabit regum quanti subsellia constent, 45 

Et quae condueto pendent anabathra tigillo^ 
Queeque reportandis posita est orchestra cathedris. 
Nos tamen hoc agimus^ tenuique in pulvere sulcos 
Ducimus, et littus sterili versamus aratro. 
Nam si discedas^ laqueo tenet ambitiosi 50 

Consuetudo mail : tenet insanabile multos 
Scribendi cacoethes, et cegro in corde senescit. 
Sed vatem egregium, cui non sit publica vena^ 
Qui nihil expositum soleat deducere^ nee qui 
Communi feriat carmen triviale moneta, 55 

(Hunc qualem nequeo monstrare^ et sentio tantum,,) 
Anxietate carens animus facit^ omnis acerbi 
ImpatienSj cupidus sylvarum,, aptusque bibendis 
Fontibus Aonidum. Neque enim cantare sub antro 
Pierio^ thyrsumve potest contingere sana 60 

PaupertaSj atque aeris inops^, quo nocte dieque 
Corpus eget. Satur est^ cum dicit Horatius^ Euhoe! 
Quis locus ingenioj nisi cum se carmine solo 

in which the door resembles anxiously guarded city-gates. 
He knows how to dispose his freedmen sitting in the farthest part 
of the row, and to excite the loud plaudits of his attendants. 
None of the patrons will give what the benches cost, 45 

or the stairs that hang by a hired beam, 

or the orchestra which is set with chairs to be carried back again. 
Yet we do this, and draw furrows in the light dust, 
and turn up the shore with an unproductive plough. 
For if you would abandon it, the custom of an ambitious evil 50 

holds you in a chain : the incurable itch of writing 
infatuates many, and c/rows inveterate in their diseased minds. 
But, an excellent poet, — to whom no common faculty belongs, 
who is accustomed to produce nothing trifling, nor who 
strikes off a trivial ode in common style, . .55 

(him such as I cannot describe, and only conceive,) — 
that mind produces, which is free from anxiety, of all trouble 
impatient, enamoured of the woods, and fitted for drinking 
the fountains of the Aonides. For sober poverty can neither sing 
under the Pierian cave, or touch the thyrsus, 60 

when destitute of money, which night and day 

the body requires. When Horace cried, Euhoe! he was well filled. 
What room for genius, unless when our souls with vei^e alone 

E 5 



82 JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 

Vexantj et dominis Cirrhse Nisseque feruntur 
Pectora nostra,, duas non admittentia curas ? 65 

Magnse mentis opus., nee de lodice paranda 
Attonitae^ currus et equos^ faciesque deorum 
Aspicere,, et quails Rutulum confundit Erinnys. 
Nam si Virgilio puer et tolerabile desit 
Hospitium, caderent omnes a crinibus hydri : 70 

Surda nihil gemeret grave buccina. Poscimus ut sit 
Non minor antiquo Rubrenus Lappa cothurno^ 
Cujus et alveolos et lanam pignerat Atreus ? 

Non habet infelix Numitor quod mittat amico ! 
Quintillce quod donet habet : nee defuit illi 75 

Unde emeret multa pascendum carne leonem 
Jam domitum. Constat leviori bellua sumptu 
Nimirum,, et capiunt plus intestina poetee. 

Contentus fama jaceat Lucanus in hortis 
Marmoreis : at Serrano tenuique Saleio 80 

Gloria quantalibet, quid erit, si gloria tantum est ? 

Curritur ad vocem jucundam, et carmen amicse 
Thebaidos^ laetam fecit cum Statius urbem^ 
Promisitque diem : tanta dulcedine captos 
Afficit ille animos_, tantaque libidine vulgi 85 



are engaged, and by the deities of Cirrha and Nisa are borne along, 

not admitting other cares ? 65 

It is the work of a great mind, not distracted about obtaining a blanket, 

to treat of chariots and horses, and the forms of the gods, 

and what Fury confounds the Rutulian. 

For if a servant and a tolerable lodging had been wanting to Virgil, 

all the snakes would have fallen inert from the Fury's locks : 70 

the dull trumpet would have sounded nothing grand. Do we expect that 

Rubrenus Lappa should not fall short of the ancient buskin, 

of whom Atreus had pledged both the platters and woollen garment ? 

Unhappy Numitor has not what he should send to his friend ! 
but he has what he can give to Quintilla : nor did he want 75 

wherewith he could purchase a lion to be fed with abundance of flesh, 
and already tamed. The beast stands him in less expense, 
no doubt, and the intestines of the poet require the most. 

Lucan, content with fame, may repose in his marble gardens : 
but what will it be to Serranus and lean Saleius, HO 

however great the glory, if it is only glory ? 

They hurry to the pleasing voice, and the verse of the favourite 
Thebais, when Statius made the city joyful, 

and appointed the day : he affects their minds enraptured 84 

with such sweetness, and is heard by the rabble with so much transport : 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 8S 

Auditur: sed cum fregit subsellia versu^ 

Esurit, intactam Paridi nisi vendat Agaven. 

Ille et militia multis largitur honorem ; 

Semestri vatum digitos circumligat auro. 

Quod non dant proceres dabit histrio. Tu Camerinos 90 

Et Bareas^ tu nobilium magna atria curas ? 

Preefectos Pelopea facit, Philomela tribunos. 

Haud tamen invideas vati^ quern pulpita pascunt. 
Quis tibi Maecenas ? quis nunc erit aut Proculeius^ 
Aut Fabius ? quis Cotta iterum ? quis Lentulus alter ? 95 
Tunc par ingenio pretium : tunc utile multis 
Pallere^ et vinum toto nescire Decembri, 

Vester porro labor foecundior^ historiarum 
Scriptores : petit hie plus temporis^ atque olei plus : 
Namque oblita modi millesima pagina surgit 100 

Omnibus,, et crescit multa damnosa papyro. 
Sic ingens rerum numerus jubet, atque operum lex. 
Quae tamen inde seges ? terree quis fructus apertee ? 
Quis dabit historico quantum daret acta legenti ? 
Sed genus ignavum quod lecto gaudet et umbra. 105 

Die igitur, quid causidicis civilia praestent 
Officia^ et magno comites in fasce libelli ? 

yet when he hath broken the benches by his verse, 

he starves, unless he can sell his Agave unacted to Paris. 

He also bestows the honour of a commission on many ; 

he encircles the fingers of poets with a summer gold ring. 

What the nobles do not give a player will bestow. Do you care for 90 

the Camerini and the Barese, do you regard the great courts of noblemen ? 

Pelopea makes prefects, Philomela tribunes. 

However, you need not envy the poet whom the theatres support. 
Who is a Mecsenas to you? who now will be either a Proculeius, 
or a Fabius ? who a Cotta again ? who another Lentulus ? 95 

Then was reward equal to genius : then was it profitable to many 
to be pale with study, and not to taste wine all December. 

Moreover, ye writers of histories, your labour is more prolific : 
this requires more time, and more oil : 

for the thousandth page, forgetful of measure, swells 100 

to all, and grows expensive by the quantity of paper. 
So the great variety of things, and the law of writing enjoins. 
Yet what harvest from thence ? what fruit of the opened ground ? 
who will give the historian as much as he would give the framer of p] 
But lazy is the race that indulges in bed and the shade. 105 

Say then, what do offices of law produce to pleaders, 
or briefs which accompany them in a large bundle ? 



84 JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 

Ipsi magna sonant; sed tunc ciim creditor audit 

Preecipue,, vel si tetigit latus acrior illo, 

Qui venit ad dubium grandi cum codice nomen. 110 

Tunc immensa cavi spirant mendacia folles^ 

Conspuiturque sinus. Verum deprendere messem 

Si libet hinc centum patrimonia causidicorunx, 

Parte alia solum russati pone Lacertse. 

Consedere duces : surgis tu pallidus Ajax, 115 

Dicturus dubia pro libertate^ Bubulco 

Judice. Rumpe miser tensum jecur,, ut tibi lasso 

Figantur virides^ scalarum gloria^ palmse. 

Quod vocis pretium ? siccus petasunculus et vas 

Pelamidum^ aut veteres^ Afrorum epimenia^ bulbi ; 120 

Aut vinum Tiber! devectum : quinque lagenee^ 

Si quater egisti. Si contigit aureus unus^ 

Inde cadunt partes^ ex foedere pragmaticorum. 

^Emilio dabitur quantum petet^ et melius nos 
Egimus : hujus enim stat currus aheneus^ alti 125 

Quadrijuges in vestibulis^ atque ipse feroci 
Bellatore sedens curvatum hastile minatur 
Eminus, et statua meditatur prselia lusca. 
Sic Pedo conturbat^ Matho deficit : exitus hie est 

They utter great things ; but then chiefly when the plaintiff hears, 
or if a keener than he has twitched his side, 

who comes about a dubious debt with his large book. 11© 

Then his hollow lungs breathe immeasurable lies, 
and his bosom is slavered over. But if you wish to compute his gain, 
place in one scale the patrimonies of a hundred lawyers, 
on the other part that of Lacerta alone in his red livery. 
The chiefs are seated : you, like pale Ajax, rise up 115 

to plead for doubtful liberty, Bubulcus 

being judge. Miserable being, burst your stretched liver, that green palms , 
the glory of your stairs, may be hung up for you when fatigued. 
What is the price of your voice ? a rusty little ham and a dish 
of sprats, or old roots, the monthly gifts of the Africans ; 120 

or wine wafted down the Tiber : live flagons, 
if you have pleaded four times. If one gold coin is received, 
shares fall thence, by agreement, with your brother-pettifoggers. 
To JEmilius will be given as much as he may ask, though we 
have pleaded better : for his brazen chariot and four stately 1 25 

prancers stand in the court-yard, and himself 
sitting on a fierce war-horse brandishes his crooked spear 
aloft, and meditates fighting with his squinting statue. 
Thus Pedo turns bankrupt, Matho fails : this is the end 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 85 

Tongilli, magno cum rhinocerote lavari 130 

Qui solet, et vexat lutulenta balnea turba, 

Perque forum juvenes longo premit assere Medos, 

Empturus pueros, argentum, myrrhina, villas : 

Spondet enim Tyrio stlataria purpura filo. 

Et tamen hoc ipsis est utile : purpura vendit 135 

Causidicum, vendunt amethystina : con ve nit illis 

Et strepitu, et facie majoris vivere census. 

Sed finem impensse non servat prodiga Roma. 

Ut redeant veteres, Ciceroni nemo ducentos 
Nunc dederit nummos, nisi fulserit annulus ingens. 140 
Respicit hoc primum qui litigate an tibi servi 
Octo, decern comites, an post te sella, togati 
Ante pedes. Ideo conducta Paulus agebat 
Sardonyce, atque ideo pluris quam Cossus agebat, 
Quam Basilus. Rara in tenui facundia panno. 145 
Quando licet flentem Basilo producere matrem? 
Quis bene dicentem Basilum ferat ? Accipiat te 
Gallia, vel potius nutricula causidicorum 
Africa, si placuit mercedem imponere linguae. 

Declamare doces, 6 ferrea pectora Vecti, 150 

Cum perimit saevos classis numerosa tyrannos ? 

of Tongillus, who is accustomed to be bathed with his huge rhinoceros, 
and annoys the baths with his dirty crew, 131 

and through the forum presses the young Medes with his long pole, 
being about to purchase boys, silver, myrrh-bowls, country-seats ; 
for foreign purple with Tyrian thread procures him credit. 
And yet this is useful to them : the purple sells 135 

the lawyer, violet-coloured robes sell him : it is convenient for them 
to live both in noise and in the shew of a larger fortune. 
But prodigal Rome sets no bound to expense. 

Although the ancients should return, nobody now would give to Cicero 
two hundred sesterces, unless a large ring sparkled. 140 

Whoever goes to law regards this first, whether you have eight servants 
and ten attendants, whether a chair comes after you, and gowned-men 
before your feet. Therefore Paulus pleaded with a hired 
sardonyx, and consequently pleaded at a higher fee than Cossus, 
or than Basilus. Eloquence is rare in mean attire. 145 

When is it allowed Basilus to produce a weeping mother ? 
Who can endure Basilus speaking well ? Let Gaul receive you, 
or rather Africa, the nurse of lawyers, 
if you please to put a value on your eloquence. 

Do you teach to declaim, (O the iron heart of Vectius !) 150 

when a numerous class hath been destroying cruel tyrants ? 



86 JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 

Nam quaecunque sedens modo legerat, hsec eadem stans 

Proferet, atque eadem cantabit versibus isdem. 

Occidit miseros crambe repetita magistros. 

Quis color, et quod sit causae genus, atque ubi summa 155 

Queestio, quae veniant diversa parte sagittee, 

Scire volunt omnes^ mercedem solvere nemo. 

Mercedem appellas ? quid enim scio ? culpa docentis 

Scilicet arguitur, quod leeva in parte mamillee 

Nil salit Arcadico juveni, cujus mihi sexta 160 

Quaque die miserum dirus caput Hannibal implet : 

Quicquid id est de quo deliberat ; an petat urbem 

A Cannis ; an post nimbos et fulmina cautus 

Circumagat madidas a tempestate cohortes. 

Quantum vis stipulare, et protinus accipe quod do, 165 

Ut toties ilium pater audiat. Ast alii sex 

Et plures uno conclamant ore sophistse, •». 

Et veras agitant lites, raptore relicto. 

Fusa venena silent, malus ingratusque maritus, 

Et quae jam veteres sanant mortaria caecos. 170 

Ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem, si nostra movebunt 

Consilia, et vitse diversum iter ingredietur, 

Ad pugnam qui rhetorica descendit ab umbra, 

For whatever be has read lately while sitting, these same things 

he will recite standing, and chaunt the same in the same verses. 

Insipid stuff repeated kills the miserable masters. 

What may be the plea, and what the nature of the case, and wfrere 155 

the chief question lies, what objections may come from the adverse party, 

all are desirous of knowing, none to pay the fee. 

' Do you call for your fee? what indeed do I know?' The fault 

of the teacher forsooth is declared, that on the left side of the breast 

nothing incites the Arcadian youth, whose 160 

direful Hannibal fills my aching head every sixth day : 

whatever it is on which he deliberates ; whether he should go to the city 

from Cannse ; or, after the rains and thunders, 

he should cautiously wheel about his troops soaked by the storm. 

Stipulate as much as you will, and instantly take what I give, 165 

that the father may hear him often. But six other 

sophists and more declaim together as with one mouth, 

and, having left the ravisher, plead real causes. 

Hushed are the infused poisons, the wicked and ungrateful husband, 

and the mortars, which cure the blind already aged. 170 

Therefore he shall give to himself the rod, if our counsels move him, 

and he enter upon a different way of life, 

who descends from the rhetorical shadow to real pleading, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 87 

Summula ne pereat, qua vilis tessera venit 
Frumenti: quippe heec merces lautissima. Tenta 175 
Chrysogonus quanti doceat, vel Pollio quanti 
Lautorum pueros,, artem scindens Theodori. 

Balnea sexcentis^ et pluris porticus^ in qua 
Gestetur dominus quoties pluit : anne serenum 
Expectet, spargatve luto jumenta recenti ? 180 

Hie potius : namque hie mundse nitet ungula mulae. 
Parte alia longis Numidarum fulta columnis 
Surgat, et algentem rapiat coenatio solem. 
Quanticunque domus,, veniet qui fercula docte 
Componit, veniet qui pulmentaria condit. 185 

Hos inter sumptus sestertia Quintiliano,, 
Ut multure^ duo sufficient ; res nulla minoris 
Constabit patrL, quam filius. Unde igitur tot 
Quintilianus habet saltus ? exempla novorum 
Ft ^mm transi : felix et pulcher et acer; 190 

Felix et sapiens et nobilis et generosus 
Appositam nigra* lunam subtexit alutse : 
Felix,, orator quoque maximus et jaculator, 
Et si perfrixit cantat bene. Distat enim quae 
Sidera te excipiant, modo primos incipientem 195 

lest the small pittance be consumed, for which is sold the poor ticket 
of corn : for this reward is the most ample. Try 175 

for how much Chrysogonus, or for how much Pollio may teach 
the boys of the rich, as he analyzes the ' Art of Theodorus.' 

Baths cost six hundred sestertia, and the portico more, in which 
a lord is carried when it rains : must he wait a serene day, 
or besmear his cattle with fresh dirt ? 1 80 

here rather : for here shines the hoof of the neat mule. 
In another part a banquet-house, supported by long Numidian pillars, 
may rise, and catch the cool sunshine. 

Of whatever value the house, there will come one who skilfully 
ranges the dishes ; there will come one who seasons the victuals. 185 
Amidst these expenses two sestertia, 
as a great thing, shall content Quintilian ; nothing 
will cost less to a father than his son. Whence then, 
has Quintilian so many forests ? Pass over examples of sudden 
fortunes : the prosperous man is both handsome and acute ; 190 

the prosperous man, both wise and noble and generous, 
hath concealed the moon marked on his black leather shoe : 
the prosperous man likewise is a very great orator and pleader, 
and though he is hoarse he sings well. For it makes a difference what 
stars receive you, just beginning 195 



88 JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 

Edere vagitus,, et adhuc a matre rubentem. 
Si Fortuna volet, fies de rhetore consul : 
Si volet heec eadem^ fies de consule rhetor. 
Ventidius quid enim ? quid Tullius ? anne aliud quam 
Sidus et occult! miranda potentia fati ? 200 

Servis regna dabunt^ captivis fata triumphos. 
Felix ille tamen corvo quoque rarior albo. 
Poenituit multos vanae sterilisque cathedrse^ 
Sicut Thrasymachi probat exitus^ atque Secundi 
Carrinatis ; et hunc inopem vidistis^ Athene^ 205 

Nil prseter gelidas auses conferre cicutas. 

Di majorum umbris tenuem et sine pondere terram, 
Spirantesque crocos, et in urn a perpetuum ver^ 
Qui preeceptorem sancti voluere parentis 
Esse loco. Metuens virgse jam grandis Achilles 210 
Cantabat patriis in montibus : et cui non tunc 
Eliceret risum citharoedi cauda magistri ? 
Sed Ruffum atque alios ceedit sua quaeque juventus : 
Ruffum^ qui toties Ciceronem Allobroga dixit. 

Quis gremio Enceladi doctique Palsemonis affert 215 
Quantum grammaticus meruit labor ? et tamen ex hoc^ 
Quodcunque est (minus est autem quam rhetoris aera) 

to utter the first infant cries, and as yet red from your mother. 

If Fortune please, you shall become a consul from a rhetorician : 

if this same please, you shall become a rhetorician from a consul. 

For what was Ventidius ? what Tullius ? was it any thing else than 

the star and the wonderful power of hidden fate ? 200 

The fates will give kingdoms to slaves, triumphs to captives. 

Yet that fortunate person is more rare too than a white crow. 

It hath repented many of their vain and barren chair, 

as the end of Thrasymachus and of Secundus Carrinas proves ; 

and thou hast seen him starving, O Athens, 205 

who durst bestow on him nothing but the cold hemlock. 

Ye Gods, grant to the shades of our ancestors a thin and light earth, 
and sweet-scented crocuses, and a perpetual spring in their urn, 
who wished a preceptor to be in the place of a pious parent. 
Achilles, when grown up, being afraid of the rod, 210 

sang on his native mountains : and from whom then 
would not the tail of the harper his master draw forth a smile ? 
But all his own youths strike Ruffus and others : 
Ruffus, who so often called Cicero an Allobrogian. 

Who brings to the lap of Enceladus and of the learned Palaemon 21 5 
as much as their grammatical labour deserves ? and yet from this, 
whatever it is (for it is less than the fee of a rhetorician) 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 89 

Discipuli custos prsemordet Acoenitus ipse, 

Et qui dispensat frangit sibi. Cede, Palsemon, 

Et patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter quam 220 

Institor hybernse tegetis niveique cadurci : 

Dummodo non pereat mediae quod noctis ab hofa 

Sedisti, qua nemo faber, qua nemo sederet. 

Qui docet obliquo lanam deducere ferro : 

Dummodo non pereat totidem olfecisse lucernas, 225 

Quot stabant puerl, cum totus decolor esset 

Flaccus, et heereret nigro fuligo Maroni. 

Rara tamen merces quee cognition e Tribuni 
Non egeat. Sed vos ssevas imponite leges, 
Ut preeceptori verborum regula constet, 230 

Ut legat historias, auctores noverit omnes, 
Tanquam ungues digitosque suos : ut forte rogatus, 
Dum petit aut thermas aut Phoebi balnea, dicat 
Nutricem Anchisse, nomen patriamque novercee 
Archemori : dicat quot Acestes vixerit annos, 235 

Quot Siculus Phrygibus vini donaverit urnas. 
Exigite ut mores teneros ceu pollice ducat, 
Ut si quis cera vultum facit : exigite ut sit 
Et pater ipsius coetus, ne turpia ludant, 



Acoenitus himself, the guardian of the scholar, bites off something, 

and he who manages it substracts for himself. Yield, Palaemon, 

and suffer something to be taken from thence, not otherwise than 220 

as a seller of a winter rug and a white blanket : 

so that it be not in vain that from the hour of midnight 

you have sat up, in which no smith, in which nobody would sit up, 

who teaches how to card the wool with the crooked iron tooth : 

so that it be not in vain that you have smelt as many lamps 225 

as boys were standing, when all discoloured was 

Horatius tflaccus, and the soot stuck to blackened Maro. 

Yet even rare is the pay that needs not the cognizance of a Tribune. 
But impose ye severe laws, 

that the rule of words be clear to the master, 230 

that he read histories, know all authors 

as his own nails and fingers ; that by chance being interrogated, 
as he seeks either the hot baths or the baths of Phoebus, he may name 
the nurse of Anchises, the name and native country of the step -mother 
of Archemorus : that he may tell how many years Acestes lived, 235 
and how many pitchers of wine the Sicilian gave to the Phrygians. 
Insist that he form their tender manners as with his thumb, 
as any one moulds a face in wax : insist that he be 
also the father of the flock itself, lest they commit obscenities, 



90 JUVENALIS SATIRA VII. 

Ne faciant vicibus. Non est leve tot puerorum 240 
Observare manus., oculosque in fine trementes. 
Hseo, inquit, cures ; sed cum se verterit annus^ 
Accipe^ victor! populus quod postulate aurum. 

lest they do something by turns. Of so many boys it is not easy 240 
to watch their hands, and their eyes tremulous in the corner. 
These things, says he, take care of ; but when the year has revolved, 
accept the gold which the populace demands for a victor at the circus. 



SATIRA VIII. 

AD PONTICUMj DE NATALIUM CLARITATE. 



Stemmata quid faciunt? quid prodest^ Pontice, longo 
Sanguine censeri, pictosque ostendere vultus 
Majorum^ et stantes in curribus iEmilianos ; 
Et Curios jam dimidios, humerosque minorem 
Corvinunx, et Galbam auriculis nasoque carentem ? 5 
Quis fructus generis tabula jactare capaci 
Corvinunx, et post huric. multa deducere virga 
Fumosos equitum cum Dictatore Magistros^ 
Si coram Lepidis male vivitur ? Effigies quo 
Tot bellatorunij si luditur alea pernox 10 

Ante Numantinos ? si dormire incipis ortu 
Lucifer:^ quo signa duces et castra movebant ? 

Cur Allobrogicis et magna gaudeat ara 
Natus in Herculeo Fabius lare, si cupidus., si 
Vanus^ et Euganea quantum vis mollior agna? 15 

Si tenerum attritus Catinensi pumice lumbum 
Squallentes traducit avos,, emptorque veneni 
Frangenda miseram funestat imagine gentem ? 

Tota licet veteres exornent undique cerse 

What do pedigrees avail ? what profits it, Ponticus, 

to be esteemed for a long descent, and to shew the painted faces 

of your ancestors, and the iEmilii standing in their chariots ; 

and the Curii now half reduced, and Corvinus less by the shoulders, 5 

and Galba wanting ears and nose ? 

What advantage is it, in your large table of genealogy, to boast of 

Corvinus, and after him to trace down, by many a branch, 

the smoked masters of the horse with a Dictator, 

if you live wickedly before the Lepidi ? To what purpose are the effigies 

of so many warriors, if the night-long die is played 10 

before the Numantini ? if you begin to sleep at the rising [camp ? 

of the morning- star, when those generals were moving their standards and 

Why should Fabius glory in the Aliobrogici and the great altar, 
(born as he is in a family from Hercules), if he be covetous, 
if vain, and somewhat softer skinned than an Euganean lamb ? 15 

if, having rubbed his tender loins with a Catinian pumice-stone, 
he disgraces his rough-haired ancestors, and as a purchaser of poison 
he attaints his miserable race by his image being broken ? 

Although ancient waxen figures on every side adorn all 



92 JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 

Atria^ Nobilitds sola est atque unica Virtus, 20 

Paulus, vel Cossus^ vel Drusus moribus esto : 

Hos ante effigies majorum pone tuorum : 

Praecedant ipsas illi, te consule., virgas : 

Prima mihi debes animi bona. Sanctus habeii, 

Justitieeque tenax factis dictisque mereris ? 25 

Agnosco procerem : salve^ Getulice, seu tu 

SilanuSj quocunque alio de sanguine^ rarus 

Civis et egregius patriae contingis ovanti. 

Exclamare libet populus quod clamat Osiri 

Invento : quis enim generosum dixerit hunc qui 30 

Indignus genere, et prseclaro nomine tantiim 

Insignis ? nan dm cujusdam Atlanta vocamus : 

^Ethiopem cygnum : parvam extortamque puellam^ 

Europen : canibus pigris scabieque vetusta 

Lsevibus^ et sicca* lambentibus ora lucernea^ 35 

Nomen eritpardus^ tigris, leo 5 si quid adhuc est 

Quod fremat in terns violentius. Ergo cavebis^ 

Et mettles^ ne tu sic Creticus^ aut Camerinus. 

His ego quern monui ? tecum est mihi sermo^ Rubelli 
Plaute : tumes alto Drusorum sanguine^ tanquam 40 
Feceris ipse aliquid propter quod nobilis esses ; 

your galleries, Virtue is the sole and only nobility. 20 

Be you in manners a Paulus, or a Cossus, or a Drusus : 

place these before the effigies of your progenitors : 

let them precede the rods themselves, if you be consul : 

but give me the chief ornaments of the mind. Do you deserve, 24 

by actions and words, to be esteemed virtuous, and tenacious of justice ? 

then I acknowledge you noble : hail, Getulian, or you, 

Silanus, from whatever kindred, if you turn out a rare 

and illustrious citizen to your exulting country. 

We may then exclaim what the people call out to Osiris 

when found : for who will pronounce him noble who 30 

is unworthy of his race, and remarkable for his renowned name alone ? 

We call the dwarf of some one Atlas : 

an Ethiopian a swan : a little and crooked wench 

Europa : to dogs lazy and hairless from an old mange, 

and licking the outsides of a dry lamp, 35 

the name shall be a leopard, a tiger, a lion, if there is yet any thing 

on earth that roars more violently. Therefore you will beware, 

and be afraid, lest you thus be Creticus, or Camerinus. 

Whom have I advised by these ? with you is my discourse, Rubellius 
Plautus : you swell with the high blood of the Drusi, as if 40 

yourself had done any thing for which you should be noble : 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 93 

Ut te conciperet quee sanguine fulget Iaili, 

Non quae ventoso conducta sub aggere texit. 

Vos humiles, inquis, vulgi pars ultima nostri, 

Quorum nemo queat patriam monstrare parentis : 45 

Ast ego Cecropides. Vivas^ et originis hujus 

Gaudia longa feras : tamen ima ex plebe Ghriritem 

Facundum invenies : solet hie defendere causas 

Nobilis indocti : veniet de plebe togata, 

Qui juris nodos et legum eenigmata solvat. 50 

Hie petit Euphraten juvenis^ domitique Batavi 

Custodes aquilas, armis industrius : at tu 

Nil nisi Cecropides, truncoque simillimus Hermse : 

Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine,, quam quod 

Illi marmoreum caput est^ tua vivit imago. 55 

Die mini, Teucrorum proles^ animalia muta 
Quis generosa putet, nisi fortia ? nempe volucrem 
Sic laudamus equuni, facilis cui plurima palma 
Fervet, et exultat rauco victoria circo. 
Nobilis hie, quocunque venit de gramme, cujus 60 

Clara fuga ante alios, et primus in sequore pulvis. 
Sed venale pecus Corythee^ posteritas et 
Hirpini, si rara jugo victoria sedit. 

as if she conceived you who shines with the blood of lulus, 

not she who being hired knit under the stormy town-wall. 

You exclaim, ' Ye are mean, the lowest part of our rabble, 

none of whom is able to show the country of his parent : 45 

but I am a descendant of Cecrops.' May you live, and of this origin 

reap the lasting joys : yet from the meanest of the people 

you shall find an eloquent Roman : he is wont to defend the causes 

of an unlearned noble : one shall come from the gowned mob, 

who can untie the knots of j ustice and the riddles of the laws. 50 

This young man, industrious in arms, goes to the Euphrates, 

and to the eagles, the protectors of the conquered Batavian : but you 

are nothing but Cecropian, and most like a stone of Mercury : 

for you excel it in no other difference, than that 

it has a marble head, and your image lives. 55 

Tell me, offspring of the Trojans, who considers dumb animals 
noble, unless ihey are powerful ? Thus for example 
we praise the fleet horse, for whom many a kind palm 
is heated by clapping, and victory exults in the vociferating circus. 
He is noble, from whatever grass he comes, whose 60 

flight is pre-eminent before others, and his dust is first in the plain. 
But the herd of Corytha is sold, and the breed 
of Hirpinus, if victory seldom sits on their reins. 



94 JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 

Nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla 

Umbrarum : dominos pretiis mutare jubentur 65 

Exiguis, tritoque trahunt epirhedia collo 

Segnipedes, dignique molam versare Nepotist 

Ergo ut miremur te, non tua, primiim aliquid da, 

Quod possim titulis incidere prseter honores 

Quos illis damus, et dedimus, quibus omnia debes. 70 

Heec satis ad juvenem, quern nobis fama superbum 
Tradit, et inilatum, plenumque Nerone propinquo. 
Rarus enim ferme sensus mmmunis in ilia 
Fortuna. Sed te censeri laude tuorum,, 
Pontice, noluerim, sic ut nihil ipse futurse 75 

Laudis agas : miser um est alienee incumber e famce, 
Ne collapsa ruant subductis tecta columnis. 
Stratus humi palmes viduas desiderat ulmos. 

Esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem 
Integer : ambiguse si quando citabere testis 80 

Incertseque rei, Ehalaris licet imperet ut sis 
Falsus, et admoto dictet perjuria tauro_, 
Summwn crede nefds animam prceferre pudorij 
Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas. 
Dignus morte pent, coenet licet ostrea centum 85 

Respect for progenitors is nothing there, there is no regard 

for their shades : the slow-footed are ordered to change their masters 

at low prices, and draw carts with a galled neck, 66 

and are only fit to turn the mill of Nepos. 

Therefore, that we may admire you, not yours, first give me something 

that I can inscribe among your titles besides the honours 

which we give, and have given, to them to whom you owe all. 70 

These are sufficient to the young man whom fame represents to us 
as haughty, and inflated, and full of Nero his near relation. 
For generally common jense is rare in that high estate. 
But I would noTTJaveTyou so esteemed by the flattery of your relations, 
Ponticus, as that yourself should do nothing for future 75 

praise : it is a miserable thing to rely on anoi her 's fame, 
lest the pillars being taken away the tottering buildings tumble into ruins. 
The vine, lying on the ground, requires the widowed elms. 

Be thou a good soldier, a good tutor, and the same impartial judge : 
if at any time you should be cited as a witness to a doubtful 80 

and uncertain affair, though Phalaris command that you be 
false, and having introduced his bull dictate perjuries, 
consider it the highest wickedness to prefer life to reputation, 
and for the sake of life to sacrifice the motives for existence. 
He who is worthy of death perishes, although he sup on a hundred 85 



i 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 95 

Gaurana^ et Cosmi toto mergatur aheno. 

Expectata dm tandem provincia cum te 
Rectorem accipiet^ pone iree freena modumque_, 
Pone et avaritise ; miserere inopum sociorum. 
Ossa vides regum vacuis exhausta medullis. 90 

Respice quid moneant leges, quid curia mandet ; 
Preemia quanta bonos maneant ; quam fulmine justo 
Et Capito et Tutor ruerint, damnante senatu, 
Piratee Cilicum : sed quid damnatio confert, 
Cum Pansa eripiat quicquid tibi Natta reliquit ? 95 

Preeconenx, Chaerippe, tuis circumspice pannis, 
Jamque tace; furor est post omnia perdere naulum. 

Non idem gemitus olim, nee vulnus erat par 
Damnorum, sociis florentibus, et modo victis. 
Plena domus tunc omnis, et ingens stabat acerv r us 100 
Nummorumj Spartana chlamys, conchylia Coa ; 
Et, cum Parrhasii tabulis signisque Myronis, 
Phidiacum vivebat ebur, nee non Polycleti 
Multus ubique labor; rarse sine Mentore mensse. 
Inde Dolabella est, atque hinc Antonius, inde 105 

Sacrilegus Verres. Referebant navibus altis 
Occulta spolia, et plures cle pace triumphos. 

Gauran oysters, and be dipped in a whole kettle of Cosnrns' ointments. 

When at length the province, long desired, 
shall receive you as governor, put reins and bounds to your temper, 
and curb your avarice : pity our poor allies. 

You see the bones of kings exhausted void of marrow. 90 

Consider what the laws may advise, what the senate command ; 
what great rewards may await the good ; with what just thunder, 
as the senate condemned, both Capito and Tutor, 
pirates of the Cilicians, fell : but what does condemnation avail, 
when Pansa takes away whatever Natta hath left you ? 95 

Chserippus, look out a crier for your rags, 
and now be silent ; it is madness, after all, to lose the freight. 

There were not the same lamentations formerly, nor was the severity 
of their losses equal, as our allies were flourishing, and lately conquered. 
Then every house was full, and a great quantity 100 

of money existed, a Spartan cloak, and Coan purples ; 
and, with pictures of Parrhasius and statues of Myro, 
Phidias's ivory image lived, and also Polycletus's 
great labours were every where ; few tables without a Mentor. 
Thence is Dolabella, and thence Antony, thence 105 

the sacrilegious Verres. They carried home in lofty ships 
the stolen spoils and many triumphs on account of peace. 



96 JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 

Nunc sociis juga pauca bourn, et grex parvus equarum, 

Et pater armenti capto eripietur agello : 

Ipsi deinde lares, si quod spectabile signum: 110 

Si quis in eedicula deus unicus : hsec etenim sunt 

Pro summis : nam sunt hsec maxima. Despicias tu 

Forsitan imbelles Rhodios, unctamque Corinthum : 

Despicias merito : quid resinata juventus, 

Cruraque totius facient tibi lee via gentis ? 115 

Horrida vitanda est Hispania, Gallicus axis, 

Illyricumque latus. Parce et messoribus illis 

Qui saturant urbem, circo scenreque vacantem. 

Quanta autem inde feres tarn dirse preemia culpae, 

Cum tenues nuper Marius discinxerit Afros ? 120 

Curandum imprimis ne magna injuria fiat 

Fortibus et miseris : tollis licet omne quod usquam est 

Auri atque argenti, scutum gladiumque relinques, 

Et jacula, et galeam : spoliatis arma supersunt. 

Quod modo proposui non est sententia ; veriim 1 25 

Credite me vobis folium recitare Sibyllse. 

Si tibi sancta cohors comitum ; si nemo tribunal 
Vendit acersecomes ; si nullum in conjuge crimen ; 
Nee per conventus, nee cuncta per oppida curvis 

Now few yokes of oxen are left to our allies, and a small number of mares, 

and even the father of the herd is taken from the pasture which is seized : 

then the household-gods themselves, if any image is valuable, 110 

if any single god is in the cottage : but these are 

for the things most precious : for these are the greatest. You may despise 

perhaps the weak Rhodians, and perfumed Corinth : 

you may despise them deservedly : what can the perfumed youth 

and smooth limbs of the whole nation do to you ? 115 

Fierce Spain is to be avoided, the Gallic chariot, 

and the Illyrian coast. Spare also those reapers 

who supply the city, which is at leisure for the circus and theatre. 

But what great rewards for such direful injury shall you thence receive, 

when Marius has lately stripped the poor Africans ? 120 

Take care, in the first place, that no great injury be done 

to the brave and wretched : although you take away every thing that there is 

of gold and of silver any where, you will leave them a shield and sword, 

and javelins, and a helmet : arms remain to the plundered. 

What I have just advanced is not mere opinion ; but 125 

believe me reciting to you the oracle of the Sibyl. 

If you have an honourable train of attendants ; if no 
minion sells the tribunal ; if no crime is in your wife ; 
nor through the districts, nor through all the towns, does she prepare 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 97 

Unguibus ire parat nummos raptura Celeeno : 130 

Tunc licet a Pico numeres genus ; altaque si te 

Nomina delectent, omnem Titanida pugnam 

Inter majores ipsumque Promethea ponas : 

De quocunque voles proavum tibi sumito libro. 

Quod si preecipitem rapit ambitus atque libido^ 135 

Si frangis virgas sociorum in sanguine,, si te 

Delectant hebetes lasso lictore secures^ 

Incipit ipsorum contra te stare parentum 

Nobility claramque facem preeferre pudendis. 

Omne animi vitium tanto conspectius in se 140 

Crimen habet, quanto major qui peccat habetur. 

Quo mihi te solitum falsas signare tabellas 

In templis quee fecit avus,, statuamque parentis 

Ante triumphalem ? quo,, si nocturnus adulter 

Tempora Santonico velas adoperta cucullo? 145 

Preeter majorum cineres atque ossa volucri 
Carpento rapitur pinguis Damasippus ; et ipse^ 
Ipse rotam stringit multo sufflamine Consul: 
Nocte quidem ; sed luna videt^ sed sidera testes 
Intendunt oculos. Finitum tempus honoris 150 

Cum fueritj clara Damasippus luce flagellum 

to rove, to seize the money as a Celseno with crooked talons : 130 

then you may reckon your genealogy from Picus ; and if dignified 

titles delight you, you may place the whole Titanian fight 

and Prometheus himself among your ancestors : 

take a great grandfather to yourself out of whatever book you please. 

But if ambition and lust carry you headlong, 135 

if you break the rods in the blood of our allies, if 

the axes blunted by the weary lictor delight you, 

the nobility of your parents themselves begins to stand up against you, 

and to exhibit a bright torch to your shameful crimes. 

Every vice of the mind has so much more conspicuous guilt in itself, 140 

in proportion as he who offends is accounted illustrious. 

"What are you to me, if accustomed to sign false wills 

in the temples which your grandfather built, and before your father's 

triumphal statue ? what, if as a nightly adulterer 

you cover your temples concealed in a San tonic cowl ? 145 

Near the ashes and bones of his ancestors, in his swift 
chariot, fat Damasippus is hurried along ; and himself, 
the Consul himself, checks his wheel with many a drag : 
by night indeed ; but the moon sees, but the stars as witnesses 
fix their eyes upon him. When the time of his dignity shall be finished, 
Damasippus will take the whip in open day, 

F 



98 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 



155 



160 



Sumetj et occursum nusquam trepidabit amici 
Jam senis^ at virga prior innuet, atque maniplos 
Solvet, et infundet jumentis hordea lassis. 
Interea dum lanatas torvumque juvencum^ 
More Num^ ceedit Jovis ante altaria^ jurat 
Hipponam, et facies olida ad preesepia pictas. 
Sed cum pervigiles placet instaurare popinas^ 
Obvius assiduo Syrophoenix udus amomo 
Currit, Idumsea? Syropboenix incola portee,, 
Hospitis affectu dominum regemque salutat^ 
Et cum venali Cyane succincta lagena. 

Defensor culpse dicet mihi^ Fecimus et nos 
Heec juvenes. Esto ; desisti nempe,, nee ultra 
Fovisti errorem. Breve sit quod turpiter audes. 
Qusedam cum prima resecentur crimina barba ; 
Indulge veniam pueris : Damasippus ad illos 
Thermarum calices^ inscriptaque lintea vadit, 
Maturus bello Armenia^, Syrieeque tuendis 
Amnibus^ et Rheno^ atque Istro. Praestare Neronem 170 
Securum valet hsec eetas. Mitte Ostia^ Ceesar; 
Mitte ; sed in magna legatum quaere popina. 
Invenies aliquo cum percussore jacentenx, 



16c 



and will nowise dread the meeting of his friend 

now aged, but with his whip will first salute him, and the trusses of hay- 
unbind, and supply barley to his wearied steeds. 

In the mean time, while he sacrifices sheep and a stern bullock, 155 

after the manner of Numa, before the altars of Jupiter, he invokes 
Hippona, and the painted faces on the stinking stalls. 
But when it pleases him to renew his wakeful tavern -revels, 
a Syrophoenician, moist with continual perfuming, runs to meet him, 
a Syrophoenician inhabitant of the Idumsean gate 160 

salutes him lord and king with the affectation of a host, 
as well as Cyane neatly dressed with a flagon for sale. 

The defender of his guilt will say to me, * And we also have done 
these things when young.' Be it so ; yet you timely desisted, nor farther 
indulged the error. Let that be brief ivhich you basely brave. 165 

Some crimes should be. cut off with the first beard ; 
grant indulgence to boys only : Damasippus goes to those 
goblets of the hot-baths, and inscribed draperies, 
ready for the war of Armenia, and for protecting the rivers of Syria, 
and the Rhine, and Ister. This age is able to establish Nero I/O 

in security. Caesar, send to Ostia ; 
send ; but seek your deputy in a large tap -house. 
You will find him lolling with some assassin, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 99 

Permistum nautis^ aut furibus^ aut fugitivis ; 

Inter carnifices,, et fabros sandapilarum,, 175 

Et resupinati cessantia tympana Galli : 

^Equa ibi libertas^ communia pocula^ lectus 

Non alius cuiquanx, nee mensa remotior ulli. 

Quid facias^ talem sortitus^ Pontice^ servum ? 

Nempe in Lucanos,, aut Thusca ergasfftla mittas. 180 

At voS; Trojugense^ yobis ignoscitis^ et quae 

Turpia cerdoni Volesos Brutosque decebunt ! 

Quid^ si nunquam adeo foedis adeoque pudendis 
Utimur exempli s^ ut non pejora supersint ? 
Consumptis opibus voeem, Damasippe^ locasti 185 

Sipario^ clamosum ageres ut phasma Catulli. 
Laureolum velox etiam bene Lentulus egit 5 
Judice me^ dignus vera cruce. Nee tamen ipsi 
Ignoscas populo : populi frons durior hujus_, 
Qui sedet et spectat triscurria patriciorum ; 190 

Planipedes audit Fabios, ridere potest qui 
Mamercorum alapas. Quanti sua funera vendant 
Quid refert ? vendunt nullo cogente Nerone^ 
Nee dubitant celsi Preetoris vendere ludis. 
Finge tamen gladios inde^ atque hinc pulpita pone : 195 

mingled with sailors, or felons, or fugitives ; 

among hangmen, and coffin-makers, 175 

and the silent drums of the prostrate priest of Cybele : 

equal liberty is there, cups are in common, a couch 

no way different to each, nor a separate table to any. 

Having obtained such a slave, Ponticus, what would you do ? 

certainly you would send him to the Lucani, or Tuscan work-shops. 180 

But you, descendants of Troy, excuse yourselves, and whatever actions 

are shameful to a cobbler will become the Volesi and Bruti ! 

What, do we never shew examples so vile 
and so shameful, that worse do not exist ? 

Your wealth being consumed, Damasippus, you have let your voice 185 
to the stage, that you might perform the clamorous vision of Catullus. 
Nimble Lentulus also performed Laureolus excellently, 
worthy of a real gibbet, if I be a judge. Nor even can you pardon 
the populace themselves : the effrontery of this people is more hardened, 
who sit and behold the buffooneries of the Patricians ; 190 

who hear the bare-footed Fabii, and can laugh at 

the buffets of the Mamerci. For how much they may sell their bodies 
what does it signify ? they sell them without any Nero compelling, 
nor do they hesitate to sell them at the games of the haughty Praetor. 
Yet suppose the sword there, and place the stage here : 195 

F 2 



100 JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 

Quid satius ? mortem sic quisquam exhorruit, ut sit 

Zelotypus Thymeles,, stupidi collega Corinthi ? 

Res haud mira tamen,, citharoedo principe,, mimus 

Nobilis : hoec ultra, quid erit nisi ludus ? et illic 

Dedecus urbis habes : nee mirmillonis in armis^ 200 

Nee clypeo Gracchum pugnantem^ aut falce supina, 

(Damnat enim tales habitus,, et damnat et odit;) 

Nee galea frontem abscondit : movet ecce tridentem^ 

Postquam librata pendentia retia dextra 

Nequicquam effudit ; nudum ad spectacula vultum 205 

Erigit, et tota fugit agnoscendus arena. 

Credamus tunicse, de faucibus aurea cum se 

Porrigat^ et longo jactetur spira galero. 

Ergo ignominiam graviorem pertulit omni 

Vulnere^ cum Graccho jussus pugnare secutor. 210 

Libera si dentur populo suffragia,, quis tarn 
PerdituSj ut dubitet Senecam preeferre Neroni ? 
Cujus supplicio non debuit una parari 
Simia^ nee serpens unus, nee culeus unus. 
Par Agamemnonidse crimen ; sed causa facit rem 215 
Dissimilem : quippe ille., deis auctoribus,, ultor 
Patris erat ceesi media inter pocula : sed nee 

which is better ? has any one so shuddered at death, that he would be 

jealous of Thymele, or be the colleague of the stupid Corinthus ? 

Yet a noble buffoon, when a prince is a harper, is no rare thing : 

after these, what will there be but shows ? and there you have 

the disgrace of the city — Gracchus, neither in the arms of a sword-player, 

nor fighting with a shield, or lifted falchion, 201 

(for he condemns such habits, yea, he condemns and hates them ; ) 

nor does he cover his head with a helmet : behold he shakes his trident, 

after he has cast the nets, pendent from his poised right-hand, 

in vain ; he raises his uncovered head to the spectators, 205 

and to be recognized flies over the whole areua. 

We may discover his tunic, when adorned with gold it extends 

from his jaws, and the circling wreath is dangled from his high beaver. 

Thus the pursuer endured a reproach more grievous than any 

wound, on being ordered to fight with Gracchus. 210 

If free suffrages were granted to the people, who so 
abandoned that he would hesitate to prefer Seneca to Nero ? 
for whose punishment there ought to be prepared not one 
ape only, nor one serpent, nor one sack. 

The crime of Agamemnon's son was equal ; but the cause makes 215 
the thing dissimilar : for he, impelled by the gods, was the avenger 
of his father murdered amidst festivity : but neither 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 101 

Electree jugulo se polluit, aut Spartani 
Sanguine conjugil : nullis aconita propinquis 
Miscuit : in scena nunquam cantavit Orestes ; 220 

Troica non scripslt. Quid enim Virginius armis 
Debuit ulcisci magis^ aut cum Vindice Galba ? 
Quid Nero tarn sseva crudaque tyrannide fecit ? 
Hsec opera, atque hse sunt generosi principis artes, 
Gaudentis foedo peregrina ad pulpita cantu 225 

Prostituij Graiseque apium meruisse coronae. 

Majorum effigies habeant insignia vocis ; 
Ante pedes Domiti longum tu pone Thyestee 
Syrma, vel Antigones, seu personam Menalippes, 
Et de marmoreo eitharam suspende colosso. 230 

Quis, Catilina, tuls natalibus, atque Cethegi, 
Inveniet quicquam sublimius ? arma tamen vos 
Nocturna, et flam mas domibus templisque parastis, 
Ut Braccatorum puerl, Senonumque minores, 
Ausi quod liceat tunica punire molesta. 235 

Sed vigilat Consul, vexillaque vestra coercet. 
Hie novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romee 
Municipalis eques, galeatum ponit ubique 
Prsesidium attonitis, et in omni gente laborat. 

did he pollute himself by the murder of Electra, or by the blood 

of his Spartan spouse : he mingled wolf 's -bane for none of his relations : 

Orestes never sang on the stage ; 220 

he never wrote on the ruin of Troy. For what ought Virginius 

more to avenge with arms, or Galba with Vindex ? 

What did Nero do by his savage and cruel tyranny ? 

These are the deeds, and these the virtues of a noble prince, 

exulting at being prostituted to shameful singing on foreign stages, 225 

and to have merited the parsley of a Grecian crown. 

Let the effigies of your ancestors possess the honour of your voice ; 
do you place, before the feet of Domitius, the long robe of Thyestes, 
or of Antigone, or the mask of Menalippe, 
and suspend your harp on a marble statue. 230 

Than your ancestry, Catiline, and that of Cethegus, 
who will rind anything more noble ? Yet ye prepared 
nocturnal arms, and fire for our houses and temples, 
as sons of the Gauls, and descendants of the Senones, 
daring what it might be lawful to punish with a pitched garment. 235 
But the consul {Cicero) is on the watch, and checks your standards. 
This new Arpinian, ignoble, and but lately 
a free knight of Rome, places everywhere an armed 
guard for the alarmed citizens, and is active in every ward. 



102 JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 

Tantum igitur muros intra toga contulit illi 240 

Nominis^ et tituli^ quantum non Leucade, quantum 
Thessaliee campis Octavius abstulit udo 
Csedibus assiduis gladio. Sed Roma parentem^ 
Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit. 

Arpinas alius Voiscorum in monte solebat 245 

Poscere mercedes alieno lassus aratro ; 
Nodosam post hsec frangebat vertice vitem^ 
Si lentus pigra muniret castra dolabra : 
Hie tamen et Cimbros et summa pericula rerum 
Excipit, et solus trepidantem protegit urbem. 250 

Atque ideo postquam ad Cimbros, stragemque volabant, 
Qui numquam attigerant majora cadavera, corvi, 
Nobilis ornatur lauro collega secunda. 

Plebeise Deciorum anima^ plebeia fuerunt 
Nomina : pro totis legionibus hi tamen, et pro 255 

Omnibus auxiliis,, atque omni plebe Latina^ 
Sufficiunt Dis infernis Terrseque parenti. 
Pluris enim DeciT quam qui servantur ab illis. 
Ancilla natus trabeam et diadema Quirini 
Et fasces meruit, regum ultimus ille bonorum. 260 

Prodita laxabant portarum claustra tyrannis 

Therefore the gown brought him within the walls as much 240 

celebrity and honour, as even Octavius did not bear from Leucas, or even 

from the plains of Thessalia, by his sword wet 

with continual slaughter. But Rome called Cicero her parent ; 

free Rome called him the father of his country. 

Another Arpinian (Marius), on a mountain of the Volsci was wont 245 
to ask wages, while toiling with another's plough ; 
after this a knotty vine-branch was broken on his head, 
if he was slow in fortifying the camp with his tardy hatchet : 
yet, both the Cimbri and the greatest dangers of the state 
did he sustain, and alone protected the trembliDg city. 250 

And thus, as the ravens flew to the Cimbri and the carnage, 
which had never preyed on larger carcasses, 
his noble colleague is adorned with the second laurel. 

The souls of the Decii were plebeian, plebeian were 
their names : yet these, for so many legions, and for 255 

all our auxiliaries, and all the Latin people, 
propitiate the infernal Gods and mother Earth. 

The Decii in truth are of more value than those who are saved by them. 
He who was born of a bond-servant acquired the purple robe, 
and the diadem of Quirinus, and the fasces — the last of our good kings. 

The bars of the gates which were betrayed to exiled tyrants, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA VIII. 103 

Exulibus juvenes ipsius Consulis,, et quos 

Magnum aliquid dubia pro libertate deceret^ 

Quod miraretur cum Coclite Mutius, et quae 

Imperii fines Tiberinum virgo natavit. 265 

Occulta ad patres produxit crimina servus 

Matronis lugendus ; at illos verbera justis 

Afficiunt poems,, et legum prima securis. 

Malo pater tibi sit Thersites,, dummodo tu sis 
^Eacidee similis,, Vulcaniaque arma capessas^ 2/0 

Quam te Thersitse similem producat Achilles. 
Et tameu, ut longe repetas longeque revolvas 
Nomen^ ab infami gentem deducis asylo. 
Majorum primus quisquis fuit ille tuorum, 
Aut pastor fuit, aut illud quod dicere nolo. 275 

did the sons of the Consul himself throw open — those whom 

some great act for doubtful liberty might have become, 

which Mutius with Codes might admire, and 

the virgin who swam the Tiberinean wave, the boundaries of our empire. 

Their secret crimes a slave discovered to the senators, 266 

by the matrons mourned ; but to just punishments did the scourges 

and the first axe of the laws consign them. 

I had rather Thersites were your father, provided you were 
like Achilles, and could manage Vulcanian arms, 270 

than that Achilles had begot you like Thersites. 
And yet, although you far retrace and far pursue 
your name, you derive your race from an infamous sanctuary. 
"Whoever that first of your ancestors was, 
he was either a shepherd, or that which I am unwilling to name. 275 



SATIRA IX. 

JUVENALIS ET N^VOLUS. 



Juv. Scire velinx, quare toties mihi, Nsevole^ tristis 

Occurras fronte obducta^ ceu Marsya victus. 

Quid tibi cum vultu, qualem deprensus habebat 

Ravola^ dum Rhodopes uda terit inguina barba ? 

Nos colaphum incutimus lambenti crustula servo. 5 

Non erat hac facie miserabilior Crepereius 

Pollio, qui triplicem usuram prsestare paratus 

Circuity et fatuos non invenit. Unde repente 

Tot rugse ? Certe modico contentus agebas 

Vernam equitenx, conviva joco mordente facetus^ 10 

Et salibus vehemens intra pomoeria natis. 

Omnia nunc contra : vultus gravis, horrida siccee 

Silva comse ; nullus tota nitor in cute, qualem 

Prsestabat calidi circumlita fascia visci ; 

Sed fruticante pilo neglecta et squallida crura. 15 

Quid macies eegri veteris^ quern tempore longo 

Torret quarta dies, olimque domestica febris ? 

Deprendas animi tormenta latentis in eegro 

Corpore, deprendas et gaudia : sumit utrumque 

Juv. I wish to know, Nsevolus, why you so often meet me in sadness, 

with a clouded brow, like the vanquished Marsyas. 

What have you to do with a countenance such as Ravola betrayed, 

when caught as he scrubbed the parts of Rhodope with his wet beard ? 

We inflict a blow upon a slave licking the sweetmeats. 5 

Never more wretched than this aspect was Crepereius 

Pollio, who runs about prepared to give triple interest, 

and does not find men so infatuated. Whence on a sudden 

so many wrinkles ? Certainly, content with a little, you acted 

the knightly slave, a guest facetious with cutting jest, 10 

and quick in sallies of wit hatched within the boundaries of the city. 

Now all things are otherwise : your countenance is grave, your dry hairs 

a rough wood ; no comeliness in your whole skin, such as 

the poultice of warm pitch spread about it caused ; 

but your legs are neglected, and squalid with growing hair. 15 

Why that leanness of a sick old man, whom for a long time 

the fourth day parches, and a fever long since domesticated ? 

You may discover the torments of the mind latent in a sick 

body, you may also discover exultation : thence the face assumes 



JUVENALIS SATIRA IX. 105 

Inde habitum facies : igitur flexisse videris 20 

Propositunij et vitse contrarius ire priori. 

Nuper enim (ut repeto) fanum Isidis,, et Ganymedem 

Pacisj et advectse secreta palatia matris,, 

Et Cererem (nam quo non prostat foemina templo ?) 

Notior Aufidio moechus scelerare solebas^ 25 

(Quod taceo) atque ipsos etiam inclinare maritos. 

Ncbv. Utile et hoc multis vitae genus : at mihi nullum 
Inde operee pretium : pingues aliquando lacernas^ 
Munimenta togse,, duri crassique coloris, 
Et male percussas textoris pectine Galli 30 

Accipimus ; tenue argentum^ veneeque secundee. 
Fata regunt homines : fatum est in partibus illis 
Quas sinus abscondit : nam si tibi sidera cessant, 
Nil faciet iongi mensura incognita nervi : 
Quamvis te nudum spumanti Virro labello 35 

Viderit, et blandse^ assiduse^ densseque tabelise 
Sollicitent : Avros yap e<£e\/cercu avhpa Kivaibos. 

Quod tamen ulterius monstrum quam mollis avarus ? 
Heec tribui^ deinde ilia dedL, mox plura tulisti. 
Computat et cevet. Ponatur calculus^ adsint 40 

Cum tabula pueri : numera sestertia quinque 

each aspect : therefore you seem to have altered 20 

your purpose, and to go contrary to your former life. 

For lately (as I remember) the temple of Isis, and the Ganymede 

of Peace, and the secret palaces of the mother Cybele brought hither, 

and Ceres (for in what temple does not a female expose herself?) 25 

you were wont to pollute, as an adulterer more notorious than Aulidius, 

and (what I keep silent) to entice even husbands themselves. 

Ncev. And this manner of life is useful to many : but to me 
there is thence no reward for labour: sometimes we receive greasy cloaks, 
the preserver of a gown, of a hard and thick colour, 
and badly woven in the loom of a Gallic weaver ; 30 

the silver thin, and of the second vein. 
The Fates govern men: {here is a fate in those parts 
which the clothing conceals : for if the stars forsake you, 
the unknown measure of a long nerve will avail you nothing : 
although Virro, with his frothy lip, shall behold you naked, 35 

and his blandishing, assiduous, and importunate letters 
solicit you : for a very catamite seduces the man. 

Yet what greater monster than an avaricious debauchee ? 
' I granted you these, then I gave those, by and by you obtained more.* 
He computes, and woos the while. 4 Let the account be settled, 40 

let the servants be present with the journal : reckon five sestertia 

F 5 



106 JUVENALIS SATIRA IX. 

Omnibus in rebus ; numerentur deinde labores. 
An facile et pronum est agere intra viscera penem 
LegitimuiTL, atque illic hesternse occurrere coense ? 
Servus erit minus ille miser qui foderit agrum 45 

Quam dominum. Sed tu sane tener, et puerum te, 
Et pulchrunij et dignum cyatho coeloque putabas. 
Vos humili asseclse,, vos indulgebitis unquam 
CultorL, jam nee morbo donare parati ? 
En cui tu viridem umbellam^ cui succina mittas 50 

Grandia,, natalis quoties redit, aut madidum ver 
Incipit ; et strata positus longaque cathedra 
Munera foemineis tractas secreta calendis. 

Di^ passer^ cui tot montes^ tot preedia servas 
Appula,, tot milvos intra tua pascua lassos ? 55 

Te Trifolinus ager foecundis vitibus implet, 
Suspectumque jugum Cumis,, et Gaurus inanis : 
Nam quis plura linit victuro dolia musto ? 
Quantum erat exhaust! lumbos donare clientis 
Jugeribus paucis ? meliusne hie rusticus infans 60 

Cum matre,, et casulis,, et cum lusore catello 
Cymbala pulsantis legatum fiet amici ? 
Improbus es cum poscis^ alt ; sed pensio clamat, 

for all the payments ; then let the labours be numbered.' 

Is it an easy and ready matter to act one's legitimate part, 

and there to encounter yesternight's supper ? 

That slave shall be less wretched who digs the land 45 

than the master. But you are truly delicate, and thought yourself young 

and beautiful, and worthy of the cup and heaven, 

Will you ever indulge a humble attendant, will you 

a dependant, when not inclined to yield to morbid lust ? 

Behold the man to whom you must send a green umbrella, to whom 50 

large amber cups, as often as his birth - day returns, or the wet spring 

begins ; and being placed in your embroidered and long chair, 

you obtain the secret presents on the Female Calends. 

Say, sparrow, for whom do you keep so many mountains, so many 
Apulian farms, so many kites wearied by flying within your pastures ? 55 
Your Trifoline land supplies you with fruitful vines, 
and the mountain-ridge visible at Cumse, and hollow Gaurus : 
for who seals up more casks with wine for long keeping ? 
What were it to reward the labours of a worn-out dependant 
with a few acres ? is it better that that rustic child, 60 

with his mother and huts, and with the dog his play-fellow, 
should become the legacy of a friend striking the cymbals of Cybele ? 
' You are unreasonable when you ask,' says he ; but rent calls out, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA IX. 107 

Posce : sed appellat puer unicus^ ut Polyphemi 
Lata acies,, per quam solers evasit Ulysses. 65 

Alter emendus erit, namque hie non sufficit ; ambo 
Pascendi. Quid agam bruma spirante ? quid, oro, 
Quid dicam scapulls puerorum mense Decembri, 
Et pedibus ? Durate, atque expectate cicadas ? 

Verum ut dissimules, ut mittas ceetera, quanto 7^ 
Metiris pretio^ quod^ ni tibi deditus essem, 
Devotusque cliens, uxor tua virgo maneret ? 
Scis certe quibus ista modis, quam ssepe rogaris, 
Et quae pollicitus. Fugientem saepe puellam 
Amplexu rapui; tabulas quoque ruperat, et jam /♦> 

Signabat : tota vix hoc ego nocte redemi^ 
Te plorante foris. Testis mihi lectulus, et tu^ 
Ad quern pervenit lecti sonus et dominee vox. 
Instabile, ac dirimi coeptum, et jam pene solutum 
Conjugium in multis domibus servavit adulter. 80 

Quo te circumagas ? quae prima aut ultima ponas ? 
Nullum ergo meritum est^ ingrate ac perfide, nullum, 
Quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me ? 
Tollis enim, et libris actorum spargere gaudes 
Argumenta viri. Foribus suspende coronas ; 85 

ask on : but my slave complains he is the only one, like Polyphemus' 
broad eye, through which the subtle Ulysses escaped. t>5 

Another must be purchased, for this one is not sufficient ; both 
must be fed. What shall I do when winter howls ? what, I pray you, 
what shall I say, in the month of December, to the shoulders 
and feet of my slaves ? Endure, and wait the return of the grasshoppers ? 

But though you may dissemble, though you may omit the rest, at what 
price do you estimate it, that, unless I had been given up to you, 7 1 
and a devoted client, your wife would have continued a virgin ? 
You certainly know by what means andhow often you requested these things 
and what you promised. Often have I caught the flying maid 
in close embrace ; she had even torn the marriage contract, and now 7 5 
was signing another ; I scarcely redeemed this in a whole night, 
while you were weeping at the door. The bed is my witness, and you 
to whom the noise of the bed and the voice of my mistress came. 
The marriage-bond (unstable and about to be dissevered, and now almost 
dissolved in many houses,) has the adulterer preserved. 80 

Whither can you turn yourself ? what can you offer first or last ? 
Is it therefore no merit, ungrateful and perfidious, none, 
that a little son or daughter is born to you from me ? 
For you rear them, and in the books of records you rejoice to scatter 
the proofs of your manhood. Suspend garlands from your gates ; 8.") 



108 JUVENALIS SATIRA IX. 

Jam pater es : dedimus quod famee opponere possis. 
Jura parentis habes ; propter me scriberis hseres ; 
Legatum omne capis^ necnon et dulce caducum. 
Commoda prseterea junguntur multa caducis^ 
Si numerunx, si tres implevero. Juv. Justa doloris, 90 
Neevole^ causa tui : contra tamen ille quid affert ? 

Ncev. Negligit,atque alium bipedem sibi quserit asellum. 
Heec soli commissa tibi celare memento^ 
Et tacitus nostras intra te fige querelas. 
Nam res mortifera est inimicus pumice laevis. 95 

Qui modo secretum commiserate ardet^ et odit, 
Tanquam prodiderim quicquid scio : sumere ferrum^ 
Fuste aperire caputs candelam apponere valvis 
Non dubitat. Nee contemnas aut despicias^ quod 
His opibus nunquam cara est annona veneni. 100 

Ergo occulta teges^ ut curia Martis Athenis. 

Juv. O Corydon, Corydon, secretum divitis ullum 
Esse putas ? Servi ut taceant jumenta loquentur, 
Et canis, et postes, et marmora : claude fenestras, 
Vela tegant rimas, junge ostia, tollito lumen 105 

E medio, taceant omnes^ prope nemo recumbat : 
Quod tamen ad cantum galli facit ille secundi, 



now you are a father : we have given what you can oppose to report. 

You possess the rights of a parent ; by me you are enrolled an heir ; 

you obtain all the legacy, and likewise a pleasant windfall. 

Besides, many advantages are joined to these windfalls, 

if I complete the number, if / have three. Juv. Just is the cause 90 

of your complaint, Nsevolus ; but what does he advance on the other hand? 

Ncev. He neglects me, and seeks another two-legged ass for himself. 
Remember to conceal these things confided to you alone, 
and in silence preserve my complaints to yourself. 

For an enemy sleeked by a pumice-stone is a deadly thing. 95 

He who lately had committed the secret is enraged, and hates me, 
as if I had betrayed whatever I know : he hesitates not to take a sword, 
to break my head with a club, to set fire to my doors. 
Neither contemn nor despise this truth, that 

to these rich men the price of poison is never dear. 100 

Therefore conceal secrets as the court of Mars at Athens. 

Juv. O Corydon, Corydon, do you think that there is any thing secret 
among the rich ? Though servants be silent the cattle will speak, 
and the dog, and posts, and marbles : shut the windows, 
let curtains cover the chinks, bar the doors, carry the light 105 

from the middle of the house, let all be silent, let no one lie near ; 
yet, what he does at the crowing of the second cock, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA IX. 109 

Proximus ante diem caupo sciet, audiet et quae 

Finxerunt pariter librarius,, archimagiri, 

Carptores: quod enim dubitant componere crimen 110 

In dominos,, quoties rumoribus ulciscuntur 

Baltea ? nee deerit qui te per compita quserat 

Nolentem^ et miseram vinosus inebriet aurem. 

Illos ergo roges quicquid paulo ante petebas 

A nobis : taceant illi, sed prodere malunt 115 

Arcanum quam subrepti potare Falerni^ 

Pro populo faciens quantum Saufeia bibebat. 

Vivendum recte, cum propter plurima,, turn his 
Prsecipue causls,, ut linguas mancipiorum 
Contemnas : nam lingua mall pars pessima servi. 120 
Deterior tamen hio, qui liber non erit. illis 
Quorum animas et farre suo custodit et sere. 

Ncev. Idcirco^ ut possim linguam contemnere servi^ 
Utile consilium modo, sed commune, dedisti : 
Nunc mihi quid suades post damnum temporis, et spes 
Deceptas ? festinat enim decurrere, velooc 1 26 

FJosculus, angustce miserceque brevissima vitce 
Portio : dum bibimus, dum serta, unguenta, puellas 
Poscimus, obrepit non intellecta senectus. 

the next inn-keeper shall know before day-break, and hear likewise 

what the steward, the master- cooks, the carvers have invented : 

for what crime do they hesitate to frame 110 

against their masters, whenever by evil rumours they revenge 

the strap ? nor shall he be wanting who seeks you through the streets 

against your will, and being intoxicated will stun your miserable ear. 

Therefore you may ask them what a little before you exacted 

of me : let them be silent ; but they had rather betray 115 

the secret than drink of stolen Falernian wine, 

as much as Saufeia used to quaff, ivhen sacrificing for the people. 

You must live correctly, for many reasons, but for these 
causes chiefly, that the tongues of slaves 

you may despise : for the tongue is the worst part of a bad servant. 120 
However, he who will not be free is worse than they^ 
whose lives he supports both with his bread and money. 

Ncev. Therefore, that I may despise the tongue of a servant, 
you have now given a useful but common admonition. 
Now what do you advise me after my loss of time, and my hopes 125 
disappointed ? For, like the swift -fading flower, 
the very short portion of a scanty and miserable life hastens to decay : 
while we drink, while we call for garlands, ointments, girls, 
old age unperceived creeps on. 



110 JUVENALIS SATIRA IX. 

Juv. Ne trepida : nunquam pathicus tibi deerit amicus,, 
Stantibus et salvis his collibus : undique ad illos 131 
Convenient et carpentis et navibus omnes 
Qui digito scalpunt uno caput. Altera major 
Spes superest : tu tantum erucis imprime dentem. 

Ncev. Heec exempla para felicibus : at mea Clotho 135 
Et Lachesis gaudent si pascitur inguine venter. 
O parvi nostrique lares ! quos thure minuto^ 
Aut farre_, et tenui soleo exornare corona, 
Quando ego figam aliquid quo sit mihi tuta senectus 
A tegete et baculo ? viginti millia foenus 140 

Pignoribus positis ? argenti vascula purl, 
Sed quae Fabricius censor notet, et duo fortes 
De grege Mcesorunx, qui me cervice locata 
Securum jubeant clamoso insistere circo ? 
Sit mihi preeterea curvus cselator, et alter 145 

Qui multas facies pingat cito. Sufficient hsec, 
Quando ego pauper ero. Votum miserabile ! nee spes 
His saltern ; nam cum pro me Fortuna rogatur, 
Affigit ceras ilia de nave petitas 
Quae Siculos cantus effugit remige surdo. 150 

Juv. Fear not : a pathic friend shall never be wanting to you, 130 
while these hills are standing and safe : to them, from every place, 
both in chariots and ships, all will come 
who scratch the head with one finger. Another greater 
hope remains : do you only impress your tooth upon stimulating herbs. 

Ncev. Prepare such occasions for the fortunate : but my Clotho 135 
and Lachesis rejoice if my belly is fed by my own means. 
O my poor household gods ! whom, with a little incense 
or a cake and slender chaplet, I am wont to adorn, 
when shall I secure any thing by which my old age may be saved 
from a coarse garment and a crutch ? twenty thousands at interest 140 
by pledges deposited ? small vessels of pure silver, 
but which Fabricius the censor would notice, and two strong men 
of the tribe of the Mcesians, who with their shoulders under me 
may bid me stand secure in the noisy circus ? 

Let me have besides a skilful engraver, and another 145 

who can expeditiously paint many countenances. These shall suffice, 
since I shall ever be poor. A miserable wish ! nor is there hope 
even of these ; for when Fortune is importuned for me, 
she fixes in her ears the wax obtained from that ship 
which escaped the Sicilian songs owing to the rower being deaf. 150 



SATIRA X. 

DE VOTIS HUMANIS. 



Omnibus in terns quae sunt a Gadibus usque 
Auroram et Gangem,, paaci dignoscere possunl 
Vera bona atque tills multum diversa, remota 
Erroris nebula : quid enim ratione timemus 
Aut cupimus ? quid tarn dextro pede concipis^ ut te 5 
Conatus non poeniteat, votique peracti ? 
Evertere domos totas optantibus ipsis 
Di faciles : nocitura toga,, nocitura petuntur 
Militia. Torrens dicendi copia multis, 
Et sua mortifera est facundia. "Viribus ille 10 

Confisus periit admirandisque lacertis. 
Sed plures nimia congesta pecunia cura 
Strangulat, et cuncta exsuperans patrimonia census,, 
Gluanto delphinis balsena Britannica major. 
Temporibus diris igitur^ jussuque Neronis^ 15 

Longinum^ et magnos Senecee prsedivitis hortos 
Clausit^ et egregias Lateranorum obsidet cedes 
Tota cohors : rarus venit in coenacula miles. 
Pauca licet portes argenti vascula puri, 

In all the countries which are situated from Gades even to 
the East and the Ganges, few are able to distinguish 
real benefits and things very different from them, 

by the mist of prejudice being removed : for what with reason do we fear 
or desire ? what do you conceive with so prosperous a footing, that 5 
it does not repent you of the attempt and your wish accomplished ? 
The complying gods have overthrown whole families at their own wishing ; 
destructive things are sought in peace, destructive things 
in war. To many a rapid fluency of speaking 

and their own eloquence are fatal. That man 10 

who trusted to his strength and his wonderful arms perished. 
But money heaped together with too much care, 
and a revenue exceeding all patrimonies 

by as much as a British whale is larger than dolphins, strangles more. 
Thus in direful times, and by the command of Nero, 15 

a whole cohort beset Longinus, and the extensive gardens of rich Seneca, 
an:l besieged the stately edifices of the Laterans : 
a soldier seldom comes to a tenement rented by the poor. 
Although you carry a few little vessels of pure silver, 



112 JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 

Nocte iter ingressus^ gladium contumque timebis, 20 
Et motse ad lunam trepidabis arundinis umbram. 
Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator. 

Prima fere vota^ et cunctis notissima templis^ 
Divitise ut crescant, ut opes ; ut maxima toto 
Nostra sit area Foro : sed nulla aconita bibuntur 25 
Fictilibus: tunc ilia time cum pocula sumes 
Gemmata^ et lato Setinum ardebit in auro. 

Jamne igitur laudas^ quod de sapientibus alter 
Ridebat, quoties a limine moverat unum 
Protuleratque pedem ? flebat contrarius alter ? 30 

Sed facilis cuivis rigidi censura cachinni : 
Mirandum est unde ille oculis suifecerit humor. 
Perpetuo risu pulmonem agitare solebat 
DemocrituSj quanquam non essent urbibus illis 
Proetexta^ et trabe^ fasces,, lectica, tribunal. 35 

Quid ! si vidisset Prsetorem in curribus altis 
Extantem^ et medio sublimem in pulvere Circi^ 
In tunica Jovis^ et pictas Sarrana ferentem 
Ex humeris aulsea togse^ magnseque coronse 
Tantum orbem^ quanto cervix non sufficit ulla ? 40 

Quippe tenet sudans hanc publicus^ et sibi Consul 

proceeding on your way by night, you shall dread the sword and bludgeon, 
and tremble at the shadow of a reed shaken in the moon -light. 21 

A traveller without wealth will sing before a robber. 

Generally our first prayers, and most common in all the temples, are, 
that riches, that wealth may increase ; that our own chest 
may be the largest in the whole Forum : but no poisons are drunk 25 
out of common vessels : then fear these things when you shall take cups 
set with gems, and the Setian wine shall sparkle in a large golden bowl. 

Do you not now therefore commend it, that one of the sages (Democritus) 
laughed as often as he moved from his threshold, 

and advanced one foot ? that the other (Heraclitus) on the contrary wept ? 
But the severity of a satirical laugh is easy to any one : 31 

it is astonishing whence that moisture was supplied to the eyes of the latter. 
With perpetual laughing Democritus was accustomed to agitate his lungs, 
although there were not in those cities 

the senatorial gown, and robes of state, rods, litter, or tribunal. 35 

What ! if he had beheld the Praetor in his lofty chariot 
standing forth, and conspicuous in the middle of the dusty Circus, 
in the vestment of Jove, and bearing on his shoulders the Tyrian 
tapestry of his embroidered gown, and of a great crown 
such a circumference as one neck is not sufficient to support ? 40 

For a public slave, perspiring, holds it, and lest the Consul 



JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 113 

Ne placeat, curru. servus portatur eodem. 

Da nunc et volucrem^ sceptro quae surgit eburno, 

Illinc cornicines^ hinc preecedentia longi 

Agminis officia,, et niveos ad freena Quirites,, 45 

Defossa in loculis quos sportula fecit amicos. 

Tunc quoque materiam risus invenit ad omnes 

Occursus hominum ; cujus prudentia monstrat 

Summos posse viros^ et magna exempla daturos^ 

Vervecum in patria crassoque sub aere nasci. 50 

Ridebat curas^ necnon et gaudia vulgi^ 

Interdum et lachrymas ; cum Fortunae ipse minaci 

Mandaret laqueum^ mediumque ostenderet unguem. 

Ergo supervacua hsec aut perniciosa petuntur^ 

Propter quee fas est genua incerare deorum. 55 

Quosdam preecipitat subjecta potentia magnee 
Invidiam mergit longa atque insignis honorum 
Pagina; descendant statuse restemque sequuntur: 
Ipsas deinde rotas bigarum impacta securis 
Caeditj et immeritis franguntur crura cab^llis. 60 

Jam strident ignes ; jam follibus atque caminis 
Ardet adoratum populo caputs et crepat ingens 
Sejanus : deinde ex facie toto orbe secunda 

should be too proud of himself, he is borne along in the same chariot. 

And now give him the eagle which rises on an ivory sceptre, 

on one side the horn -blowers, on the other the officials of an extended 

troop marching in the van, and white-robed citizens at his reins, 45 

whom the dole, concealed in his pockets, has made his friends. 

Then likewise he found some reason for laughter among all 

companies of men ; whose wisdom shews 

that characters the most exalted, and about to give great examples, 

may be born in the country of wethers, and under a foggy atmosphere. 50 

He laughed at the cares, and also at the joys of the -vulgar, 

sometimes even at their tears ; when he himself to threatening Fortune 

ordered a halter, and showed in contempt his middle finger. 

Thus those superfluous or pernicious things are sought for, 

on account of which it is customary to wax the knees of the gods. 55 

Power, subject to great envy, precipitates some ; 
a long and illustrious page of honours overwhelms them ; 
their statues come down, and follow the rope ; [chariots, 

then the impelled hatchet cuts through the very wheels of the two-horsed 
and the legs of the steeds are broken without deserving it. 6'0 

Already the fires roar ; now, with bellows and furnaces, 
the head adored by the people is burnt, and the great Sejanus cracks ; 
then out of the second face in the whole world 



114 JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 

Fiunt urceoll, pelves, sartago,, patellae. 

Pone domi lauros, due in Capitolia magnum 65 

Cretatumque bovem : Sejanus ducitur unco 
Spectandus : gaudent omiies. Gluse labra, quis illi 
Vultus erat ! Nunquam, si quid mihi credis, amavi 
Hunc hominem : sed quo cecidit sub crimine ? quisnam 
Delator ? quibus indiciis, quo teste probavit ? 70 

Nil horum : verbosa et grandis epistola venit 
A Capreis. Bene habet; nil plus interrogo : sed quid 
Turba Rem! ? Sequitur fortunam ut semper, et odit 
Damnatos. Idem populus, si Nurscia Thusco 
Favisset, si oppressa foret secura senectus 75 

Principis, hac ipsa Sejanum diceret bora 
Augustum. Jampridem, ex quo sufFragia nulli 
Vendimus, effudit curas. Nam qui dabat olim 
Imperium, fasces, legiones, omnia, nunc se 
Continet, atque duas tantum res anxius optat, 80 

Panem et Circenses. Perituros audio multos. 
Nil dubium : magna est fornacula : pallidulus mi 
Brutidius meus ad Martis fuit obvius aram. 
Quam timeo victus ne poenas exigat Ajax, 
Ut male defensus ! curramus prsecipites, et 85 

are made water-pots, basons, frying-pan, and platters. 

1 Place laurels upon your house, lead to the Capitol a large 95 

and white ox : Sejanus is dragged with a hook 
to be gazed at : all rejoice ? What lips, what a countenance 
had he ! Never, if you believe me any thing, did I love 
this man : but under what crime has he fallen ? who 
was informer ? from what discoveries, by what evidence has he proved it ?' 

* Nothing of these : a long and pompous epistle came 7 1 
from Caprese.' ' It is well ; I ask nothing more : but what 

did the rabble of Remus ? ' ' It follows fortune as usual, and hates 
the condemned. This same people, if Nurscia had favoured the Tuscan, 
if the secure old age of the prince had been borne down, 75 

would have proclaimed Sejanus Augustus in that very hour. 
Long ago, from the time that we sold our suffrages to no man, 
hath the mob rid itself of cares. For they who formerly bestowed 
empire, the fasces, legions, all things, now 

restrain themselves, and with anxiety desire two things only, 80 

bread and the Circensian games.' i I hear that many are about to perish. 7 

* No doubt : the furnace is large : 

my friend Brutidius, rather pale, met me at the altar of Mars. 

How I fear lest this Aj ax vanquished should exact punishments, 

as being badly defended ! let us run precipitately, and 85 






JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 115 

Dum jacet in ripa, calcemus Csesaris hostem. 
Sed videant servi, ne quis neget, et pavidum in jus 
Cervice astricta dominum trahat. Hi sermones 
Tunc de Sejano : secreta heec murmura vulgi. 

Visne salutari sicut Sejanus ; habere 90 

Tantundenx, atque illi summas donare curules ; 
Ilium exercitibus prseponere ; tutor haberi 
Principis Augusta Caprearum in rupe seclentis 
Cum grege Chaldeeo ? Vis certe pila^ cohortes^ 
Egregios equites^ et castra domestica ? quidni 95 

Heec cupias? et qui nolunt occidere quenquam^ 
Posse volunt. Sed quce prceclara et prospera tanti, 
Cum rebus testis par sit mensura malorum ? 
Hujus qui trahitur prsetextam sumere mavis. 
An Fidenarum Gabiorumque esse potestas ? 100 

Et de mensura jus dicere, vasa minora 
Frangere, pannosus vacuis iEdilis Ulubris ? 
Ergo quid optandum foret ignorasse-fateris 
Sejanum : nam qui nimios optabat honores, 
Et nimias poscebat opes, numerosa parabat 105 

Excels3e turns tabulata, unde altior esset 
Casus, et impulsse preefceps immane ruinae. 

trample on the enemy of Caesar, while he lies upon the bank. 
But let our slaves see us, lest any one deny it, and drag his trembling 
master to judgment with his neck in a halter.' These were the speeches 
then concerning Sejanus ; these the secret murmurs of the multitude. 

Do you wish to be saluted as Sejanus was ; to have 90 

as much wealth, and to bestow the highest official chairs on one ; 
to place another over armies ; to be regarded the guardian 
of a prince sitting on the Augustine rock of Caprese 
with his Chaldean train \ Surely you wish for javelins, cohorts, 
illustrious cavalry, and domestic camps ? for why should you not 95 

desire these things ? even those who are unwilling to kill any one, 
wish they were able. But what splendid and prosperous situations are 
of such value, when with prosperity there may be an equal measure of evils t 
Would you rather assume the robe of this man who is dragged along, 
or be the ruler of Fidenae and Gabii ? 1 00 

and give judgment concerning measures, by breaking the smaller vessels, 
as a ragged jEdile at the unfrequented Ulubrae ? 
Thus you confess that Sejanus knew not what should be wished for : 
for he who desired too many honours, 

and prayed for too many riches, raised the numerous 105 

stories of a lofty tower, whence the higher was 
his fall, and the precipice of his impelled overthrow immense. 



116 JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 

Quid CrassoSj quid Pompeios evertit, et ilium 
Ad sua qui domitos deduxit flagra Quirites ? 
Summus nempe locus^ nulla non arte petitus^ 110 

Magnaque numinibus vota exaudita malignis. 
Ad generum Cererls sine ceede et vulnere pauci 
Descendunt reges,, et sicca morte tyranni. 

Eloquium ac famam Demosthenis aut Ciceronis 
Incipit optare^ et totis Quinquatribus op tat, 115 

Quisquis adhue uno partam colit asse Minervam^ 
Quern sequitur custos angustee vernula capsse. 
Eloquio sed uterque perit orator : utrumque 
Largus et exundans letho dedit ingenii fons : 
Ingenio manus est et cervix caesa ; nee unquam 1 20 
Sanguine causidici maduerunt rostra pusilli. 
fortunatam natdm me Conside Romam! 
Antoni gladios potuit contemnere^ si sic 
Omnia dixisset : ridenda poemata malo., 
Quam te conspicuse,, divina Philippica, famse^ 125 

Volveris a prima quae proxima. Sseyus et ilium 
Exitus eripuit, quern mirabantur Athenae 
TorrentenL, et pleni moderantem fraena theatri : 
Dis ille adversis genitus^ fatoque sinistro^ 

What overthrew the Crassi, what the Pompeys, and him 
who humbled the subdued Romans to his lash ? 

Doubtless an exalted station, sought by every art, 110 

and prayers long heard by malignant deities. 

To the son-in-law of Ceres, few kings without slaughter or a wound 
descend, or tyrants with a bloodless death. 

He begins to wish for the eloquence and fame of Demosthenes 
or Cicero, and he prays for it during the whole five days festival, 115 
whoever as yet cultivates Eloquence purchased with one penny, 
whom the little slave follows, the guardian of his narrow satchel. 
But each orator perished by his eloquence : 

a large and overflowing fountain of genius consigned both to death : 
a hand and neck is cut off on account of genius ; nor have ever 120 

the rostrums been sprinkled with the blood of a paltry pleader. 
' How fortunate .' to be renate, Rome, when I as Consul sate ! ' 
He {Cicero) might have despised the swords of Antony, if thus 
he had uttered all things : I had rather write poems to be laughed at, 
than thee, divine Philippic, of conspicuous fame, 125 

which art rolled-up next to the first A cruel end also 
cut off him (Demosthenes) whom Athens admired, 
eloquent as he was, and capable of directing the crowded theatre : 
he was born with the gods adverse, and an unpropitious fate, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 117 

Quern pater ardentis massse fuligine lippus, 130 

A carbon e et forcipibus,, gladiosque parante 
Incude^ et luteo Vulcano^ ad rhetora misit. 

Bellorum exuviae^ truncis affixa trophseis 
Lorica^ et fracta de casside buccula pendens^ 
Et curtum tempne jugum,, victeeque triremis 135 

Aplustre,, et summo tristis captivus in arcu,, 
Humanis majora bonis creduntur : ad hsec se 
Romanus,, Graiusque ac Barbaras induperator 
Erexit : causas discriminis atque laboris 
Inde habuit. Tanto major famce sitis est quam 140 

Virtvtis : quis enim virtutem amplectitur ipsam 
Proemia si tollds ? Patriam tamen obruit olim 
Gloria paucoruim. et laudis^ titulique cupido 
Haesuri saxis cineram custodibus ; ad quee 
Discutienda valent sterilis mala robora ficus : 1 45 

Quandoquidem data sunt ipsis quoque fata sepulchris. 

Expende Hannibalem : quot libras in duce summo 
Invenies ? hie est, quern non capit Africa Mauro 
Perfusa oceano^ Niloque admota tepenti. 
Rursus ad ./Ethiopum populos^ aliosque elephantos 150 
Additur imperils Hispania : Pyrenseum 

whom his father, bleared with the smoke of the burning mass, 

sent from the coal and tongs, and the anvil preparing swords, 131 

and sooty Vulcan, to a rhetorician. 

The spoils of war, a coat of mail fixed on trunks of trees as trophies, 
and a beaver pendent from a broken helmet, 

and a chariot divested of its beam, the flag too of a vanquished galley, 
and a melancholy captive on an elevated arch, 136 

are believed greater than human blessings : for these 
the Roman, the Grecian, and the Barbarian commander 
exerts himself: the motives of danger and toil 

he thence derives. The thirst of fame is so much greater than 140 

that of virtue : for who courts virtue herself 

if you take away her rewards! Formerly, however, the glory of a few 
ruined their native country, added to the desire of praise, and of a title 
to be fixed on the monumental stones as preservers of their ashes ; 
which the malicious roots of a barren fig-tree are able to destroy : 145 
since even destruction attends the sepulchres themselves. 

Weigh Hannibal : how many pounds in the mighty general 
will you find ? this is he whom Africa, washed by the Mauritanian 
ocean, and stretching to the warm Nile, does not hold. 
Again, to the people of Ethiopia and other elephant countries, 150 

Spain is added by his conquests : the Pyrenees 



118 JUVENILIS SATIRA X. 

Transilit : opposuit natura Alpemque nivemque : 

Diduxit scopulos,, et mohtem rupit aceto. 

Jam tenet Italiam, tamen ultra pergere tendit : 

Actum,, inquit, nihil est, nisi Poeno milite portas 155 

Frangimus^ et media vexihum pono Suburra. 

O qualis facies^ et quali digna tabella^ 

Cum Gsetula ducem portaret bellua luscum ! 

Exitus ergo quis est ? 6 gloria ! vincitur idem 
Nempe^ et in exilium pneceps fugit, atque ibi magnus 
Mirandusque cliens sedet ad prsetoria regis_, 161 

Donee Bithyno libeat vigilare tyranno. 
Finem animse quee res human as miscuit olim^ 
Non gladii,, non saxa dabant, non tela : sed ille 
Cannarum vindex, et tanti sanguinis ullor^ 165 

Annulus. 1^ demens,, et seevas curre per Alpes^ 
Ut pueris placeas,, et declamatio fias ! 

Unus Pellseo juveni non sufficit orbis : 
^Estuat infelix angusto limite mundi, 
Ut Gyaree clausus scopulis parvaque Seripho. 170 

Cum tamen a figulis munitam intraverat urbem^ 
Sarcophago contentus erat. Mors sola fatetur 
Quantula sint hominum corpuscula. Creditur olim 

he passed over : nature opposed to him both the Alps and the snow : 

he rent the rocks, and burst open the mountain with acid. « 

Now he possesses Italy, yet he resolves to march farther : 

Nothing is done, says he, unless with our Punic army 155 

we force the gates, and I place my standard in the midst of the Suburra. 

Oh what a face, and of what a picture deserving, 

when the Gsetulian beast carried the one-eyed general ! 

Then what is his end ? O glory ! that the same man is conquered, 
and flies precipitately into exile, and there the great 160 

and renowned dependant sits at the palace of the king, 
until it please the Bithynian tyrant to awake. 
To the life which formerly confounded human affairs, 
not swords, nor stones, nor darts put an end ; but that 
avenger of Cannse, and revenger of so much blood — 165 

a ring. Go, madman, and run over the rugged Alps, 
that you may please boys, and become the theme for a declamation ! 

One globe does not satisfy the Pellsean youth : 
the unhappy man is chagrined at the contracted limit of the world, 
as if enclosed by little Seriphus and the rocks of Gyarae. 170 

Yet when he had entered the city fortified with brick walls, 
he was contented with a tomb. Death alone proclaims 
how perishable are the puny bodies of men. Athos is believed once 



JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 119 

Velificatus Athos. et quicquid Grsecia mendax 

Audet in historia; cum stratum classibus isdem, 175 

Suppositumque rotis solidum mare : credimus altos 

Defecisse amnes^ epotaque flumina Medo 

Prandente,, et madidis cantat quae Sostratus alis. 

Ule tamen quails rediit Salamine relicta^ 

In Corum atque Eurum solitus ssevire flagellis 180 

BarbaruSj ^Eolio nunquam hoc in carcere passos^ 

Ipsum compedibus qui vinxerat Ennosiggeum ? 

Mitius id sane^ quod non et stigmate dignum 

Credidit : huic quisquam vellet servire deorum ? 

Sed qualis rediit? nempe una nave cruentis 185 

FluctibuSj ac tarda per densa cadavera prora. 

Has toties optata exegit gloria poenas. 

Da spatium vitse,, multos da^ Jupiter^ annos : 
Hoc recto vultu, solum hoc et pallidus optas. 
Sed quam continuis et quantis longa senectus 1 90 

Plena malls ! deformem et tetrum ante omnia vultum, 
Dissimilemque sui^ deformem pro cute pellem^ 
Pendentesque genas^ et tales aspice rugas^, 
Quales^ umbriferos ubi pandit Tabraca saltus^ 
In vetula scalpit jam mater simia bucca. 195 

to have been circumnavigated, and whatever lying Greece 

ventures in history ; when the sesuvas covered with these same ships, 175 

and put under wheels as a pavement : we believe that deep 

rivers failed, and waters were drunk up by the Mede 

as he dined, and whatever Sostratus sings in his drunken nights. 

Yet how did that Barbarian {Xerxes) return from abandoned Salamis, 

who was wont to rage with scourges against the West and East winds, 180 

which never suffered this in their ^Eohan prison, 

and who had bound earth-shaking Neptune himself with chains? 

It was very kind truly, that he did not also consider him deserving the lash : 

was any of the gods willing to serve him ? 

But how did he return ? namely, with one ship through the gory 185 

waves, and with its tardy prow among the crowded carcasses. 

Glory, so often wished for, required these sacrifices. 

* O Jupiter, grant me length of life, grant me many years : ' 
This you wish for in health, and for this alone when sick. 
But with what continual and overwhelming ills is old age 190 

replete/ Above all things, behold the countenance deformed and hideous, 
so unlike itself, an ugly hide for a skin, 
and flabby cheeks, and such wrinkles 
as, where Tabraca extends her shady groves, 
a mother ape now scratches on her old cheek, 195 



120 JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 

Plurima sunt juvenum discrimina ; pulchrior ille 
Hoe, atque ille alio : multum hie robustior illo : 
Una senum facies^ cum voce trementia membra^ 
Et jam lseve caputs madidique infantia nasi : 
Frangendus misero gingiva panis inermi : 200 

Usque adeo gravis uxor!, gnatisque^ sibique^ 
Ut captatori moveat fastidia Cosso. 
Non eadem vini atque cibi^ torpente palato,, 
Gaudia : nam coitus jam longa oblivio : vel si 
ConeriSj jacet exiguus cum ramice nervus ; 205 

Et quamvis tota palpetur nocte jacebit. 
Anne aliquid sperare potest haec inguinis segri 
Canities ? quid^ quod merito suspecta libido est 
Quae Venerem affectat sine viribus ? Aspice partis 
Nunc damnum alterius : nam quae cantante voluptas^ 210 
Sit licet eximiusj citharoedo^ sive Seleuco^ 
Et quibus aurata mos est fulgere lacerna ? 
Quid refert magni sedeat qua parte theatri, 
Qui vix cornicines exaudiat atque tubarum 
Concentus? Clamore opus est, ut sentiat auris^ 215 
Quern dicat venisse puer, quot nunciet horas. 
Preeterea,, minimus gelido jam in corpore sanguis 

There are many varieties of young men ; this is fairer 
than that, and that than another : this much more robust than that : 
the face of old men is the same, their limbs trembling with their voice, 
and their head now bald, and the childishness of a running nose : 
bread must be broken for the wretch with his toothless gum : 200 

even so troublesome to his wife, and children, and himself, 
that he would excite loathings in the sycophant Cossus. 
As the palate languishes, the pleasures in wine and food are not the same : 
f for already there has been a long forgetfulness of sexual love : or if 
you should attempt, your nerve diminished with a rupture flags ; 205 
and although it may be excited the whole night it will remain inert. 
Can this hoariness of an impotent groin hope for any thing ? 
what, but that the desire is deservedly suspected 
which affects love without ^powers ? Now consider 

the loss of another faculty) for what is his pleasure, 210 

when the harper, however*>elebrated, or even Seleucus, is singing, 
or those whose custom it is to shine in an embroidered garment ? 
What matters it in what part of the extensive theatre he sits, 
who can scarcely hear the horn-blowers' and the trumpets' 
sounds ? There is need of vociferation, that his ear may learn 215 

whom his boy announces to have arrived, or what hour he calls it. 
Besides, the very little blood now in his chilled body 



JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 121 

Febre calet sola : circumsilit agmine facto 
Morborum omne genus^ quorum si nomina quaeras., 
Promptius expediam quot amaverit Hippia moechos; 220 
Quot Themison aegros autumno occiderit uno ; 
Quot Basilus socios,, quot circumscripserit Hirrus 
Pupillos ; quot longa viros exsorbeat uno 
Maura die, quot discipulos inclinet Hamillus. 
Percurram citius quot villas possideat nunc, 225 

Quo tondente gravis juveni mihi barba sonabat. 

Ille humerO; hie lumbis^ hie coxa debilis^ ambos 
Perdidit ille oculos^ et luscis invidet : hujus 
Pallida labra cibum capiunt digitis alienis. 
Ipse ad conspectum coenae diducere rictum 230 

Suetus^ hiat tantum, ceu pullus hirundinis^ ad quern 
Ore volat pleno mater jejuna. Sed omni 
Membrorum damno major dementia,, quae nee 
Nomina servorum, nee vultum agnoscit amici., 
Cum quo praeterita coenavit nocte^ nee illos 235 

Quos genuit, quos eduxit : nam codice saevo 
Haeredes vetat esse suos ; bona tota feruntur 
Ad Phialen : tantum artificis valet halitus oris, 
Quod steterat multos in carcere fornicis annos. 



is warmed by fever alone: there plays around him, in a complicated throng, 
every description of diseases, of which, if you ask the names, 
more readily could I calculate how many adulterers Hippia hath loved ; 
how many patients Themison hath killed in one autumn ; 221 

how many associates Basilus hath circumvented, how many pupils Hirrus ; 
{how many men long Maura could drain in one day, 
how many disciples Hamillus can seduce.) 

Sooner could I recapitulate how many villas he now possesses, 225 

by whose clipping my exuberant beard when young did rattle. 

That one is lame in the shoulder, this in the loins, this in the hip, 
that has lost both his eyes, and envies those blind of one : 
the pale lips of this receive food from another's fingers. 
He himself, accustomed to open his jaw at the sight of a supper, 230 
only gapes, like the young of a swallow, to which 
the hungry mother flies with a full mouth. But imbecility of mind 
is greater than all his loss of members, which knows 
neither the names of the servants, nor the countenance of a friend, 
with whom he supped the night previous, nor those 235 

whom he has begot, or whom he brought up : for by a cruel codicil 
he prevents his own being his heirs ; all his goods are made over 
to Phiale : so much the breath of an artful mouth prevails, 
which had stood for many years in the cell of a bagnio. 

G 



122 JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 

Ut vigeant sensus animL, ducenda tamen sunt 240 
Funera gnatornm^ rogus aspiciendus amatee 
Conjugis^ et fratris,, plenaeque sororibus urnee. 
Heec data poena dm viventibus; ut renovata 
Semper clade domus^ multis in luctibus^ inque 
Perpetuo mcerore^ et nigra veste senescant. 245 

Rex PyliuSj magno si quicquam credis Homero^ 
Exemplum vitse fuit a cornice secundee : 
Felix nimirum^ qui tot per secula mortem 
Distulitj atque suos jam dextra computat annos, 
Quique novum toties mustum bibit. Oro^ parumper 250 
Attendas^ quantum de legibus ipse queratur 
Fatonmx, et nimio de stamine^ cum videt acris 
Antilochi barbam ardentem : nam queerit ab omni, 
Quisquis adest, socio^ cur hsec in tempora duret ; 
Quod facinus dignum tarn longo admiserit eevo. 255 
Heec eadem Peleus raptum cum luget Achillem ; 
Atque alius^ cui fas Ithacum lugere natantem. 

Incolumi Troja Priamus venisset ad umbras 
Assaraci magnis solennibus^ (Hectore funus 
Portante^ ac reliquis fratrum cervicibus^ inter 260 

Iliadum lachrymas^ ut primos edere planctus 

Though the faculties of his mind are vigorous, yet are the funerals 
of his children to be carried out, the pile is to be seen of his beloved 241 
wife and of a brother, and of the urns filled with his sisters' ashes. 
This punishment is inflicted on long livers ; so that, the destruction 
of a family being always renewed, they may grow old in many sorrows, 
and in perpetual grief and black apparel. 245 

The Pylian king, if you credit the great Homer in any respect, 
was an instance of a life next to a raven : 
he was assuredly happy, who kept off death for so many ages, 
and now reckons up his years by his right-hand, 

and who so often has drunk the new vintage. I pray you, *250 

consider a little, how much he complains of the laws 
of the fates, and of his too long thread, when he sees the beard 
of his son the ardent Antilochus burning : for he asks of every 
companion, whoever is present, why he should continue to these times ; 
what crime he had committed worthy of so long a life. 2£5 

Peleus makes these same complaints when he laments Achilles cut off ; 
and another, to whom it was allotted to bewail the navigating Ithacan. 

Troy being secure, Priam had come to the shades 
of Assaracus with great solemnities, (Hector bearing the body, 
as well as the other shoulders of his brethren, among 260 

the tears of the Trojans, as the first expressions of w°e 



JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 123 

Cassandra inciperet, scissaque Polyxena palla^) 

Si foret extinctus diverso tempore^ quo non 

Coeperat audaces Paris sedificare carinas. 

Longa dies igitur quid contulit ? omnia vidit 265 

Eversa^ et flammis Asiam ferroque cadentem. 

Tunc miles tremulus posita tulit arma tiara, 

Et ruit ante aram summi Jovis, ut vetulus bos, 

Qui domini cultris tenue et miserabile collum 

Preebet, ib ingrato jam fastiditus aratro. 270 

Exitus ille utcunque hominis : sed torva canino 

Latravit rictu, quae post hunc vixerai, uxor. 

Festino ad nostros, et regem transeo Ponti 
Et Croesum, quern vox justi facunda Solonis 
Respicere ad longse jussit spatia ultima vitse. 275 

Exilium et career, Minturnarumque paludes, 
Et mendicatus victa Carthagine panis, 
Hinc causas habuere. Quid illo cive tulisset 
Natura in terris, quid Roma beatius unquam, 
Si circumducto captivorum agmine, et omni 280 

Bellorum pompa, animam exhalasset opimam, 
Cum de Teutonico vellet descendere curru ? 

Provida Pompeio dederat Campania febres 

Cassandra began to send forth, and Polyxena with her rent garment,) 

if he had died at a different time, when 

Paris had not begun to build his daring vessels. 

Therefore what did long life avail him ? he saw all things 265 

overturned, and Asia falling by fire and sword. 

Then as a trembling soldier, his diadem being laid aside, he took arms, 

and rushed before the altar of supreme Jove, as an old ox, 

who yields his lean and miserable neck to the knives of his master, 

being now spurned by the ungrateful plough, 270 

That, however, was the end of the man : but his grim wife, 

who lived after him, barked with the jaw of a dog. 

I hasten to our own, and pass by the king of Pontus 
and Croesus, whom the eloquent voice of just Solon 
directed to look to the last stages of a long life. 27o 

The exile and imprisonment of Marius, and the marshes of Minturnae, 
and bread begged in conquered Carthage, 
had their causes hence. What more happy than that citizen 
had nature ever produced on earth, what had Rome, 230 

if, surrounded by a troop of captives, and all 
the pomp of war, he had breathed forth his mighty soul, 
when he was about to descend from his Teutonic chariot ? 

Provident Campania had given to Pompey fevers 

G 2 



124 JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 

Optandas ; sed multae urbes^ et publica vota 
Vicerunt : igitur fortuna ipsius et urbis 285 

Servatum victo caput abstulit. Hoc cruciatu 
LentuhiSj hac poena caruit ; ceciditque Cethegus 
Integer., et jacuit Catilina cadavere toto. 

Formam optat modico pueris,, majore puellis 
Murmure^ cum Veneris fanum videt anxia mater 290 
Usque ad delicias votorum. Cur tameu, inquit, 
Corripias ? pulchra gaudet Latona Diana. 
Sed vetat optari faciem Lucretia^ qualem 
Ipsa habuit. Cuperet Rutilae Virginia gibbum 
Accipere^ atque suam Rutilse dare. Filius autem 295 
Corporis egregii miseros trepidosque parentes 
Semper habet: rara est adeo conccrdia formce 
Atque pudicitice ! Sanctos licet horrida mores 
Tradiderit domus^ ac veteres imitata Sabinas ; 
Prseterea castum ingenium^ vultumque modesto 300 
Sanguine ferventem tribuat natura benigna 
Larga manu_, (quid enim puero conferre potest plus 
Custode^ et cura natura potentior omni?) 
Non licet esse viros : nam prodiga corruptoris 
Improbitas ipsos audet tentare parentes : 305 

to be wished for ; but many cities and the public prayers 

prevailed : therefore the fortune of himself and of the city 285 

took off the head of the conquered hitherto preserved. This torture, 

this punishment, Lentulus escaped ; Cethegus too fell 

unmutilated, and Catiline lay witii an entire carcase. 

The anxious mother wishes beauty to her boys in a gentle whisper, 
but much louder for the girls (whenever she beholds the shrine of Venus), 
even to the fond transport of prayers. * Yet why,' says she, 291 

' do you blame me ? Latona rejoices in her fair Diana.' 
But Lucretia forbids a face to be wished for, such as 
she herself possessed. The hump -back of Rutila would a Virginia wish 
to assume, and to give her own form to Rutila. But a son 295 

of a fine form has always unhappy and fearful parents : 
so rare is the concord of beauty 
and chastity. Although divine morals the homely 
family should exhibit, and imitate the ancient Sabines ; — 
and besides, a chaste disposition, and a countenance 300 

glowing with modest blood, liberal nature should bestow 
with a bountiful hand, (for what further can nature, 
more powerful than his keeper and every care, confer upon a boy ?) — 
yet it is not allowed them to become men : for the prodigal 
vileness of the seducer dares to tempt the parents themselves : 305 



JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 125 

\Tanta in muneribus fiducia. Nullus ephebum 
Deformem seeva castravit in arce tyrannus : 
Nee praetextatum rapuit Nero loripedern, vel 
Strumosum^ atque utero pariter gibboque tumentem. 

I nunc; et juvenis specie lsetare tui, quern 310 

Majora expectant discrimina. Fiet adulter 
PublicuSj et poenas metuet quascunque maritus 
Exigit iratus : nee erit felicior astro 
MartiSj ut in laqueos nunquam incidat : exigit autem 
Interdum ille dolor plus,, quam lex ulla dolori 315 

Concessit. Necat hie ferro^ secat ille cruentis 
• Verberibus_, quosdam moechos et mugilis intrat, 

Sed tuus Endymion dilectee net adulter 
Matronse. Mox cum dederit Servilia nummos, 
Fiet et illius^ quam non amat : exuet omnem 320 

Corporis ornatum. Quid enim ulla negaverit udis 
Inguinibus^ sive est heec Hippia sive Catulla ? 
Deterior totos habetillic foemina mores, 

Sed casto quid forma nocet ? quid profuit olim 
Hippolyto grave propositum ? quid Bellerophonti ? 325 
Erubuit nempe hsec, ceu fastidita repulsa : 
Nee Sthenoboea minus quam Cressa excanduit^ et se 

f^such is the confidence in hribes. No tyrant 
has mutilated a deformed youth in his cruel palace : 
nor has Nero ravished a club-footed noble, or 
one scrofulous, and swelling equally in the chest and hump. 

Go now, and rejoice in the form of your young boy, whom 310 

greater dangers await. He may become a public adulterer, 
and dread the punishments which an enraged husband 
exacts ; nor shall he be happier than the star 
of Mars, that he never fall into the nets : but that affliction 
sometimes exacts more than any law has conceded to affliction. 315 

This kills with the sword, that cuts with cruel 
lashes, and the mullet pierces some adulterers. 

But your Endymion may become the gallant of a beloved 
matron. By and by, when Servilia shall give him money, 
he will become hers also, whom he does not love : she will sell every 320 
ornament of her body. For what will any woman deny to vigorous 
parts, whether she is Hippia or Catulla ? | 

The most niggardly woman here shows all her qualities. 

But how does beauty harm the chaste ? what of old 
did his rigid purpose profit Hippolytus ? what Bellerophon ? 325 

Indeed she reddened with anger, as if scorned by repulse : 
nor was Sthenoboea less inflamed than the Cretan, and 



126 JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 

Concussere ambse. Mulier saevissima tunc est^ 
Cum stimulos odio pudor admovet. Elige quidnam 
Suadendum esse putes^ cui nubere Csesaris uxor 330 
Destinat. Optimus hie et formosissimus idem 
Gentis patricia* rapitur miser extinguendus 
Messalinae oculis : dudum sedet ilia parato 
Flammeolo ; Tyriusque palam genialls in hortis 
Sternitur, et ritu decies centena dabuntur 335 

Antiquo : veniet cum signatoribus auspex. 
Heec tu secreta et paucis commissa putabas ? 
Non nisi legitime vult nubere. Quid placeat^ die : 
Ni parere veils,, pereundum est ante lucernas : 
Si scelus admittas^ dabitur mora parvula^ dum res 340 
Nota urbi et populo,, contingat principis aures. 
Dedecus ille domus sciet ultimus. Interea tu 
Obsequere imperio^ si tanti est vita dierum 
Paucorum: quicquid melius levi usque putaris^ 
Praebenda est gladio pulchra heec et Candida cervix. 345 

Nil ergo optabunt homines ? si consilium vis^ 
Permittes ipsls expendere numinibus quid 
Conveniat nobis, rebusque sit utile nostris. 
Nam pro jucundis aptissima quaeque dabunt di. 

both aroused themselves. A woman is then most savage, 
when shame adds stings to resentment. Choose whatever 
vou think advisable for him whom the wife of Csesar 
.esigns to marry. This best and fairest also 331 

)f the patrician race (Sillus) is hurried miserably to destruction 
before the eyes of Messalina : while long she sits in her prepared 
Oridal veil ; and the Tyrian nuptial couch in the gardens 
is openly spread, and ten times a hundred sestertia will be given 335 
by ancient custom : the soothsayer with the notaries shall come. 
Bid you think these things secret, and entrusted to a few ? 
she will not wed unless legitimately. Say what you please : 
unless you choose to comply, you must perish before lamp-light : 
if you commit the crime, a short delay will be granted, till the affair, 340 
known to the town and people, reach the ears of the prince. 
He shall know the disgrace of his family the last. In the mean time 
do you obey her command, if the life of a few days is of so much value : 
whichever you may think the best or the easiest, 
that beautiful and fair neck is to be devoted to the sword. 345 

Shall men then wish for nothing ? if you require advice, 
you should grant to the deities themselves to determine what 
may be proper for us, and profitable for our affairs. 
For the gods, instead of what are pleasing, will give what are most proper. 



JUVENALIS SATIRA X. 127 

Carior est tills homo quam sibi : nos animorum 350 
Impulsu, et caeca magnaque cupidine ductr, 
Conjugium petimus^ partumque uxoris : at illis 
Notum qui puerl qualisque futura sit uxor. 

Ut tamen et poscas aliquid^ voveasque sacellis 
Exta,, et candiduli divina tomacula porci, 355 

Orandum est ut sit mens sana in corpore sano. 
Fortem posce animum, et mortis terrore carentem ; 
Qui spatium vitae extremum inter munera ponat 
Naturae ; qui ferre queat quoscunque labores ; 
Nesciat irasci ; cupiat nihil ; et potiores 360 

Herculis aerumnas credat saevosque labores, 
Et Venere,, et coenis^ et plumis Sardanapali. 

Monstro quod ipse tibi possis dare : Semita certe 
Tranquillce per virtutem patet unica vitce. 
Nullum numen habes^ si sit prudentia ; sed te 365 

Nos facimuS; Fortuna^ dearn, coeloque locamus ! 

Alan is dearer to them than to himself: we, from from the mind's 350 

impulse, and urged by blind and strong desire, 

seek wedlock and the delivery of our spouse : but to them only 

is it known what the boys and what the wife may be. 

And yet, that you may ask something, and at the shrines offer 
the entrails and the sacred puddings of a whitish hog, 355 

you must pray that you may have a sound mind in abound body. 
Ask for a brave soul, and free from the terror of death ; 
that can place the last stage of life among the gifts 
of nature ; that can endure any hardships ; 

knows not what it is to be angry ; covets nothing ; and 360 

can believe the trials and severe labours of Hercules better 
than the lasciviousness, and luxury, and the downy beds of Sardanapalus. 

I show you what you can give to yourself : Assuredly the only path 
to a tranquil life lies open throuyh virtue. 

Thou hast no divinity, O Fortune, if there be prudence ; but 365 

we make thee a goddess, and place thee in heaven \ 



SATIRA XL 

AD PERSICUMj DE ROM^E LUXU RECENTI. 



Atticus eximie si coenat, lautus habetur; 

Si Rutilus^ demens : quid enim majore cachinno 

Excipitur vulgi quam pauper Apicius ? omnis 

Convictus^ thermal stationes^ omne theatrum 

De Rutilo. Nam dum valida ac juvenilia membra 5 

Sufficiunt galeae, dumque ardens sanguine^ fertur 

Non cogente quideim sed nee prohibente Tribune^ 

Scrip turus leges^ et regia verba lanistse. 

Multos porro vides^ quos ssepe elusus ad ipsum 
Creditor introitum solet expectare macelli^ 10 

Et quibus in solo vivendi causa palato est. 
Egregius coenat meliusque miserrimus horunij 
Et cito casurus jam perlucente ruina. 
Interea gustus elementa per omnia quserunt^ 
Nunquam animo pretiis obstantibus : interius si 15 

Attendas^ magis illajuvant quce phiris emuntur. 
Ergo haud difficile est perituram arcessere summam 
Lancibus oppositis^ vel matris imagine fracta^ 
Et quadringentis nummis condire gulosum 



If Atticus sup sumptuously, he is accounted splendid ; 

if Rutilus, mad : for what is received with greater derision 

of the vulgar than a poor Apicius ? every 

entertainment, the hot-baths, the places of resort, every theatre 

talks of Rutilus. For while his strong and juvenile limbs 5 

are sufficient for the helmet, and while warm with blood, it is said 

(the Tribune not compelling indeed, but not hindering him,) 

that he is about to write the laws and the words of command of a fencer. 

Moreover you see many whom a creditor, frequently eluded, 
is accustomed to wait for at the very entrance of the market-place, 10 
and to whom the motive for living is in the palate alone. 
The most wretched of these sups more splendidly and the better, 
though soon to fall, from his ruin of a house letting in the light. 
In the mean time they seek dainties through all the elements, 
the prices never checking their inclination : if more minutely 15 

you attend, those things delight the more which are bought for most. 
Therefore it is not difficult to obtain a sum to be squandered 
for pawned dishes, or the broken image of their mother, 
and for four hundred pieces to provide a luxurious 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XL 129 

Fictile. Sic veniunt ad miscellanea ludi. 20 

Refert ergo quis heec eadem paret : in Rutilo nam 

Luxuria est ; in Ventidio laudabile nomen 

Sumit, et a censu famam trahit. IUum ego jure 

Despicianij qui scit quanto sublimior Atlas 

Omnibus in Libya sit montibus ; hie tamen idem 25 

Ignoret quantum ferrata distet ab area 

Sacculus. E ccelo descendit, rNQei seayton, 

Figendum et memori tractandum pectore^ sive 

Conjugium queeras, vel sacri in parte senatus 

Esse veils. Nee enim loricam poscit Achillis 30 

ThersiteSj in qua se traducebat Ulysses 

Ancipitem : seu tu magno discrimine causam 

Protegere afFectas^ te consule^ die tibi quis sis ; 

Orator vehemens^ an Curtius,, an Matho. Buccee 

Noscenda est mensura tusa, spectandaque rebus 35 

In summis minimisque^ etiam cum piscis emetur ; 

Nee mullum cupias cum sit tibi gobio tantiim 

In loculis : quis enim te^ deficiente crumena 

Et crescente gula, manet exitus ; sere paterno 

Ac rebus mersis in ventrem, foenoris atque 40 

Argent! gravis^ et pecorum agrorumque capacem ? 

dish. Thus they arrive at the common fare of the fencing- school. C 2U 

It is material therefore who may prepare these same things : for 
in Rutilus it is luxury ; in Ventidius it assumes a laudable name, 
and draws fame from his estate. With justice 
I could despise him who knows how much Atlas is higher 
than all the mountains in Libya ; if yet this same man 25 

knew not how much a small purse differs from an iron chest. 
The maxim, ' Know thyself,' descended from heaven, 
to be fixed and revolved in your retentive mind, whether 
you desire marriage, or wish to be in a part of the sacred senate. 
Nor did Thersites demand the coat of mail of Achilles, 30 

in which Ulysses shewed himself 

with distrustful hesitation : or if a cause of great consequence you 
affect to defend, consult yourself, inform yourself who you are ; 
a powerful orator, or a Curtius, or a Matho. 

The capacity of your mouth must be known and regarded 35 

in the highest and lowest concerns, even when a fish is to be purchased ; 
nor do you desire a mullet when you have a gudgeon only 
in your pockets : for, your purse failing, 

and your gluttony increasing, what end awaits you ; your paternal estate 
and effects being sunk in your belly, capacious enough for tne interest, 40 
and heavy principal, and flocks, and fields ? 

G 5 



130 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XL 






Talibus a domims post cuncta novissimus exit 
AnnuluSj et digito mendicat Pollio nudo. 
Non preematuri cineres_, nee funus acerbum 
Luxuriee,, sed morte magis metuenda senectus. 
Hi plerumque gradus : conducta pecunia Romse^ 
Et coram domims consumitur : inde ubi paulum 
Nescio quid superest, et pallet foenoris auctor^ 
Qui vertere solum Baias et ad Ostia currunt. 
Cedere namque foro jam non tibi deterius, quam 
Esquilias a fervent! migrare Suburra. 
Ille dolor solus patriam fugientibus,, ilia 
Moestitia est, caruisse anno Circensibus uno. 
Sanguinis in facie non heeret gutta ; morantur 
Pauci ridiculum et fugientem ex urbe pudorem. 
Experiere hodie numquid pulcherrima dictu, 
Persice, non prsestem vita, nee moribus, et re ; 
Sed laudem siliquas occultus ganeo, pultes 
Coram aliis dictem puero, sed in aure placentas. 
Nam, cum sis conviva mihi promissus, habebis 
Evandrum, venies Tirynthius, aut minor illo 
Hospes, et ipse tamen contingens sanguine coelum : 
Alter aquis, alter flammis ad sidera missus. 



45 



50 



3D 



60 



From such masters, after all, the ring goes last, 

and Pollio begs with naked linger. 

Cinereal ashes are not premature, nor is a funeral bitter 

to luxury, but old age is to be dreaded more than death. 45 

These are frequently the gradations : money is borrowed at Rome, 

and spent in the presence of the owners : thence when but a little, 

I know not what, remains, and the owner of the money lent turns pale, 

those who have changed their residence run to Baise and to Ostia. 

For now it is no more discredit to you to quit the forum for debt, 50 

than to remove to the Esquiliss from the hot Suburra. 

This is the only grief to those flying their native country, this 

is their sorrow, to want the Circensian games for one year. 

Not a drop of blood remains in their face ; few retain 

any shame, which is ridiculed and expelled from the city. 55 

You shall experience to-day, Persicus, whether I do not practise 
the most admirable maxims in my life, manners, and estate ; 
but, if a private glutton, I might praise peas, order pulse 
to my slave before others, but in his ear sweetmeats. 
For, since you are promised to me as a guest, you shall find me 60 

an Evander, you shall come a Tirynthian, or a guest inferior to him 
{/Eneas) , and yet himself claiming heaven by blood ; 
the one sent up to the stars by water, the other by fire. 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XI. 131 

Fercula nunc audi nullis ornata macellis : 
De Tiburtino veniet pinguissimus agro 65 

HoeduluSj et to to grege mollior^ inscius herbae^ 
Necdum ausus virgas humilis mordere salicti ; 
Qui plus lactis habet quam sanguinis ; et montani 
AsparagL, posito quos legit villica fuso. 
Grandia praeterea^ tortoque calentia foeno 70 

Ova adsunt ipsis cum matribus^ et servatae 
Parte anni, quales fuerant in vitibus uvoe : 
Signinum Syriumque pyrum : de corbibus isdem 
Emula PiceniSj et odoris mala recentis,, 
Nee metuenda tibl, siccatum frigore postquam 75 

* Autumnunx, et crudl posuere pericula succi. 
Haec olim nostri jam luxuriosa senatus 
Coena fuit : Curius parvo quae legerat horto 
Ipse focis brevibus ponebat oluscula : quse nunc 
Squallidus in magna fastidit compede fossor^ 80 

Qui meminit calidaB sapiat quid vulva popinse. 

Sicci terga suis^ rara, pendentia crate> 
Moris erat quondam festis servare diebus^ 
Et natalitium cognatis ponere lardum, 
Accedente nova, si quam dabat liostia^, carne. 85 

Now hear the dishes furnished from no shambles : 
a very fat young kid shall come from my Tiburtine field, 65 

and tenderer than any of the whole herd, not used to grass, 
nor as yet daring to bite the twigs of the low willow ; 
that has more milk than blood ; and mountain asparaguses, 
which my farmer's wife gathered, after laying aside her distaff. 
Besides, large eggs, and warm from the twisted hay, 70 

are served up with the mothers themselves, and grapes preserved 
a part of the year, such as they were upon the vines : 
the Signian and the Syrian pear : out of the same baskets 
apples rivalling the Picene, and of a fresh smell, 

nor to be feared by you, after that, dried by cold, 75 

they have lost their autumnal rawness, and the dangers of their crude juice. 
Of old this was the luxurious supper of our senate : 
the pot-herbs which Curius had gathered in his small garden 
he himself placed on his little fire : which now 

the dirty ditcher in his large chain disdains, 80 

who remembers how the sow's belly of a smoking cook's- shop is relished. 

To reserve the back of a dried sow, hanging on a wide rack, 
was formerly the custom for festival days, 
and also to serve up birth-lday bacon to relations, 
with fresh meat added, if the sacrifice afforded any. 



132 JUVENALIS SATIRA XL 

Cognatorum aliquis titulo ter Consulis,, atque 

Castrorum imperils^ et Dictatoris honore 

Functus,, ad has epulas solito maturius ibat, 

Erectum domito referens a monte ligonem. 

Cum tremerent autem Fabios,, durumque Catonem, 90 

Et Scauros, et Fabricios,, rigidique severos 

Censoris mores etiam collega timeret ; 

Nemo inter curas,, et seria duxit habendum^ 

Qualis in oceani fluctu testudo nataret, 

Clarum Trojugenis factura ac nobile fulcrum : 95 

Sed nudo latere et parvis frons eerea lectis 

Vile coronati caput ostendebat aselli, 

Ad quod lascivi ludebant ruris alumni. 

Tales ergo cibl, qualis domus atque supellex. 

Tunc rudis et Graias mirari nescius artes^ 100 

Urbibus eversis,, preedarum in parte reperta^ 
Magnorum artificum frangebat pocula miles,, 
Ut phaleris gauderet equus,, coelataque cassis 
Romuleae simulacra ferse mansuescere jusses 
Imperii fato,, et geminos sub rupe Guirinos,, 105 

Ac nudam effigiem clypeo fulgentis et hasta, 
Pendentisque del, perituro ostenderet hosti. 

Some one of your relations, having enjoyed the title of Consul thrice, and 

the command of the camps, and the honour of Dictator, 

went sooner than usual to these entertainments, 

bringing back his shouldered spade from a levelled mountain. 

Bat, when they trembled at the Fabii, and stern Cato, 90 

and the Scauri, and Fabricii, and even his colleague 

dreaded the severe morals of the rigid Censor ; 

nobody thought it was to be reckoned among his cares and serious concerns, 

what species of tortoise swam in the wave of the ocean, 

to make a splendid and noble couch for the Troy-born people : 95 

but, with a plain side and small beds, the brazen front 

exhibited the humble head of a vine-crowned ass, 

at which the wanton boys of the country made a jest. 

Their meals too were such as their houses and furniture. 

Then the soldier, rude and too ignorant to admire the Grecian arts, 
on cities being subdued, among the discovered portion of the spoils 101 
would break the cups of great artificers, 

that his horse might exult in his trappings, and that, on his embossed shield, 
the figures of the Romulean wolf, ordered to become tame 
by the destiny of the empire, and the twin Quirini under the rock, 105 
and the naked effigy of the god glittering with shield and spear, 
and hovering aloft, he might exhibit to his devoted foe. 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XL 133 

Argenti quod erat solis fulgebat in armis. 

Ponebant igitur Thusco farrata catino 

Omnia tunc, quibus invideas si lividulus sis. 110 

Templorum quoque majestas preesentior^ et vox 

Nocte fere media, mediamque audita per urbem^ 

Littore ab ocean! Gallis venientibus,, et dis 

Officium vatis peragentibus,, his monuit nos. 

Hanc rebus Latiis curam prsestare solebat 115 

Fictilisj et nullo violatus Jupiter auro. 

Ilia domi natas^ nostraque ex arbore mensas 
Tempora viderunt ; hos lignum stabat in usus^ 
Annosam si forte nucem dejecerat Eurus. 
At nunc divitibiis ccenandi nulla voluptas ; 120 

Nil rhombus,, nil dama sapit : putere videntur 
Unguenta atque rosse^ latos nisi sustinet orbes 
Grande ebur^ et magno sublimis pardus hiatu^ 
Dentibus ex illis quos mittit porta Syenes,, 
Et Mauri celeres,, et Mauro obscurior Indus_, 125 

Et quos deposuit Nabathseo bellua saltu^ 
Jam nimios capitique graves : hinc surgit orexis^ 
Hinc stomaclio vires : nam pes argenteus illis 
Annulus in digito quod ferreus. Ergo superbum 

What there was of silver shone in arms alone. 

Thus they then put all their simple food in a Tuscan platter, 

which you would envy if you were the least splenetic. 110 

The majesty of our temples likewise was more favourable, and a voice, 

heard almost at midnight, and through the middle of the city, 

as the Gauls were coming from the shore of the ocean (the gods 

performing the office of a prophet) , forewarned us of these invaders'. 

Jupiter was accustomed to show this regard for Latian affairs, 115 

when represented in clay, and profaned with no gold. 

Those times saw our tables made at home, and of our own timber ; 
the wood was applied to these uses, 

if by chance the east-wind had overthrown an old walnut-tree. 
But now to the rich there is no pleasure in supping ; 120 

the turbot relishes nothing, the doe nothing : in bad odour seem 
the ointments and roses, unless heavy ivory supports the broad tables, 
and a lofty panther with a large jaw, 
from those teeth which the port of Syene sends, 

and the swift Moors, and the Indian darker than the Moor, 125 

and which a beast hath shed in the Nabathsean forest, 
already too large and heavy for its head : hence an appetite arises, 
hence strength to the stomach : for a mere silver foot to them 
is what an iron ring is on the finger. Therefore a proud 



134 JUVENALIS SATIRA XI. 

Convivam caveo, qui me sibi comparat^ et res 130 

Despicit exiguas. Adeo nulla uncia nobis 

Est eboriSj nee tessellse^ nee calculus ex hac 

Materia ; quin ipsa manubria cultellorum 

Ossea ; non tamen his ulla unquam opsonia fiunt 

Rancidula; aut ideo pejor gallina secatur. 135 

Sed nee structor erit cui cedere debeat omnis 
Pergula, discipulus Trypheri doctoris^ apud quern 
Sumine cum magno lepus,, atque aper, atque pygargus^ 
Et Scythicse volucres^ et Phoenicopterus ingens^ 
Et G6etulus oryXj hebeti lautissima ferro 140 

Ceeditur^ et tota sonat irimea coena SuburrS.. 
Nee frustum capreae subducere nee latus Afree 
Novit avis noster tyrunculus,, ac rudis omni 
Tempore^ et exiguse frustis imbutus ofellae. 
Plebeios calices^ et paucis assibus emptos^ 145 

Porriget incultus puer, atque a frigore tutus ; 
Non Phryx aut Lycius^ non a mangone petitus 
Quisquam erit, et magno : cum poscis^ posce Latine. 
Idem habitus cunctis ; tonsi rectique capilli^ 
Atque hodie tan turn propter convivia pexi. 150 

Pastoris duri est hie films, ille bubulci ; 

guest I avoid, who compares me to himself, and 130 

despises my less costly articles. Besides with me there is not an ounce 

of ivory, nor chequers, nor chess-man of this 

material ; but the very handles of my knives 

are of bone ; yet from these no food ever becomes 

rancid ; or on this account is a fowl the worse carved. 135 

But neither shall there be a carver, to whom every school ought 
to yield, a disciple of professor Trypherus, at whose house the figures of 
a hare, with the large udder of a sow, and a boar, and a deer, 
and Scythian birds, and a huge red-wing, 

and Gsetulian goat, are most elegantly carved with a blunt knife, 140 
and the elm -wood supper clatters through all the Suburra. 
Neither how to carve a slice of a deer, nor the wing of an African bird, 
does my young novice know, being awkward at all 
times, and accustomed to pieces of a small steak. 

Common glasses, and purchased for a few pence, 145 

shall a servant tender you, in homely dress, and defended from cold : 
he shall not be a Phrygian or Lycian, nor any one bought of a slave-dealer, 
and at a high price . when you require any thing, ask in Latin. 
The same dress is to all my attendants ; their hair cropped and straight, 
and combed to-day only on account of our feast. 150 

One is the son of a hardy shepherd, the other of a herdsman ; 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XI. 135 

Suspirat longo non visam tempore matrem^ 

Et casulam,, et notos tristis desiderat hoedos ; 

Ingenui vultus puer,, ingenuique pudoris^ 

Quales esse decet quos ardens purpura vestit. 155 

Nee pugillares defert in balnea raucus 

TesticuloSj nee vellendas jam preebuit alas : 

Crassa nee opposito pavidus tegit inguina gutto. 

Hie tibi vina dablt diffusa in montibus illis_, 

A quibus ipse venlt, quorum sub vertice lusit : 160 

Namque una atque eadem est vim patria^ atque ministri, 

Forsitan expectes_, ut Gaditana canoro 
Incipiat prurire choro^ plausuque probatse 
Ad terram tremulo descendant clune puellee : 
Spectent hoc nuptiJa, juxta recubante marito^ 165 

Quod pudeat narrasse aliquem preesentibus ipsis ; 
Irritamentum Veneris languentis^ et acres 
Divitis urticse. Major tamen ista voluptas 
Alterius sexiis : magis ilia incenditur^ et mox 
Auribus atque oculis concepta urina movetur. 1 70 

Non capit has nugas humilis domus : audiat ille 
Testarum crepitus cum verbis^ nudum olido stans 
Fornice mancipium quibus abstinet : ille fruatur 

he sighs after his mother not seen for a long time, 

and sorrowful longs for his little hut and well-known kids ; 

a boy of an ingenuous countenance and ingenuous modesty, 

such as becomes those to be whom the brilliant purple clothes. 155 

Nor hoarse does he carry his impurities into the baths, 

nor as yet has he offered his arm-pits to be trimmed; 

nor ashamed has he to conceal his parts with a distillatory before him. 

He shall give you wines pressed on those mountains 

from which he himself came, under whose brow he has played : 160 

for the native country of the wine and the servant is one and the same. 

You may perhaps expect that a Spanish courtezan 
will begin to tickle you with her musical choir, and the girls, encouraged 
by applause, fall on the ground with a tremulous buttock : 
let married women behold this, while the husband reclines near, 165 
which it may ashame any one to narrate as being present themselves ; 
a provocative of languishing lechery, and the sharp 
incentives of the rich. Yet greater is the pleasure 
of the other sex : she is more inflamed, and in time 
the passion conceived by the eyes and ears is excited. 170 

A humble household does not admit these follies : let him hear 
the noise of castanets, with the words from which a naked slave, 
standing in a stinking brothel, abstains : let him indulge 



136 JUVENALIS SATIRA XL 

Vocibus obscoenis, omnique libidinis arte,, 
Qui Lacedsemonium pytismate lubricat orbem; 175 

Namque ibi fortunse veniam damns. Alea turpis 5 
Turpe et adulterium mediocribus : heec tamen illi 
Omnia cum faciant, hilares nitidique vocantnr. 

Nostra dabnnt alios hodie convivia lndos : 
Conditor Iliados cantabitur^ atque Maronis 180 

Altisoni dubiam facientia carmina palmam. 
Quid refert tales versus qua voce legantur ? 

Sed nunc dilatis averte negotia curis,, 
Et gratam requiem dona tibi ; quando licebit 
Per totam cessare diem : non foenoris ulla 185 

Mentio ; nee,, prima si luce egressa reverti 
Nocte solet, tacito bilem tibi contrahat uxor^ 
Humida suspectis referens multitia rugis, 
Vexatasque comas,, et vultum auremque calentem. 
Protinus ante meum quicquid doletexue limen : 190 
Pone domum et servos,, et quicquid frangitur iliis, 
Aut perit : ingratos ante omnia pone sodales. 

Interea Megalesiaciie spectacula mappes 
Ideeum solenne colunt, similisque triumpho 
Perda caballorum Preetor sedet : ac,, mini pace 195 

in obscene songs and every art of lust, 

who lubricates the Lacedaemonian table with his vomit : 175 

for there we give licence to fortune. Dice is scandalous, 

and adultery abominable, among the middling classes : yet, when they 

commit all these things, they are called jovial and polite. 

Our entertainments to-day will supply other amusements : 
the author of the Iliad shall be sung, and 1 80 

the verses of the high-sounding Maro, that render the palm dubious. 
What matters it with what tone such verses be read ? 

But now, your cares being banished, turn from business, 
and grant yourself an agreeable respite ; since you will be 
at leisure through the whole day : of money-making let there be no 185 
mention ; nor let your wife, if going out with the first dawn 
she is wont to return at night, occasion jealousy to you who are silent, 
though bringing back her wet thin robes with suspicious rumples, 
and disturbed locks, and her ear and countenance glowing. 
Forthwith dispel before my threshold whatever grieves you : 1 90 

forget your house and servants, and whatever is broken by them, 
or is lost : above all things put away ungrateful companions. 

In the mean time the shows of the Megalesian napkin 
celebrate the Idaean solemnity, and as in triumph 
that destroyer of horses, the Praetor, is seated: and (if with leave 195 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XI. 137 

Immensae nimieeque licet si dicere plebis^ 
Totam hodie Romam Circus capit ; et fragor aurem 
Percutit^ eventum viridis quo colligo panni : 
Nam si deficeret, moestam attonitamque videres 
Hanc urbem^ veluti Cannarum in pulvere victis 200 
Consulibus. Spectent juvenes^ quos clamor et audax 
Sponsion quos cultai decet assedisse puellae : 
Nostra bibat vernum contracta cuticula solem^ 
Effugiatque togam. Jam nunc in balnea salva 
Fronte licet vadas^ quanquam solida hora supersit 205 
Ad sextam. Facere hoc non possis quinque diebus 
Continuis ; quia sunt talis quoque teedia vitee 
Magna. Voluptates commendat rarior usus. 

of so immense and excessive a crowd I might say so) 

the Circus holds all Rome to-day ; and the shout 

strikes my ear, by which I infer the success of the green livery : 

for if it had lost, sad and aghast would you have seen 

this city, as when the Consuls were vanquished in the dust of Cannae. 200 

Let young men behold these things, whom clamour and a daring 

wager, whom to be seated beside a handsome girl, becomes : 

let our wrinkled skin imbibe the vernal sun, 

and shun the gown. Now at this time you may go into the bath 

with a good grace, although a whole hour remains 205 

to the sixth. You cannot do this for five days 

successively ; because the weariness of such a life is also 

great. A rarer use sweetens our pleasures. 



SATIRA XII. 

AD CORVINUM, OB CATULLUM E NAUFRAGIO 
SERVATUM, AC IN ELEREDIPETAS. 



Natali, Corvine^ die mihi dulcior hsec lux> 
Qua festus promissa dels animalia cespes 
Expectat. Niveam Reginae csedimus agnam : 
Par vellus dabitur pugnanti Gorgone Maura. 
Sed procul extensum petulans quatit hostia funeni, 
Tarpeio servata Jovi, frontemque coruscat : 
Quippe ferox vitulus^ templis maturus et aree^ 
Spargendusque mero^ quern jam pudet ubera matris 
Ducere^ qui vexat nascenti robora cornu. 

Si res ampla domi, similisque affectibus esset^ 
Pinguior Hispulla traheretur taurus^ et ipsa 
Mole piger^ nee finitima nutritus in herba ; 
Lseta sed ostendens Clitumni pascua sanguis 
Iretj et a grand! cervix ferienda ministro^ 
Ob reditum trepidantis adhuc^ horrendaque p ssi 
Nuper^ et incolumem sese mirantis amici. 

Nam preeter pelagi casus, et fulguris ictum 
Evasi, densse coelum abscondere tenebrse 



10 



15 



More grateful to me than my natal day, Corvinus, is this hour, 

in which the festal turf awaits the animals devoted to the gods. 

We sacrifice a snow-white lamb to the Queen of heaven : 

u like fleece shall be given to her fighting with the Moorish Gorgon. 

But a perverse victim shakes his far-extended rope, 5 

which is reserved for Tarpeian Jove, and brandishes his forehead : 

for he is a fierce calf, mature for the temples and altar, 

and about to be sprinkled with wine, which is now ashamed to suck 

the teats of his mother, which butts the oaks with his growing horn. 

If I had an ample fortune at home, and equal to my inclinations, 10 
a bull should be drawn forth fatter than Hispulla, and 
slow with his own size, nor pastured on the neighbouring grass ; 
but his blood, showing the joyful pastures of Clitumnus, 
should flow, and his neck be struck by a mighty priest, 
on account of the return of my still trembling friend, having suffered 15 
dreadful things of late, and wondering that he is safe. 

For besides the dangers of the deep, and the stroke of lightning 
escaped, thick darkness concealed the sky 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XII. 139 

Nube una, subitusque antennas impulit ignis ; 

Cum se quisque illo percussum crederet, et mox 20 

Attonitus nullum conferri posse putaret 

Naufragium velis ardentibus. Omnia fiunt 

Talia, tarn graviter, si quando poetica surgit 

Tempestas. Genus ecce aliud discriminis : audi, 

Et miserere iterum, quanquam sint csetera sortis 25 

Ejusdem : pars dira quidem, sed cognita multis, 

Et quam votiva testantur fana tabella 

Plurima. Pictores quis nescit ab Iside pasci ? 

Accidit et nostro similis fortuna Catullo, 

Cum plenus fluctu medius foret alveus, et jam, 30 

Alternum puppis latus evertentibus undis 

Arboris incertie, nullam prudentia cani 

Rectoris conferret opem ; decidere jactu 

Coepit cum ventis, imitatus castora, qui se 

Eunuchumipse facit, cupiens evadere damno 35 

Testiculorum : adeo medicatum intelligit inguen. 

Fundite quae mea sunt, dicebat, cuncta, Catullus ; 
Praecipitare volens etiam pulcherrima, vestem 
Purpuream, teneris quoque Msecenatibus aptam, 
Atque alias, quarum generosi graminis ipsum 40 

in one cloud, and a sudden fire caught the sail-yards ; 

when every one believed himself struck by it, and presently 20 

each being aghast thought that no shipwreck could be compared 

with the burning sails. All things become 

such, and so grievous, as when in poesy ariseth 

a tempest. Behold another kind of danger : hear, 

and again pity, although the rest are of the same kind : 25 

a part dreadful indeed, but known to many, 

and which many fanes testify with a votive tablet. 

Who knows not that painters are maintained by Isis ? 

A similar fate happened likewise to our Catullus, 

when the middle hold was filled with the flood, and already, 30 

from the waves rolling over each side of a' ship 

of uncertain timber, the skill of the grey- haired pilot 

could afford no aid ; he began, by casting overboard, to compromise 

with the winds, imitating the beaver, who 

makes himself an eunuch, from anxiety to escape with the loss 35 

of his testicles : so well he understands that this part is medicinal. 

1 Throw overboard all that are mine,' Catullus exclaimed, 
willing to cast away even the most beautiful things, a vest 
of purple die, fit even for the delicate Maecenases, 
and others, whose very sheep the nature of the rich herbage 40 



140 JUVENALIS SATIRA XII. 

Infecit natura pecus, sed et egregius fons 

Viribus occultis, et Beeticus adjuvat aer. 

Ille nee argentuni dubitabat mittere, lances 

Parthenio factas, urnae cratera capacem, 

Et dignum sitiente Pholo, vel conjuge Fusci. 45 

Adde et bascaudas, et mille escaria, multum 

Ceelati, biberat quo callidus emptor Olynthi. 

Sed quis nunc alius, qua mundi parte, quis audet 

Argento praeferre caput, rebusque salutem ? 

Non propter vitam faciunt patrimonia quidam, 50 

Sed vitio ceeci propter patrimonia vivunt. 

Jactatur rerum utilium pars maxima ; sed nee 
Damna levant. Tunc, adversis urgentibus, illuc 
Recidit, ut malum ferro submitteret, ac se 
Explicat angustum ; discriminis ultima quando 55 

Preesidia afferimus navem factura minorem. 

I nunc, et ventis animam committe, dolato 
Confisus ligno, digitis a morte remotus 
Quatuor, aut septem, si sit latissima teeda. 
Mox cum reticulis, et pane, et ventre lagense, 60 

Aspice sumendas in tempestate secures. 

Sed postquam jacuit planum mare, tempora postquam 

hath tinged, but also the noble fountain 

with its occult powers, and Bsetic air, improves them. 

Nor did he hesitate to throw over his silver-plate, dishes 

made by Parthenius, a vessel holding an urn full, 

and worthy of Pholus when thirsty, or the wife of Fuscus. 45 

Add baskets also, and a thousand vessels, a quantity 

of embossed work, out of which the artful buyer of Olynthus had drunk. 

But what other is there now, in any part of the world, who dares 

to prefer his head to his money, and his safety to his possessions ? 

Some raise fortunes not for life, 50 

but blind with vice live for fortunes. 

The greatest portion of useful articles is thrown overboard ; but neither 
do the losses alleviate it. Then, distresses urging, 
it came to this, that he should submit the mast to the axe, and 
thus straitened disencumber himself: they are extremities of danger, 55 
when we bring these aids to make the ship lighter. 

Go now, and commit life to the winds, 
confiding in a hewn plank, four fingers removed from death, 
or seven, if the pine be very thick. 

Hereafter, with your baskets and bread, and round-bellied flagon, 
look to the axes to be used in a storm. 61 

But when the sea lay smooth, when the weather became 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XII. 141 

Prospera, vectoris fatumque valentius Euro, 

Et pelago ; postquam Parcse meliora benigna 

Pensa manu ducunt hilares, et staminis albi 65 

Lanificse ; modica nee multo fortior aura 

Ventus adest ; inopi miserabilis arte cucurrit 

Vestibus extensis, et, quod superaverat unum, 

Velo, prora^ suo : jam deficientibus Austris, 

Spes vitee cum sole redit : turn gratus Iiilo, 70 

Atque novercal! sedes prselata Lavino 

Conspicitur sublimis apex, cui Candida nomen 

Scrofa dedit, leetis Phrygibus mirabile sumen, 

Et nunquam visis triginta clara mamillis. 

Tandem intrat positas inclusa per eequora moles, 75 

Tyrrhenamque Pharon, porrectaque brachia rursum, 

Quae pelago occurrunt medio, longeque relinquunt 

Italiam. Non sic igitur mirabere portus 

Quos natura dedit; sed trunca puppe magister 

Interiora petit Baianse pervia cymbse 80 

Tuti stagna sinus. Gaudent ibi vertice raso 

Garrula securi narrare pericula nautee. 

Ite igitur pueri, Unguis animisque faventes, 
Sertaque delubris et farra imponite cultris, 

favourable, and the passenger's fate prevails over the east- wind 

and the deep ; when the cheerful Fates draw out better tasks 

with a benignant hand, and become the spinsters of a white 65 

thread ; nor much stronger than a moderate breeze 

is the wind ; the miserable prow made a poor shift 

with clothes spread out, and, which alone remained, 

its own little sail ; now, on the south-winds abating, 

hope of life returns with the sun : then the lofty peak, grateful to lulus, 

and a seat preferred to his step-mother's Lavinum, 71 

is descried, to which a white sow has given the name, 

having an udder admired by the rejoicing Phrygians, 

and famous for her thirty teats never seen before. 

At length the vessel enters the piers built through the inclosed waters, 75 

and the Tyrrhene light-house, and the stretched-out arms, 

which meet in the mid sea, and far behind leave 

Italy. Thus you will not so much admire the harbours 

which nature has supplied ; but the master, with his shattered vessel, 

seeks the interior pools of the safe bay, passable to a Baian boat. 80 

There the mariners safe, with shaved head, rejoice 

to narrate their boasted dangers. 

Go then, my boys, assisting with your tongues and minds, 
and place garlands on the temples, and meal on the knives, 



J 42 JUVENALIS SATIRA XII. 

Ac molles ornate focos,, glebamque virentem. 85 

Jam sequar^ et sacro^ quod praestat, rite peracto^ 
Inde domum repetam,, graciles ubi parva coronas 
Accipient fragili simulacra nitentia cera. 
Hie nostrum placabo Jovem,, laribusque paternis 
Thura dabo, atque omnes violas jactabo colores. 90 

Cuncta nitent; longos erexit janua ramos, 
Et matutinis operatur festa lucernis. 

Nee suspecta tibi sint haea, Corvine : Catullus, 
Pro cujus reditu tot pono altaria, parvos 
Tres habet heeredes. Libet expectare, quis aegram 95 
Et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico 
Tarn sterili. Veriim haec nimia est impensa: coturnix 
Nulla unquam pro patre cadet. Sentire calorem 
Si coepit locuples Gallita et Paccius^ orbi, 
Legitime fixis vestitur tota tabellis 100 

Porticus. Existunt qui promittant hecatomben: 
Quatenus hie non sunt nee venales elephanti; 
Nee Latioj aut usquam sub nostro sidere talis 
Bellua concipitur : sed furva gente petita, 
Arboribus Rutulis,, et Tumi pascitur agro 105 

Caesaris armentum, nulli servire paratum 

and adorn the soft hearths, and the green sod. 85 

Nowl will follow, and the sacrifice, which is requisite, being duly performed, 

I will thence return home, where their slender chaplets my little 

images shall receive, glittering with fragile wax. 

Here I will appease our Jove, and to the paternal household gods 

I will offer frankincense, and display all the colours of the violet. 90 

All things look gay ; my gate has spread out long branches, 

and celebrates the festivals with morning lights. 

Nor, Corvinus, let these affairs be suspected by you : Catullus, 
for whose return I raise so many altars, 

has three little heirs. I should be happy to wait and see who 95 

would bestow a hen, sick and shutting her eyes, on a friend 
so barren of legacies. This is truly too much expense : 
no quail shall ever fall for a father. 

If wealthy Gallita and Paccius, childless both, begin to feel a fever, 
the whole portico is solemnly covered with fixed votive tablets. 100 

There are those who might promise a hecatomb : 
seeing that there are no elephants here, nor any to be sold ; 
neither in Latium, or any where under our heaven, is such 
a beast bred : but fetched from a swarthy nation, 

it is fed in Rutulian woods, and in the land of Turnus, 105 

as the herd of Caesar, procured to serve no 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XII. 143 

Privato : siquidem Tyrio parere solebant 

Hannibalij et nostris ducibus^ regique Molosso^ 

Horum majores,, ac dorso ferre cohortes 

Partem aliquam belli,, et euntem in proelia turrim. 110 

Nulla igitur mora per Novium^ mora nulla per I strum 

Pacuviunij quin illud ebur ducatur ad aras, 

Et cadat ante Lares Gallitee victima sacra^ 

Tantis digna Deis et captatoribus horum. 

Alter enim, si concedas mactare^ vovebit 115 

De grege servorum magna aut pulcherrima quaeque 

Corpora ; vel pueris^ et frontibus ancillarum 

Imponet vittas ; et, si qua est nubilis illi 

Iphigenia domi, dabit hanc altaribus, etsi 

Non speret tragic^ furtiva piacula cervse. J 20 

Laudo meum civem, nee comparo testamento 
Mille rates : nam si Libitinam evaserit eeger, 
Delebit tabulas inclusus carcere nassee,, 
Post meritum sane mirandum ; atque omnia soli 
Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit. Ille superbus 125 

Incedet victis rivalibus. Ergo vides quam 
Grande operee pretium faciat jugulata Mycenis. 

Vivat Pacuvius^ queeso^ vel Nestora totum : 

private person : since their ancestors were accustomed to obey 
the Tyrian Hannibal, and our generals, and the Molossian king, 
and to carry cohorts upon their back, 

as some part of the war, and a tower entering into battle. 110 

Therefore there is no omission through Novius, none through Ister 
Pacuvius, that that ivory animal is not led to the altars, 
and falls a sacred victim before the household gods of Gallita, 
worthy of such mighty deities and their flatterers. 

For the other, if you permit him to sacrifice, will devote 115 

all the large and most beautiful bodies of his herd of slaves ; 
or upon his boys, and the foreheads of his servant-maids, 
he will place the sacred fillets ; and, if he has any marriageable 
Iphigenia at home, he will resign her to the altars, although 
he cannot hope for the secret expiations of the tragic hind. 120 

I commend my countryman, nor to a last will do I compare 
a thousand ships : for if the sick man should escape Libitina, 
enclosed in the prison of a net, he will cancel former bequests, 
after a merit so truly surprising ; and 

perhaps summarily give all to Pacuvius alone. He triumphant 125 

will strut over his vanquished rivals. Therefore you see how 
great a reward for service she who was sacrificed at Mycenae may obtain. 
May Pacuvius live, I pray, even the whole age of Nestor : 



144 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIL 

Possideat quantum rapuit Nero : montibus aurum 
Exeequet ; nee amet quenquam^ nee ametur ab ullo. 130 

may he possess as much as Nero plundered ; may he equal his gold 

to mountains ; neither let him love any one, nor be loved by any. 1 30 



SATIRA XIII. 

AD CALVINUM, DE FIDEI VIOLATE CRIMINE. 



Exemplo quodcunque malo committitur, ipsi 
Displicet auctori. Prima est heec ultio^ quod se 
Judice nemo nocens absolvitor ; improba quamvis 
Gratia fallacis Preetoris vicerit urnam. 

Quid sentire putas oranes, Calvine^ recenti 5 

De scelere^ et fidei violate crimine ? Sed nee 
Tarn tenuis census tibi contigit, ut mediocris 
' Jacturee te mergat onus ; nee rara videmus 
Quae patens ; casus multis hie cognitus^ ac jam 
Tritus^ et e medio Fortunee ductus acervo. 10 

Ponamus nimios gemitus. Flagrantior cequo 
Non debet dolor esse viri, nee vulnere major. 
Tu quamvis levium minim am exiguamque malorum 
Particulam vix ferre potes^ spumantibus ardens 
Visceribus^ sacrum tibi quod non reddat amicus 15 

Depositum. Stupet hree, qui jam post terga reliquit 
Sexaginta annos^ Fonteio Consule natus ? 
An nihil in melius tot rerum proficis xisu ? 

Magna quidem^ sacris quae dat prsecepta libellis, 

Whatever is committed with an evil example, 

displeases the author himself. This is the first revenge, that 

no guilty person is acquitted if he himself be judge ; although the wicked 

favour of the corrupt Praetor should have gained the urn. 

What do you think, Calvinus, that all men feel concerning the recent 
wickedness, and the crime of violated faith ? But neither 
has so small an estate fallen to you, that the weight of a moderate 
loss should sink you ; nor do we see any thing unusual 
that you suffer ; this evil is known to many, and now 
common, and drawn from the middle heap of Fortune. 10 

Let us dispense with excessive plaints. More intense than proper 
ought not the grief of a man to be, nor greater than the ivound. 
You scarcely can endure a very trifling and small 
particle of evils however light, burning with fretting 
Dowels, because your friend does not restore to you the sacred 15 

deposit. Is he astonished at these things who has already left 
sixty years behind his back, being born when Fonteius was Consul ? 
Do you profit nothing for the better by the experience of so many things ? 

Great indeed is Wisdom, the conqueror of Fortune, who gives 

H 



146 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 

Victrix Fortunse Sapientia. Dicimus autem 20 

Hos quoque felices^ qui ferre incommoda vitee^ 
Nee jactare jugunx, vita didicere magistra. 

Quee tarn festa dies^ ut cesset prodere furem, 
Perfidiam,, fraudes^ atque omni ex crimine lucrum 
Queesitunx, et partos gladio vel pyxide nummos ? 25 
Rari quippe boni : numero vix sunt totidem quot 
Thebarum portal vel divitis ostia Nili. 
Nunc eetas agitur, pejoraque seecula ferri 
Temporibus : quorum sceleri non invenit ipsa 
Nomen^ et a nullo posuit natura metallo. 30 

Nos hominum Divumque fidem clamore ciemus^ 
Quanto Fsesidium laudat vocalis agentem 
Sportula. Die senior^ bulla dignissime,, nescis 
Quas habeat Veneres aliena pecunia ? nescis 
Quern tua simplicitas risum vulgo moveat, cum 35 

Exigis a quoquam ne pejeret^ et putet ullis 
Esse aliquod numen templis araque rubenti ? 

Quondam hoc indigense vivebant more^ priusquam 
Sumeret agrestem posito diademate falcem 
Saturnus fugiens : tunc cum virguncula Juno, 40 - 

Et privatus adhuc Idseis Jupiter antris. 

precepts in her sacred books. But we pronounce 20 

those happy likewise, who have learnt to bear the inconveniences 

of life, without throwing off the yoke, — life itself being their instructor. 

"What day is so sacred, that it can cease to discover a felon, 
perfidy, frauds, and gain sought out of every crime, 

and money obtained by the sword or poison ? 25 

For the good are rare: scarcely are they as many in number 
as the gates of Thebes, or the mouths of the fertile Nile. 
Now an age is passing, and periods worse than the iron 
times ; for the wickedness of which Nature herself has not found 
a name, and has affixed one from no metal. 30 

We invoke the faith of men and gods with a vociferation 
as loud as the noisy dole -basket applauds Fsesidius when pleading. 
Tell me, old man, so worthy of the child's insignia, do you not know 
what charms another's money possesses ? do you not know 
what derision your simplicity must occasion to the vulgar, when 35 

you require of any man that he do not forswear, and think 
that there is any divinity in the temples and the red altar ? 

Formerly our natives lived in this manner, before 
Saturn, flying, having laid down his diadem, took up 
the rustic sickle : at the time when Juno ivas a little virgin, 40 

and Jupiter as yet concealed in the Idsean caves. 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 147 

Nulla super nubes convivia coelicolarum^ 
Nee puer Iliacus, formosa nee Herculis uxor 
Ad cyathos ; et jam siccato nectare tergens 
Brachia Vulcanus Liparaea nigra taberna. 45 

Prandebat sibi quisque deus ; nee turba deorum 
Talis ut est hodie ; contentaque sidera paucis 
Numinibus miserum urgebant Atlanta minori 
Pondere. Nondum aliquis sortitus triste profundi 
Imperium^ aut Sicula torvus cum conjuge Pluto. 50 
Nee rota^ nee furise^ nee saxum^ aut vulturis atri 
Poena ; sed infernis hilares sine regibus umbrae. 

Improbitas illo fuit admirabilis eevo. 
Credebant hoc grande nefas^ et morte piandum^ 
Si juvenis vetulo non assurrexerat ; et si 55 

Barbato cuicunque puer ; licet ipse videret 
Plura domi fraga^ et majores glandis acervos. 
Tarn venerabile erat prsecedere quatuor annis, 
Primaque par adeo sacrae lanugo senectse. 
Nunc^ si depositum non inficietur amicus, 60 

Si reddat veterem cum tota aerugine follem, 
Prodigiosa fides, et Thuscis digna libellis, 
Quaeque coronata lustrari debeat agna. 

There were no banquets of the gods above the clouds, 

nor a Trojan youth, nor the beautiful wife of Hercules (Hebe) 

at the cups ; or, as the nectar was drained, Vulcan wiping 

his arms black with his Liparaean shop. 45 

Every god dined by himself : nor was the multitude of gods 

such as i,t is at this day ; and the stars, contented with few 

deities, pressed miserable Atlas with a less 

weight. Not as yet was any one allotted the dismal empire of the deep, 

or was there grim Pluto with his Sicilian spouse. 50 

Nor was there a wheel, nor furies, nor stone, or punishment of the blac 

vulture ; but the ghosts icere cheerful without infernal kings. 

Villany was a cause of wonder in that age. 
They believed it a monstrous wickedness, and to be expiated by death, 
if a youth did not rise to an elderly man ; and if 55 

a boy did not to any one with a beard ; though he himself could behold 
more strawberries at home, and larger heaps of acorns. 
So venerable was it to have precedence by four years, 
and the first down was in a degree equal to sacred old age. 
Now, if a friend do not deny his deposit, 60 

if he restore the old leathern purse with the whole rusty coin . 
it is wonderful honesty, and worthy the Tuscan records, 
and which ought to be expiated by a garlarded lamb. 

H 2 



148 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 

Egregium sanctumque virum si cerno^ bimembri 

Hoc monstrum puero^ vel mirandis sub aratro 65 

Piscibus inventis, et foetse comparo mulee ; 

Sollicitus tanquam lapides effuderit imber^ 

Examenque apium longa consederit uva 

Culmine delubri, tanquam in mare fluxerit amnis 

Gurgitibus miris^ et lactis vortice torrens. 70 

Intercepta decern quereris sestertia fraude 
Sacrilega ? quid si bis centum perdidit alter 
Hoc arcana modo ? majorem tertius ilia 
Summam, quam patulse vix ceperat angulus arcse ? 
Tarn facile et pronum est super os contemner e testes, 7 '5 
Si mor talis idem nemo sciat. A spice quanta 
Voce neget ; quae sit ficti constantia vultus. 
Per solis radios^ Tarpeiaque fulmina jurat, 
Et Martis frameam, et Cirrhsei spicula vatis ; 
Per calamos venatricis^ pharetramque pueHse ; 80 

Perque tuum, pater ^Eg6ei Neptune, tridentem : 
Addit et Herculeos arcus, hastamque Minervee,, 
Quicquid habent telorum armamentaria coeli. 
Si verb et pater est, Comedam, inquit, flebile gnati 
Sinciput elixi, Pharioque madentis aceto. 85 

If I see an illustrious and holy man, I compare 

this prodigy to a boy with double members, or to miraculous 65 

fishes found under the plough, and to a pregnant mule ; 

amazed as if a shower had poured forth stones, 

and a swarm of bees settled in a long cluster 

on the top of a temple, as if a river had flowed into the sea 

with wonderful whirlpools, and foaming with a vortex of milk. ?0 

Do you complain that ten sesterces are intercepted 
by sacrilegious fraud ? what if another hath lost two hundred 
secretly entrusted in this manner ? a third a sum greater than that, 
which the corner of a wide chest could scarcely hold? 
It is so easy and ready to despise the yods above as icitnesses, 7 5 

if no mortal know the same. Observe with what a voice 
he denies it ; what a boldness there is of his hypocritical countenance. 
He swears by the rays of the sun, and the Tarpeian thunderbolts, 
and the javelin of Mars, and the darts of the Cirrhsean prophet ; 
by the arrows of the huntress, and the quiver of the virgin ; 80 

and by thy trident, O Neptune, father of JEgseus : 
he adds also the bows of Hercules, and the spear of Minerva, 
and whatever weapons the armouries of heaven contain. 
But if he is also a father, he says, ' May I eat the lamented 
head of my boiled son, and moistened with Pharian vinegar.* 85 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 149 

Sunt in Fortunse qui casibus omnia ponunt, 
Et nullo creduut mundum rectore moveri^ 
Natura volvente vices et lucis et anni ; 
Atque ideo intrepid! qusecunque altaria tangunt. 

Est alius^ metuens ne crimen poena sequatur : 90 
Hie putat esse deos^ et pejerat, atque ita secum ; 
Decernat quodcunque volet de corpore nostro 
Isisj et irato feriat mea lumina sistro^ 
Dummodo vel crecus teneam^ quos abnego^ nummos. 
Et phtliisis_, et vomicae putres,, et dimidium crus 95 
Sunt tanti ? Pauper locupletem optare podagram 
Ne dubitet Ladas^ si non eget Anticyra, nee 
Archigene : quid enim velocis gloria plantee 
Preestat^ et esuriens Pisaess ramus olivse ? 
Ut sit magna, tamen certe lent a ira deorum est. 100 

Si curant igitur cunctos punire nocentes, 
Ghiando ad me venient ? Sed et exorabile numen 
Fortasse experiar : solet his ignoscere. Multi 
Committunt eadem di verso crimina fato. 
Ille crucem pretium sceleris tulit^ hie diadema. 105 

Sic animum dine trepidum formidine culpse 
Confirmant. Tunc te sacra ad delubra vocantem 



There are those who place all things in the chances of Fortune, 
and believe the world to be moved by no governor, 
nature revolving the changes both of the day and the year ; 
and therefore they recklessly touch any altars. 

There is another in dread lest punishment should follow his crime : 90 
he thinks there are gods, and forswears, and thus reasons with himself ; 
* Let Isis decree whatever she pleases concerning my body, 
and strike out my eyes with her irritated sistrum, 
provided that though blind I still keep the money which I deny. 
And are consumption, and putrid sores, and a half leg 95 

of such consequence ? To wish for a richman's gout 
let not poor Ladas hesitate, if he need not Anticyra, nor 
Archigenes : for what does the glory of a swift foot 
avail, and a foodless branch of Pissean olive ? 

though the wrath of the gods be great, yet it is certainly slow, 100 

Therefore if they resolve to punish all the guilty, 
when will they come to me ? But the divinity too 

I may perhaps find exorable : he is wont to forgive these things. Many 
commit the same crimes with a different fate. That man 
has borne the cross as the reward of his wickedness, this a diadem.' 105 

Thus they harden the mind trembling with the fear of an atrocious crime. 
Then he goes before you as you call him to the sacred altars, 



150 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 

Praecedit, trahere imo ultro,, ac vexare paratus. 
Nam cum magna malse superest audacia causae 
Creditur a multis fiducia : mimum agit ille^ 110 

Urbani qualem fugitivus scurra Catulli. 
Tu miser exclamas,, ut Stentora vincere possis,, 
Vel potius quantum Gradivus Homericus : Audis^ 
Jupiter, haec ? nee labra moves^ cum mittere vocem 
Debueras, vel marmoreus_, vel aheneus? Aut cur 115 
In carbone tuo charta pia thura soluta 
PonimuSj et sectum vituli jecur^ albaque porci 
Omenta ? Ut video^ nullum discrimen habendum est 
Effigies inter vestras^ statuamque Batylli. 

Accipe quae contra valeat solatia ferre^ 120 

Et qui nee Cynicos^ nee Stoica dogmata legit 
A Cynicis tunica distantia ; non Epicurum 
Suspicit exigui leetum plantaribus horti. 
Curentur dubii medicis majoribus eegri; 
Tu venam vel discipulo committe Philippi. 125 

Si nullum in terns tarn detestabile factum 
Ostendis, taceo ; nee pugnis csedere pectus 
Te veto^ nee plana faciem contundere palma ; 
Quandoquidem accepto claudenda est janua damno^ 

being ready to draw you away, even of his own accord, and to annoy you. 

For when great audaciousness supports an evil cause, 

it is believed by many to be confidence : he acts the mimic, 1 10 

like the fugitive buffoon of the polite Catullus. 

You, wretched, call out so that you might surpass Stentor, 

or rather as loud as Homer's Mars : ' Do you hear, 

Jupiter, these things ? nor move your lips, when you ought 

to send forth your voice, whether you te marble or brass ? or why 115 
do we place on your coal pious frankincense from the loosened paper, 
and the cut liver of a calf, and the white cauls of a hog ? 
As I conceive, no difference is to be held 
between your images and the statue of Batyilus. , 

Hear, on the other hand, what consolation one may be able to bring, 
and one who hath read neither the Cynic nor Stoic doctrines, 121 

differing from the Cynics by a coat ; nor regards Epicurus, 
happy in the plants of his little garden. 

Those dangerously ill must be cured by more eminent physicians ; 
but do you trust your vein even to the pupil of Philip. 125 

If you exhibit no deed upon earth so detestable, 

1 am silent ; neither do I forbid you to beat your breast with your lists, 
nor to bruise your face with your open palm ; 

since, on a loss being sustained, the gate must be closed, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 151 

Et majore domus gemitu, majore tumultu 130 

Planguntur nummi, quam funera. Nemo dolorem 

Fingit in hoc casu, vestem diducere summam 

Contentus^ vexare oculos humore coacto. 

Ploratur lachrymis amissa pecunia veris. 

Sed si cuncta vides simili fora plena querela; 135 

Si decies lectis diversa parte tabellis^ 

Vana supervacui dicunt chirographa ligni, 

Arguit ipsorum quos litera^ gemmaque princeps 

Sardonychesj loculis quee custoditur eburnis ; 

Ten^ 6 delicias^ extra communia censes 140 

Ponendum, quia tu gallinse filius albee, 

Nos viles pulli nati infelicibus ovis ? 

Rem pateris modicam,, et mediocri bile ferendam^ 
Si flectas oculos majora ad crimina : confer 
Conductum latronem^ incendia sulphure coepta, 145 
Atque dolo^ primos ciim janua colligit ignes : 
Confer et hos veteris qui tollunt grandia templi 
Pocula adorandse rubiginis^ et populorum 
Dona,, vel antiquo positas a rege coronas. 
Heee ibi si non sunt, minor extat sacrilegus_, qui 150 
Radat inaurati femur Herculis^ et faciem ipsam 

and with greater mourning of the house, with greater tumult, 130 

is money bewailed, than a funeral. Nobody feigns grief 

in this case, content only to tear their upper garment, 

and rub their eyes for a forced moisture. 

Money when lost is deplored with true tears. 

But if you see all the forums filled with a similar complaint ; 135 

if, the deeds being ten times read over by a different party, 

they say the hand- writings of the superfluous wood are forged, 

whom their own letter convicts, and the valuable gem 

of a sardonyx, that is kept in ivory cabinets ; 

do you imagine that you, O my darling, beyond the common lot 140 

are to be placed, as if you were the son of a white hen, 

and we vile chickens produced from unpropitious eggs ? 

You suffer a small loss, and one to be endured with moderate chagrin, 
if you turn your eyes to greater crimes : consider 

a hired robber, burnings begun with sulphur, 145 

and treachery, when your door catches the first flames : 
consider likewise those who carry off the massy cups of an antique temple, 
venerable for rust, and the gifts of the people, 
or the crowns presented by an ancient king. 

If these things are not there, a less sacrilegious thief remains, who 150 
will scrape the thigh of gilded Hercules, and the very face 



152 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 

Neptuni^ qui bracteolam de Castore ducat. 

An dubitetj solitus totum conflare Tonantem ? 

Confer et artifices mercatoremque veneni^ 

Et deducendum corio bo vis in mare, cum quo 155 

Clauditur adversis innoxia simia fatis. 

Hsec quota pars sceleruin, quse custos Gallicus urbis 

Usque a lucifero, donee lux occidat, audit ? 

Humani generis mores tibi nosse volenti 

Sufficit una domus; paucos consume dies, et 160 

Dicere te miserum, postquam illinc veneris, aude. 

Guis tumidum guttur miratur in Alpibus? aut quis 
In Meroe crasso majorem infante mamillam? 
Caerula quis stupuit Germani lumina ? flavam 
Csesariem, et madido torquentem cornua cirro? 165 
Nempe quod heec illis natura est omnibus una. 
Ad subitas Thracum volucres, nubemque sonoram, 
Pygmeeus parvis currit bellator in armis : 
Mox impar hosti, raptusque per aera curvis 
Unguibus a seeva fertur grue : si videas hoc 1 70 

Gentibus in nostris risu quatiere ; sed illic, 
Quanquam eadem assidue spectentur prcelia, ridet 
Nemo, ubi tota cohors pede non est altior uno. 

of Neptune, who will peel the gilt-foil off Castor. 

Will he hesitate, who is accustomed to melt down a complete Thunderer ? 

Consider likewise the artificers and vender of poison, 

and him who is carried into the sea in the hide of an ox, with whom, 

by adverse fates, an innocent ape is inclosed. 156 

How small a portion is this of the crimes which Gallicus, the keeper 

of the city, hears, even from the morning till the day departs. 

For you, who wish to know the morals of the human race, 

his house alone is sufficient ; there spend a few days, and 160 

dare to call yourself wretched, after you have come from thence. 

Who wonders at a swollen throat on the Alps ? or who, 
in Meroe, at a breast larger than a plump infant ? 
Who is surprised at the blue eyes of a German ? or at his yellow 
hair, and his twisting horn-like curls in his moistened locks ? 165 

Truly because this is only nature to them all. 
To the unlooked-for birds of the Thracians and sonorous cloud, 
does the Pigmy warrior run in his tiny arms : 
presently (unequal to the foe, and snatched up with crooked 
talons,) he is borne thro' the air by a cruel crane : if you could see this 
in our country you would be convulsed with laughter ; bat there, 171 
although the same battles are seen constantly, nobody laughs, 
where the whole cohort is not higher than one foot. 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 153 

Nullane perjuri capitis fraudisque nefandee 
Poena erit? Abreptum crede hunc graviore catena 175 
Protinus, et nostro (quid plus velit ira ?) necari 
Arbitrio : manet ilia tamen jactura^ nee unquam 
Depositum tibi sospes erit : sed corpore trunco 
Invidiosa dabit minimus solatia sanguis : 
At vindicta bonum vita jucundius ipsa. 180 

Nempe hoc indoctL, quorum preecordia nullis 
Interdum,, aut levibus videas flagrantia causis. 
Quantulacunque adeo est occasio, sufficit iree. 
Chrysippus non dicet idem, nee mite Thaletis 
Ingenium^ dulcique senex vicinus Hymetto, 185 

. Qui partem acceptse sseva inter vincla cicutee 
Accusatori nollet dare. Plurima felix 
Paulatim vitia atque errores exuit omnes 
Prima docens rectum, Sapientia : quippe minuti 
Semper et infirmi est animi exiguique voluptas 190 

Ultio. Continuo sic collige, quod vindicta 
Nemo magis gaudet, quam foemina. Cur tamen hos tu 
Evasisse putes, quos diri conscia facti 
Mens habet attonitos^ et surdo verbere ceedit, 
Occultum quatiente animo tortore flagellum? 195 

Shall there be do punishment for a perjured head and wicked fraud ? 
Suppose this man dragged off with a heavier chain 175 

forthwith, and sacrificed at our will : what would rage have more ? 
yet that loss remains, nor will ever 

the deposit be secured to you : but from his mangled body 
the least blood will give invidious consolation : 

for revenge is a pleasure sweeter than life itself. jgg 

Truly the ignorant think this, whose breasts you may see 
burning sometimes without any or with trivial causes. 
So that, however trifling is the occasion, it excites their resentment. 
Chrysippus will not say the same, nor Thales' mild 
disposition, or the old man (Socrates) living near the sweet Hymettus. 
who was unwilling to give to his accuser a share of the hemlock 186 

received amidst his cruel fetters. Happy Wisdom 
gradually casts off many vices and every error 
by first teaching what is right : for revenge 

is always the delight of a narrow , weak, and unstable mind. 190 

Thus constantly infer, that in revenge 

no one more rejoices than a woman. Yet why do you think that those 
have escaped, whom a mind conscious of a direful deed 
holds horror-stricken, and wounds with a silent reproach, 
conscience, shaking his hidden scourge, being the torturer? 195 

H 5 



154 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 

Poena autem vehemens,, ac mnlto seevior illis 

Quas et Ceeditius gravis invenit aut RhadamanthuSj 

Nocte dieque snum gestare in pectore testem, 

Spartano cuidam respondit Pythia vates, 
Haud impunitum quondam fore,, quod dubitaret 200 
Depositum retinere., et fraudem jure tueri 
Jurando : queerebat enim quee numinis esset 
Mens ; et an hoe ill! facinus suaderet Apollo. 
Reddidit ergo meta, non moribus ; et tamen omnem 
Vocem adyti dignam templ6_, veramque probavit, 205 
Extinctus tota pariter cum prole domoque,, 
Et quamvis longa deductis gente propinquis. 
Has patitur pcenas peecandi sola voluntas. 
Nam scelus intra se taciturn qui cogitat vJhtm, 
Facti crimen kahet : cedo, si conata peregit? 210 

Perpetua anxietas ; nee mensee tempore cessat ; 
Faucibus ut morbo siccis., interque molares 
Difficili erescente eibo. Sed vina misellus 
Exspuit : Albani veteris pretiosa senectus 
Displieet. Ostendas melius,, densissima ruga 215 

Cogitur in frontenv, velut acri ducta Falerno. 

Nocte brevem si forte indulsit cura soporenr, 

But the punislimeiit is excessive, and much more cruel than those 
which even stern Cseditius or Ilhadamanthus invented, — 
to bear his own testimony in his breast by night and by day. 

The Pythian prophetess answered a certain Spartan, 
that he should not go unpunished afterwards, because he thought 200 
of retaining the deposit, and of defending the fraud by a solemn oath : 
for he inquired what was the deity's 

opinion ; and whether Apollo would advise him to this crime. 
Therefore he restored it from fear, not from morality : and yet 
he proved every word of the oracle true and worthy the temple, 205 

being cut oft, together with his whole offspring and family, 
and relations, although all descended from a long race. 
The intention alone of sinning suffers these punishments. 
For he who conceives any secret wickedness -within himself, 
has the guilt of the deed: what, if he had accomplished his intentions ? 
a perpetual anxiety ; nor does it cease during the time of feasting ; 211 
his jaws being parched as with a distemper, and between his grinders 
the unrelished food increasing. But the wretch 
spews ip his wines : the precious age of old Alban 

is offensive. If you show him better, the thickest wrinkles 215 

gather over his brow, as if induced by sour Falernian. 

In the night, if haply care has indulged him with a short sleep, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 155 

Et to to versata toro jam membra quiescunt^ 
Continuo templum et violati numinis aras^ 
Et (quod praecipuls mentem sudoribus urget) 220 

Te videt in somnis. Tua sacra et major imago 
Humana turbat pavidum^ cogitque fateri. 

Hi sunt qui trepidant, et ad omnia fulgura pallent, 
Cum tonat ; exanimes primo quoque murmure coeli ; 
Non quasi fortuitus^ nee ventorum rabie^ sed 225 

Iratus cadat in terras,, et vindicet ignis. 
Ilia nihil nocuit ? cura graviore timetur 
Proxima tempestas^ velut hoc dilata sereno. 
Preeterea laterls vigili cum febre dolorem 
Si coepere pati, missum ad sua corpora morbum 230 
Infesto credunt a numine : saxa deorum 
Hsec et tela putant. Pecudem spondere sacello 
Balantem^ et laribus cristam promittere galli 
Non audent. Quid enim sperare nocentibus segris 
Concessum ? vel quae non dignior hostia vita ? 235 

Mobilis et varia est ferme natura malorum. 
Cum scelus admittunt 3 superest constantia : quid fas 
Atque nefas tandem incipiunt sentire^ peractis 
Criminibus. Tamen ad mores natura recurrit 



and his limbs tossed over the whole bed are now at rest, 

forthwith he sees the temples and altars of the violated deity, 

and (what affects his mind with agonizing sweats) 220 

he sees you in his dreams. Your image, awful and larger 

than human, disturbs him as he lies in dread, and forces him to confess. 

These are the men who tremble and turn pale at every flash 
when it thunders ; and also sink under the first murmur of heaven ; 
not as if an accidental fire, or from the commotion of the winds, but 225 
as if in wrath it falls upon the earth, and darts its vengeance. 
Did that no harm ? with greater dismay 

the next storm is dreaded, as if only deferred by this serene sky. 
Moreover, if a pain of the side, with a wakeful fever, 229 

they have begun to suffer, they believe the disease sent to their bodies 
by an offended deity ; they consider these the stones 
and darts of the gods They dare not offer at the little temple 
a bleating lamb, and promise the crest of a cock to their household gods. 
For what is allowed the guilty sick to hope for ? 
or what victim is not more worthy of life ? 235 

The nature of the wicked is commonly timorous and wavering. 
When they commit wickedness resolution prevails : 
at length they begin to feel what is right and wrong, 
when the crimes are perpetrated. Yet nature returns to practices 



156 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIII. 



DamnatoSj fixa et mutari nescia. Nam quis 240 

Peccandi finem posuit sibi ? quando recepit 

Ejectum semel attrita de fronte ruborem ? 

Gluisnam homimim est^ quern tu contentum videris uno 

Flagitio ? Dabit in laqueum vestigia noster 

Perfidy et nigri patietur carceris uneum, 245 

Aut maris ^Egsei rupenx, scopulosque frequentes 

Ezulibus magnis. Poena gaudebis amara 

Nominis invisi : tandemque fatebere laetus 

Nee surdum^ nee Tiresiam quenquam esse deorum. 



condemned, being immutable and ignorant of change. For who 240 

has prescribed to himself an end of sinning ? when has he recovered 

the blush once banished from his hardened forehead ? 

Who among men is he whom you will see contented with one 

delinquency ? Our perfidious one will get his feet into fetters, 

and suffer the hook of a dark prison, 245 

or the rock of the iEgaean sea, and cliffs swarming 

with great exiles. You will rejoice at the bitter punishment 

of his hated name : and at length with joy confess 

that none of the gods are deaf, nor as Tiresias blind. 



SATIRA XIV. 

AD FUSCINUM, DE PARENTUM EXEMPLIS. 



Plurima sunt^ Fuscine,, et fama digna sinistra^ 
Et nitidis maculam heesuram figentia rebus^ 
Quae monstrant ipsi pueris traduntque parentes. 

Si damnosa senem juvat alea^ ludit et haeres 
Bullatus,, parvoque eadem movet arma fritillo : 5 

Nee de se melius cuiquam sperare propinquo 
Concedet juvenis,, qui radere tubera terree^ 
Boletum condire^ et eodem jure natantes 
Mergere ficedulas didicit, nebulone parente 
Et cana monstrante gula. Cum septimus annus 10 
Transient puero^ nondum omni dente renato^ 
Barbatos licet admoveas mille inde magistros^ 
Hinc totidem^ cupiet lauto coenare paratu 
Semper^ et a magna non degenerare culina. 

Mitem animum et mores modicis erroribus sequos 15 
Proecipit, atque animas servorum et corpora nostra 
Materia constare putat paribusque elementis ? 
An ssevire docet Rutilus, qui gaudet acerbo 
Plagarum strepitu^ et nullam Sirena flagellis 

There are many things, Fuscinus, both deserving unfavourable report, 
and fixing a stain that will adhere to brilliant characters, 
which parents themselves show and transmit to their children. 

If the ruinous dice delight the old man, his heir likewise plays 
in hanging sleeves, and shakes the same implements in his little dice-box s 
nor will that youth allow any relation to hope better of himself, 6 

who has learned to peel the toad-stools of the earth, 
to pickle a mushroom, and to immerge fig-peckers swimming 
in the same liquor, a prodigal parent 

and hoary gluttony showing the example. When the seventh year 10 
has passed over the boy, every tooth not as yet renewed, 
although you place a thousand bearded masters on that side, 
as many on this, he will always wish to sup on delicious provision, 
and not to degenerate from a large kitchen. 

Does he enjoin a mild disposition, and manners kind to trivial errors, 
and think that the souls and bodies of slaves 16 

consist of our matter and the same elerients ? 

or does he, Rutilus, not teach them to be cruel, who delights in the bitter 
sound of stripes, and thinks no Syren equal to the sound of lashes, 



158 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 

Comparat^ Antiphates trepidi laris ac Polyphemus ? 20 

Turn felixj quoties aiiquis tortore vocato 

Uritur ardent! duo propter lintea ferro. 

Quid suadet juveni leetus stridore catenae^ 

Quern mire afficiunt inscripta ergastula^ career 

Rusticus ? Expectas ut non sit adultera Largee 25 

Filia^ quae nunquam maternos dicere moechos 

Tarn cito, nee tanto poterit contexere cursu, 

Ut non ter decies respiret ? conscia matri 

Virgo fuit : ceras nunc hac dictante pusillas 

Impiety et ad mcechum dat eisdem ferre cineedis. 30 

Sic natura jubet : Velociiis et citius nos 
Corrumpunt vitiorum exempla domestica, magnis 
Cum subeunt animos auctoribus. Unus et alter 
Forsitan heec spernant juvenes,, quibus arte benigna^ 
Et meliore luto finxit prseeordia Titan. 35 

Sed reliquos fugienda patrum vestigia ducunt ; 
Et monstrata diu veteris trahit orbita culpae. 
Abstineas igitur damnandis ; hujus enim vel 
Una potens ratio est, ne crimina nostra sequantur 
Ex nobis geniti : quoniam dociles imitandis 40 

Turpibus et pravis omnes sumus ; et Catilinam 

being the Antiphates and the Polyphemus of his trembling family ? 20 

Then he is happy, when, the torturer being called, any one 

is burnt by a hot iron for stealing two towels. 

What can he advise a youth, who rejoices in the clanking of a chain, 

whom branded slaves and a country prison wonderfully delight ? 

Do you expect that the daughter of Larga should not be an adultress, 25 

who never could name her mother's gallants 

so quickly, nor join them together with such rapidity, 

that she would not respire thirty times ? Privy to her mother's guilt 

was the girl : now, at her inditing, she tills little tablets, 

and gives them to the same pimps to carry to the adulterer. 30 

Thus nature commands : more rapidly and readily 
do domestic examples of vices corrupt its, 

when they steal into our minds from great precedents. One or two 
youths, perhaps, may despise these examples, whose hearts 
Titan hath formed with benignant skill, and of a better clay. 35 

But the footsteps of their fathers which ought to be avoided guide the rest ; 
and the path of ancient crime, being long in view, draws them on. 
Abstain then from what are to be condemned ; for this indeed 
there is one powerful reason, that those should not follow our crimes 
who are sprung from us : since we are all docile in imitating 40 

base and wicked things ; and a Catiline 






JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 159 

Quocunque in populo videas^ quocunque sub axe ; 
Sed nee Brutus erlt, Bruti nee avunculus usquam. 

Nil dictu fosdwn visuque hcec limina tangat 
Intra quae puer est. Procul hinc,, procul inde puellee 45 
Lenonum,, et cantus pernoctantis parasiti. 
Maxima debetur puero reverentia. Si quid 
Turpe paras, ne tu pueri contempseris annos : 
Sed peccaturo obsistat tibi nlius infans. 
Nam si quid dignum Censoris fecerit ira^ 50 

(Quandoquidem similem tibi se non corpore tantum, 
Nee vultu dederit, morum quoque filius) et cum 
Omnia deterius tua per vestigia peccet, 
Corripies nimirum et castigabis acerbo 
Ciamore, ac post hsee tabulas mutare parabis. 55 

Unde tibi frontem libertatemque parentis. 
Cum facias pejora senex? vacuumque cerebro 
Jampridem caput hoc ventosa cucurbita queerat ? 

Hospite venturo, cessabit nemo tuorum : 
Verre pavimentum^ nitidas ostende columnas^ 60 

Arida cum tota descendat aranea tela : 
Hie lseve argentum, vasa aspera tergeat alter : 
Vox domini furit instantis virgamque tenentis. 

you may see among every people, under every clime ; 

but there will not be a Brutus, nor the uncle of a Brutus, anywhere. 

Let nothing indecent in word or sight approach those thresholds 
within which there is a bog. Far hence, far hence be the girls 45 

of procurers, and the songs of the parasite chanting all night long. 
The greatest regard is due to youth. If you intend any thing 
wrong, do not you despise the years of your boy : 
but let your infant son prevent your committing sin. 
For if he shall do any thing deserving the anger of the Censor, 50 

(since indeed he will show himself similar to you not in body only, 
nor in countenance, but also the son of your morals), and when 
he errs in all things worse by pursuing your footsteps, 
you will doubtless seize and chastise him with bitter 54 

reproach , and after these things you will prepare to alter your will. 
Whence have you the authority and liberty of a parent, 
when you an old man do worse things ? and 
the windy cupping-glass long ago seeks your head void of brain ? 

When a guest is about to come, none of your domestics will be idle : 
sweep the pavement, show the shining columns, 60 

let the dry spider with its whole web come down : 
let this one scour the plain silver-plate, another the figured vessels : 
the voice of the master storms, as he is hurrying and holding the rod. 



160 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 

Ergo miser trepidas^ ne stercore foeda canino 

Atria displiceant oculis venientis amici ; 65 

Ne perfusa luto sit porticus ; et tamen uno 

Semodio scobis hsec emundet servulus unus. 

Illud non agitas^ ut sanctam films omni 

Aspiciat sine labe domum, vitioque carentem. 

Gratum est quod patriae civem populoque dedisti^ 70 
Si faeisj ut patriae sit idoneus, utilis agris^ 
Utilis et bellorum et pacis rebus agendis. 
Plurimum enim inter erit, quibus artibus, et quibus hunc tu 
Moribus instituds. Serpente cieonia pullos 
Nutrit, et inventa per devia rura lacerta : 75 

Illi eadem sumptis queerunt animalia pennis. 
Vultur, jumento et canibus crucibusque relictis, 
Ad foetus properat, partemque cadaveris affert. 
Hie est ergo cibus magni quoque vulturis^ et se 
Pascentis,, propria cum jam facit arbore nidos. 80 

Sed leporem^ aut capream^ famulee Jovis^ et generosee 
In saltu venantur aves : hinc prseda cubili 
Ponitur : inde autem, cum se matura levarit 
Progenies^ stimulante fame, festinat ad illam 
Quam primum rupto preedam gustaverat ovo. 85 

Therefore, wretch, do you tremble, lest your court-yards, contaminated 
by dog's ordure, displease the eyes of your coming friend ; 65 

lest your portico be covered with dirt ; and yet with one 
half-bushel of scouring-dust could one servant-lad cleanse them all : 
you regard it not, that your son may behold a virtuous 
family without any contagion, and free from vice. 

It is well that you have given a citizen to your country and people, 70 
if you form him so that he may be fit for his country, useful to agriculture, 
useful for managing the affairs both of war and peace. 
For it will be of the utmost consequence in ivhat arts and in what 
morals you instruct him. With a serpent the stork 
feeds her young, and with a lizard found in remote fields ; 75 

and they, on assuming wings, seek after the same animals. 
The vulture, from the cattle and dogs and the relics of gibbets, 
hastens to his brood, and brings part of the carcase. 
This therefore is the food of the grown vulture also, and 79 

of one feeding herself, when now she builds her nest on the proper tree. 
But the hare, or roe, do the attendants of Jove and noble 
birds hunt in the forest : hence the prey 
is placed in the nest : but thence, when the mature 
progeny shall raise itself, hunger stimulating, it hastens to that 
prey which first it had tasted when it burst the shell. 85 






JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 161 

JEdificator erat Centronius^ et modo curvo 
Littore Cajetae^ summa nunc Tiburis arce^ 
Nunc Preenestinis in montibus,, alta parabat 
Culmina villarum, Graecis longeque petitis 
Marmoribus,, vincens Fortunee atque Herculis sedem ; 
Ut spado vincebat Capitolia nostra Posides. 91 

Dum sic ergo habitat Centronius,, imminuit rem^ 
Fregit opes ; nee parva tamen men sura relictee 
Partis erat ; totam hanc turbavit filius aniens^, 
Dum meliore novas attollit marmore villas. 95 

Quidam sortiti metuentem Sabbata patrem, 
Nil preeter nubes et coeli numen adorant ; 
Nee distare putant humana came suillam^ 
Qua pater abstinuit ; mox et preeputia ponunt : 
Romanas autem soliti contemnere leges,, 100 

Judai'cum ediscunt^ et servant, ac metuunt jus,, 
Tradidit arcano quodcunque volumine Moses ; 
Non monstrare vias^ eadem nisi sacra colenti ; 
Queesitum ad fontem solos deducere verpos. 
Sed pater in causa, cui septima queeque fuit lux 105 
Ignava, et partem vitse non attigit uUam. 

Sponte tamen juvenes imitantur ceetera : solam 

Centronius was a builder, and sometimes on the winding 
shore of Cajeta, now on the highest summit of Tibur, 
now on the Prsenestine mountains, he constructed the lofty 
elevations of villas with Grecian and far-fetched 

marbles, surpassing the temple of Fortune and of Hercules, 90 

as far as the eunuch Posides surpassed our capitol. 
Therefore, while Centronius thus lived, he diminished his estate, 
he impaired his wealth ; nor yet small was the measure 
of the remaining part : but his mad son ran through all this, 
while he raised new villas of superior marble. 95 

Some happening to have a father who fears the Sabbaths, 
worship nothing but the clouds and the deity of heaven ; 
nor do they think that pork differs from human flesh, 
from which their father abstained ; and in time they are circumcked : 
but being accustomed to despise the Roman laws, 100 

they learn, and obey, and fear the Jewish code, 
and whatever Moses has delivered in his mystic volume ; 
not to show the roads unless to one observing the same rites ; 
to lead the circumcised alone to a sought-for spring. 
But the father was in fault, by whom every seventh day was 105 

kept idle, and did not extend to any duty of life. 

Yet of their own accord young men imitate other things : 



162 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 

Inviti quoque avaritiam exercere jubentur. 

Fallit enim tritium specie virtutzs, et umbra, 

Cum sit triste habitu vultuque et veste severum. 110 

Nee dubie tanquam frugi laudatur avarus, 

Tanquam parcus homo,, et rerum tutela suarum 

Certa magis^ quam si fortunas servet easdem 

Hesperidum serpens aut Ponticus. Adde quod nunc,, de 

Quo loquor^egregium populus putat atque verendum 115 

Artificem : quippe his crescunt patrimonia fabris. 

Sed crescunt quocunque modo^ majoraque fiunt 

Incude assidua, semperque ardente camino. 

Et pater ergo animi felices credit avaros,, 

Qui miratur opes^ qui nulla exempla beati 120 

Pauperis esse putat ; juvenes hortatur, ut illam 

Ire viam pergant^ et eidem incumbere sectee. 

Sunt queedam vitiorum elementa : his protinus illos 
Imhuit, et cogit minimas ediscere sordes. 
Mox acquirendi docet insatiabile votum. 125 

Servorum ventres modio castigat iniquo^ 
Ipse quoque esuriens : neque enim omnia sustinetunquam 
Mucida coerulei panis consnmere frusta,, 
Hesternum solitus medio servare minutal 



against inclination even are they ordered to exercise avarice alone. 
For this vice deceives by the appearance and shadow of virtue, 
since it is sad in mien and severe in countenance and dress. 110 

No doubt the avaricious is commended as a frugal, 
as a parsimonious man, and a guardian of his own affairs 
more certain than if the same fortunes were protected by 
the dragon of the Hesperides, or that of Pontus. Add, that 
the people think him of whom I speak an excellent and venerable 115 
artificer : for by these workmen patrimonies are raised. 
But they increase by any means whatever, and become greater 
by the assiduous anvil, and the ever-burning forge. 
And therefore that father believes the avaricious happy in mind, 
who admires their wealth, who thinks that no instances of happy 120 
poverty exist ; he exhorts his youths that 

they continue to go that way, and to follow up the same course. 
There are certain rudiments of vices : with these he forthwith 
imbues them, and obliges them to learn the pettiest sordidness. 
By and by he teaches them the insatiable desire of acquiring. 125 

He pinches the bellies of his servants with short allowance, 
himself also starving : neither indeed does he ever suffer them 
to consume all the mouldy crusts of his blue bread, 
being accustomed to preserve yesterday's hash in the middle 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 163 

Septembri; nee non difFerre in tempora coense 130 

Alterius conchen eestivi cum parte lacerti 
Signatam, vel dimidio putrique siluro,, 
Filaque sectivi numerata includere porri. 
Invitatus ad hsec aliquis de ponte negaret. 

Sed quo divitias hsec per tormenta coactas ? 135 

Cum furor haud dubius^ cum sit manifesta phrenesis,, 
Ut locuples moriaris^ egenti vivere fato ? 
Interea pleno cum turget sacculus ore,, 
Crescit amor nummi, quantum ipsa pecunia crescit; 
Et minus hanc optat qui non habet. Ergo paratur 140 
Altera villa tibi, cum rus non sufficit unum^ 
Et proferre libet fines ; majorque videtur 
Et melior vicina seges : mercaris et hanc et 
Arbusta^ et densa montem qui canet oliva : 
Quorum si pretio dominus non vincitur ullo^ 145 

Nocte boves macri lassoque famelica collo 
Armenta ad virides hujus mittentur aristas ; 
Nee prius inde domum, quam tota novalia ssevos 
In ventres abeant^ ut credas falcibus actum. 
Dicere vix possis quam multi talia plorent, 150 

Et quot venales injuria fecerit agros. 

of September ; and also to reserve for the time of another supper 130 

the beans secured with the part of a summer fish, 

or with half a stinking shad, 

and to lock up the numbered threads of a chopped leek. 

Any one invited to these things from a bridge would refuse them. 

But to what purpose are riches collected by these torments ? 135 

since it is an undoubted madness, since it is a manifest frenzy, 
merely that you may die rich, to live on a scanty fare ? 
In the mean time, while the little bag swells with a full mouth, 
the love of money increases, as much as the money itself increases; 
and the least does he desire it who hath it not. Thus is prepared 140 
another villa for you, since one farm is not sufficient, 
and it delights you to enlarge your boundaries ; greater too 
and better does your neighbour's crop appear : you buy both this and 
the groves, and the hill which is white with the thick -planted olive : 
for which if the master is not prevailed upon by any price, 14o 

your lean oxen and starved herds, with wearied neck, during the night 
will be sent to his green corn ; 

nor thence do they go home before all the new crops 
enter their keen bellies, so that you would believe it done by sickles. 
You can scarcely tell how many may lament such things, 150 

and how many fields such injury hath caused to be sold. 



164 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 

Sed qui sermones ? quee foedee buccina famse ? 
Quid nocet hoc ? inquit. Tunicam mihi malo lupini, 
Quam si me toto laudet vicinia pago_, 
Exigui runs paucissima farra secantem. 155 

Scilicet et morbis et debilitate carebis^ 
Et luctum et curam effugies ; et tempora vitae 
Longa tibi post hsec fato meliore dabuntur; 
Si tantum culti solus possederis agri,, 
Quantum sub Tatio populus Romanus arabat ! 160 

Mox etiam fractis setate, ac Punica passis 
Preelia_, vel Pyrrhum immanenx, gladiosque Molossos^ 
Tandem pro multis vix jugera bina dabantur 
Vulneribus c Merces ea sanguinis atque laboris 
Nullis visa unquam meritis minor,, aut ingratse 165 

Curta fides patriae : saturabat glebula talis 
Patrem ipsum, turbamque casa*, qua foetajacebat 
Uxor, et infantes ludebant quatuor, unus 
Vernula^ tres domini : sed magnis fratribus horum 
A scrobe vel sulco redeuntibus^ altera coena 1 70 

Amplior^ et grandes fumabant pultibus ollse. 
Nunc modus hie agri nostro non sufficit horto. 
Inde fere scelerum causae; nee plura venena 

But what are the reports ? what the trumpet of ill fame ? 
1 What does that harm me,' says he. l I had rather the husk of a bean, 
than that the neighbourhood praise me through the whole village, 
while cutting the scanty produce of a small farm.' 155 

Doubtless you will be exempt both from diseases and debility, 
and you will escape grief and care ; and long terms of life, 
after these, will be given you, with a happier destiny ; 
if you alone shall possess as much cultivated land, 

as the Roman people ploughed under Tatius ! 160 

Then, even to those broken with age, and having endured the Punic 
wars, or cruel Phyrrhus and the Molossian swords, 
scarce two acres of ground were eventually given for numerous 
wounds. That reward of blood and of toil 

appeared to none ever less than their deserts, or 165 

the poor faith of an ungrateful country. Such a little glebe satisfied 
the father himself, and the family of his cottage, in which lay 
his pregnant wife, and four infants played, one 
a little bond-slave, and three masters : but for their elder brethren, 
returning from the ditch or furrow, there was another supper 170 

more ample, and large pots were smoking with pottage. 
Now this measure of land is not sufficient for our garden. 
Hence mostly the causes of crimes ; nor has any vice of the human mind 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 165 

Miscuit^ aut ferro grassatur seepius,, ullum 

Humanee mentis vitium, quam seeva cupido 175 

Indomiti census : nam dives qui fieri vult, 

Et cito vult fieri. Sed quae reverentia legum ? 

Quis metus aut pudor est unquam properantis avari ? 

Vivite content! casulis et collibus istis^ 
O puerl, Marsus dicebat et Hernicus olim, 180 

Vestinusque senex ; panem quseramus aratro^ 
Qui satis est mensis : laudant hoc numina ruris^ 
Quorum ope et auxilio^ gratse post munus aristee^ 
Contingunt hominl veteris fastidia quercus. 
Nil vetitum fecisse volet, quern non pudet alto 185 

Per glaciem perone tegi ; qui summovet Euros 
Pellibus inversis. Peregrina, ignotaque nobis,, 
Ad scelus atque nefas^ quodcunque est^ purpura ducit. 

Heec illi veteres preecepta minoribus : at nunc 
Post finem autumn! media de nocte supinum 190 

Clamosus juvenem pater excitat : Accipe ceras, 
Scribe^ puer^ vigila^ causas age^ perlege rubras 
Majorum leges^ aut vitem posce libello. 
Sed caput intactum buxo^ naresque pilosas 
Annotet, et grandes miretur Laelius alas. 195 

}3repared more poisons, or oftener ravaged by the sword, 

than an insatiable desire 175 

of an unbounded estate : for he who covets to become rich, 

will also covet to become so soon. But what reverence for the laws ? 

what is ever the fear or shame of pushing avarice ? 

' Live contented in your little cottages and on these hills, 
O swains,' formerly said Marsus, and Hernicus, 180 

and old Vestinus ; ' let us seek bread by our plough, 
which is enough for our tables : this the deities of the country commend, 
by the aid and assistance of whom, after the gift of gladdening corn, 
mere loathings of the old oak acorn operate on man. 
He wishes to do nothing forbidden who is not ashamed 185 

to be covered with a high shoe amidst ice : who keeps off the east-winds 
with skins turned inwards. Foreign purple, and unknown to us, 
leads to wickedness and villany, whatever it is.' 

These ancients gave these precepts to their posterity ; but now 
after the end of autumn, even at midnight, 190 

the bawling father rouses his sleeping son : ' Take waxen -tablets, 
boy ; write, watch, plead causes, read through the red-lettered 
laws of our ancestors, or ask the centurion'' s vine-branch by petition. 
But your head untouched with a comb, and your hairy nostrils, 
letLeelius observe, and admire your broad shoulders. 195 



166 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 

Dirue Maurorum attegias^ castella Brigantum^ 

Ut locupletem aquilam tibi sexagesimus annus 

Afferat : aut longos castrorum ferre labores 

Si piget, et trepido solvunt tibi cornua ventrem 

Cum lituis audita,, pares quod vendere possis 200 

Piuris dimidio ; nee te fastidia mercis 

Ullius subeant ablegandee Tiberim ultra : 

Nee credas ponendum aliquid discriminis inter 

Unguenta et corium. Lucri bonus est odor ex re 

Qualibet. Ilia tuo sententia semper in ore 205 

Versetur^ dis atque ipso Jove digna^ poetse : 

Unde habeas qucerit nemo ; sed oportet habere. 

Hoc monstrant vetulse pueris poscentibus assem : 

Hoe diseunt omnes ante Alpha et Beta puellee. 

Talibus instantem monitis quemcunque parentem^ 210 
Sic possem affari : Dic^ 6 vanissime^ quis te 
Festinare jubet ? meliorem prsesto magistro 
Discipulum. Securus abi : vinceris^ ut Ajax 
Preeteriit Telamonem^ ut Pelea vicit Achilles. 
Parcendum est teneris ; nondum implevere medullas 
Natives mala nequitise : cum pectere barbam 216 

Coeperit, et long! mucronem admittere cultri^ 

Overthrow tlie cottages of the Moors, the castles of the Brigantes, 

that your sixtieth year may bring you a rich eagle : 

or if to endure the long labours of camps 

is objectionable, and trumpets as you tremble relax your bowels 

while heard with the clarions, you may buy what you can sell 200 

for more by half ; nor let the disdain of any merchandise 

fit to be carried beyond the Tiber possess you : 

nor think that any difference is to be made between 

ointments and a hide. The smell of gain is good from any thing. 

That maxim of the poet should always be employed in your mouth, 205 

worthy of the gods and of Jove himself: 

No one asks whence you obtain money ; but it behoves you to have it. 

This old women show to boys begging a penny : 

this all the girls learn before their alphabet.' 

To any parent urging such admonitions 210 

thus would I speak : l Say, O most vain man, who orders you 
to be in such haste ? I warrant the scholar better than his master. 
Go secure : you will be outstripped, as Ajax 
aurpassedTelamon, as Achilles conquered Peleus. 

You must spare his tender years : not as yet have 215 

the evils of his natural vice filled his marrow : when the beard 
he shall have begun to comb, and to admit the edge of a long razor, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 167 

Falsus erit testis,, vendet perjuria summa 

Exigua^ Cereris tangens aramque pedemque. 

Elatam jam crede nunim^ si limina vestra 220 

Mortifera cum dote subit. Quibus ilia premetur 

Per somnum digitis ? Nam quae terraque marique 

Acquirenda putes^ brevior via conferet illi. 

Nullus enim magni sceleris labor. Hsec ego nunquam 

Mandavij dices olim., nee talia suasi : 225 

Mentis causa mala? tamen est^ et origo penes te. 

Nam quisquis magni census prsecepit amorem^ 

Et leevo monitu pueros producit avaros ; 

Et qui per fraudes patrimonia conduplicare 

Dat libertatenx, totas effundit habenas 230 

Curriculo ; quern si revoces^ subsistere nesch% 

Et te contempto rapitur,, metisque relictis. 

Nemo satis credit tantuin delinquere^ quantum 
Permittas : adeo indulgent sibi latius ipsi. 
Cum dicis juveni stultum qui donet amico_, 235 

Qui paupertatem levet^ attollatque propinqui ; 
Et spoliare doces^ et circumscribere., et omni 
Crimine divitias acquirere^ quarum amor in te est, 
Quantus erat patriae Deciorum in pectore,, quantum 

he will be a false witness, he will sell perjuries for a small sum, 

touching both the altar and the foot of Ceres. 

Now imagine your daughter-in-law cut off, if she enter your thresholds 

with a fatal dower. By what fingers shall she be strangled 221 

in her sleep ? For what you suppose by land and sea 

would be acquired, a shorter way will bring him. 

For there is no labour in a great crime.' i I never 

enjoined these,' you will afterwards say, ' nor advised such things :' 225 

yet the cause and origin of his evil disposition is owing to you. 

For whoever has instilled the love of great wealth, 

and makes boys covetous by bad advice ; 

and whoever gives them liberty to double their patrimonies 

by frauds, gives full reins 230 

to the chariot ; which, if you recall, it knows not when to stop, 

and is hurried away, while you are despised, and the goals left behind. 

Nobody believes it sufficient to sin so far only as 
you may permit : they so much the more indulge themselves. 
When you tell a youth that he is a fool who gives to a friend, 235 

who relieves and sustains the poverty of a relation, 
you also teach him to rob, and to cheat, and by every 
crime to acquire riches, the love of which is in you 
as strong as the love of country was in the breast of the Decii, as much as 



168 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 

Dilexit ThebaSj si Greecia vera,, Menoeceus ; 240 

In quarum suleis legiones dentibus anguis 

Cum clypeis nascuntur, et horrida bella capessunt 

ContimiOj tanquam et tubicen surrexerat una. 

Ergo ignenij cujus scintillas ipse dedisti^ 

Flagrantem late, et rapientem cuncta videbis : 245 

Nee tibi parcetur misero ; trepidumque magistrum 

In cavea magno fremitu leo toilet alumnus. 

Nota mathematicis genesis tua ^ sed grave tardas 
Expectare colos. Morieris^ stamine nondum 
Abrupto : jam nunc obstas,, et vota moraris ; 250 

Jam torque t juvenem longa et cervina senectus. 
Ocyiis Archigenem quaere^ atque erne quod Mithridates 
Composuit, si vis aliam decerpere ficum, 
Atque alias tractare rosas : medicamen habendum est, 
Sorbere ante cibum quod debeat aut pater aut rex. 255 

Monstro voluptatem egregiam^ cui nulla theatra^ 
Nulla eequare queas Prsetoris pulpita lauti, 
Si spectes quanto capitis discrimine constant 
Incrementa domus,, serata multus in area 
Fiscus^ et ad vigilem ponendi Castora nummi, 260 

Ex quo Mars ultor galeam quoque perdidit^ et res 

Menoeceus loved Thebes, if Greece says true ; 240 

in whose furrows legions, from the teeth of a serpent, 

with shields are born, and forthwith engage in horrid wars, 

as if a trumpeter also had arisen along with them ! 

Thus you will see the fire, whose sparks you yourself have applied, 

burning far and wide, and catching every thing : 245 

nor will it spare your miserable self ; and his trembling master 

will the young lion in his cage devour with a loud growl. 

Your nativity is known to the astrologers ; but it is grievous 
to wait the tardy distaffs. You must die, though your thread be not as yet 
cut off ; now already you are an obstacle, and delay your son's wishes ; 
now your long and stag -like old age torments the youth. 251 

Send for Archigenes quickly, and buy what Mithridates 
has compounded, if you desire to pluck another fig, 
and to handle other roses : a medicine is to be had 
which either a father or a king ought to drink before meat. 255 

I show you some excellent amusement, to which you can compare 
no theatres, no exhibitions of the opulent Praetor, 
if you consider with what great hazard of life are attended 
the increase of wealth, abundant treasure in the brazen chest, 
and money to be deposited at watchful Castor's shrine, 260 

even from the time when Mars the avenger also lost his helmet, and 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 169 

Non potuit servare suas. Ergo omnia Floree 

Et Cereris licet, et Cybeles auleea rebnquas, 

Tanto majores human a negotia ludi. 

An magis oblectant animum jactata petauro 265 

Corpora, quique solent rectum descendere funem. 

Quam tu, Corycia semper qui puppe moraris, 

Atque habitas, Coro semper tollendus et Austro, 

Perditus, ac vilis sacci mercator olentis ; 

Qui gaudes pingue antiquae de littore Cretae 270 

Passum, et municipes Jovis advexisse lagenas ? 

Hie tamen ancipiti figens vestigia planta 

Victum ilia mercede parat, brumamque famemque 

Ilia reste cavet: tu propter mille talenta, 

Et centum villas, temerarius. Aspice portus, 2*5 

Et plenum magnis trabibus mare : plus hominum est jam 

In pelago. Veniet classis, quocunque vocarit 

Spes lucri ; nee Carpathium Geetulaque tantum 

iEquora transiliet ; sed longe Calpe relicta^ 

Audiet Herculeo stridentem gurgite solem. 280 

Grande operse pretium est^, ut tenso folle reverti 

Inde domum possis^ tumidaque superbus aluta_, 

Oceani monstra et juvenes vidisse marinos. 

was not able to preservehis own. Therefore all the scenes of Flora, 
and of Ceres, and Cybele, you may leave, — 
so much greater farces are human affairs. 

Do human bodies thrown through a hoop, 2(i5 

and those who are accustomed to descend a straight rope, 
more amuse the mind than you, who always stay in a Corycian ship, 
and live continually tossed by the north-west and south wind, — 
the unhappy and vile merchant of a stinking sack ; 

who rejoice to have imported from the shore of ancient Crete 270 

the rich sweet wine, and flagons from the country of Jove ? 
Yet he, who fixes his steps with dubious tread, 
obtains his living by that employment, and against cold and hunger 
provides by that rope : but you, on account of a thousand talents, 
and a hundred villas, are fool-hardy. Behold the ports, 275 

and the sea full of large ships : now the majority of men are 
on the deep. A fleet will come wherever the hope of gain shall invite ; 
neither will it pass over the Carpathian and Gaetulian 
seas only ; but, Calpe being left far behind, 

it will hear the sun hissing in the Herculean gulf. 280 

It is a great recompence for your labour, that with a distended bag 
you can thence return home, and, proud with your swelled purse, 
that you have seen the monsters of the ocean, and marine youths. 

I 






lJX) JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 

Non unus mentes agitat furor. Ille sororis 
In manibus vultu Eumenidum terretur et igni. 285 
Hie bove percusso mugire Agamemnona credit, 
Aut Ithacum. Parcat tunicis licet atque lacernis, 
Curatoris eget, qui navem mercibus implet 
Ad summum latus, et tabula distinguitur unda ; 
Cum sit causa mail tanti, et discriminis hujus, 290 

Concisum argentum in titulos faciesque minutas. 

Occurrunt nubes et fulgura : Solvite funem, 
Frumenti dominus clamat, piperisque coemptor ; 
Nil color hie coell, nil fascia nigra minatur : 
JEstivum tonat Infelix, ac forsitan ipsa 295 

Nocte cadet fractis trabibus, fluctuque premetur 
Obrutus, et zonam lseva morsuve tenebit. 
Sed, cujus votis modo non suffecerat aurum, 
Quod Tagus, et rutila volvit Pactolus arena, 
Frigida sufficient velantes inguina panni, 300 

Exiguusque cibus, mersa rate naufragus assem 
Duni petit, et picta se tempestate tuetur. 

Tantis parta malis, cura majore metuque 
Servantur. Misera est magni custodia census. 
Dispositis prsedives hamis vigilare cobortem 305 

Not one madness alone affects the mind. That man in his sister's 
arms is terrified with the visage and fire of the Furies. 285 

This one, when an ox is struck, believes that Agamemnon 
or the Ithacan lows. Though he spares his coats and cloaks, 
he needs a keeper, who fills his vessel with merchandise 
to its highest edge, and is divided from the wave by a plank ; 
when the cause of such great evil, and of this hazard, 290 

is money cut into titles and puny faces. 

Clouds and lightnings appear : l Loose the cable,' 
exclaims the master of the corn, and the purchaser of pepper ; 
* this colour of the sky is nothing, that black cloud threatens nothing : 
it peals summer-thunder.' Unhappy being, perhaps that very night 295 
he shall fall, the planks being broken, and be pressed down by a wave 
as he is overwhelmed, and will hold his purse by his left hand or his teeth. 
But him, whose wishes all the gold had not lately satisfied, 
which Tagus and Pactolus roll along in their glittering sand, 
now mere rags covering his cold thighs will suffice, 300 

and a little food, while as a wrecked mariner, whose ship has sunk, 
he begs a penny, and supports himself by a painted tempest. 

Things obtained by so many troubles, with greater care and fear 
are preserved. The keeping of a large estate is miserable. 
The very opulent Licinus, with water-buckets prepared, orders a troop 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 171 

Servorum noctu Licinus jubet, attonitus pro 

Electro, signisque suis, Phrygiaque columna, 

Atque ebore, et lata testudine. Dolia nudi 

Non ardent Cynici : si fregeris_, altera fiet 

Cras domus ; aut eadem plumbo commissa manebit. 310 

Sensit Alexander, testa cum vidit in ilia 

Magnum habitatorem, quanto felicior hie qui 

Nil cuperet, quam qui totum sibi posceret orbem, 

Passurus gestis sequanda pericula rebus. 

Nullum numen habes^ si sit prudentia: nos te 315 

Nos facimuSj Fortuna,, Deam : mensura tamen quae 

Sufficiat census^ si quis me consulate edam : 

In quantum sitis atque fames et frigora poscunt : 

Quantum^ Epicure, tibi parvis suffecit in hortis : 

Quantum Socratici ceperunt ante penates. 320 

Nunquam aliud natura, aliud sapient ia dicit. 

Acribus exemplis videor te claudere ; misce 

Ergo aliquid nostris de moribus ; effice summam, 

Bis septem ordinibus quam lex dignatur Othonis. 

Haec quoque si rugam trahit, extenditque labellum^ 325 

Sume duos equites, fac tertia quadringenta : 

Si nondum implevi gremium^ si panditur ultra^ 

of his slaves to watch in the night, being alarmed for 
his amber, and his statues, and Phrygian column, 
and his ivory, and large shell. The tubs of the naked 
Cynic burn not : if you break them, another habitation will be made 
to-morrow ; or the same shall remain soldered with lead. 310 

Alexander perceived, when he saw in that cell 
its great inhabitant, how much happier was he who 
wished for nothing, than he who sought the whole world to himself, 
having to suffer dangers equal to the things achieved. 
Thou hast no divinity, O Fortune, if there be prudence : we, 315 

we alone, make thee a goddess. Yet what measure 
of wealth may suffice, if any consult me, I will tell him : 
as much as thirst and hunger and cold require : 
as much as was sufficient for thee, Epicurus, in thy little gardens : 
as much as the Socratic household-gods formerly took. 320 

Nature never says one thing, Wisdom another. 
I may appear to restrain you by rigid examples ; apportion 
then something on account of our habits ; make up the sum 
which the law of Otho thinks worthy of the twice seven benches. 
If this also draws on a wrinkle, and extends the lip, 325 

take two knights' revenues, make it three four hundreds : 
if I have not yet filled your lap, if it is spread out wider, 

I 2 



172 JUVENALIS SATIRA XIV. 

Nee Croesi fortuna unquam nee Persica regna 
Sufficient animo, nee divitiee Narcissi, 
Indulsit Caesar cui Claudius omnia, cujus 330 

Paruit imperils, uxorem occidere jussus. 

neither the fortune of Croesus nor the Persic kingdoms 

will ever satisfy your mind, nor the riches of Narcissus, 

to whom Claudius Caesar granted every thing, whose 330 

commands he obeyed, when ordered to execute his wife. 



SATIRA XV. 



AD VOLUSIUM BITHYNICUM, IN ^EGYPTIORUM 
SUPERSTITIONEM. 



Quis nescit, Volusi Bithynice^ qualia demens 

zEgyptus portenta colat ? Crocodilon adorat 

Pars heec : ilia pavet saturam serpentibus Ibin. 

Effigies sacri nitet aurea cercopitheci^ 

Dimidio magicse resonant ubi Memnone chordae^ 5 

Atque vetus Thebe centum jacet obruta portis. 

Illic coeruleos,, hie piscem fluminis^ illic 

Oppida tota canem venerantur ; nemo Dianam : 

Porrum et csepe nefas violare, aut frangere morsu. 

O sanctas gentes,, quibus hsec nascuntur in hortis 10 

Numina ! Lanatis animalibus abstinet omnis 

Mensa. Nefas illic foetum jugulare capellse ; 

Carnibus humanis vesci licet. Attonito cum 

Tale super ccenam facinus narraret Ulysses 

AlcinoOj bilem aut risum fortasse quibusdam 15 

Moverat, ut mendax aretalogus. In mare nemo 

Hunc abicit, sseva dignum veraque Charybdi^ 

Fingentem immanes Lsestrygonas atque Cyclopas ? 

Who knoweth not, Bithynian Volusius, what 

monsters infatuated JEgypt worships ? This sect adores the Crocodile, 

that holds in awe the Ibis glutted with serpents. 

The golden image of a sacred monkey shines, 

where the magic strings resound from the half statue q/'Memnon, 5 

and ancient Thebes with its hundred gates lies ruined. 

There the sea-fish, here the river-fish, there 

a dog, entire cities hold in veneration ; no one Diana : 

it is impious to violate a leek and onion, or to bruise them by a bite. 

O holy nations, for whom these deities grow in their gardens ! 10 

Every table abstains from fleecy animals. 

There it is profane to kill the young of a goat ; 

but it is allowed to feed upon human flesh. When 

Ulysses narrated such wickedness, at supper, to the astonished 

Alcinous, in some he had perhaps excited spleen and laughter, 15 

as a lying gabbler. ' Does nobody throw 

this fellow into the sea, worthy of a dire and real Charybdis, 

who feigns barbarous Lsestrygonians and Cyclops ? 



174 JUVENALIS SATIRA XV. 

Nam citius Scyllam^ vel concurrentia saxa 

CyaneSj plenos et tempestatibus utres 20 

Crediderim, aut tenui percussum verbere Circes^ 

Et cum remigibus grunnisse Elpenora porcis. 

Tarn vacui capitis populum Pheeaca putavit ? 

Sic aliquis merito nondum ebrhiSj et minimum qui 

De Corcyreea temetum duxerat urna : 25 

Solus enim hoc Ithacus nullo sub teste canebat. 

Nos miranda quidem, sed nuper Consule Junio 
Gesta, super calidse referemus moenia Copti ; 
Nos vulgi sceluSj et cunctis graviora cothurnis. 
Nam sceluSj a Pyrrha quanquam omnia syrmata volvas^ 
Nullus apud tragicos populus facit. Accipe nostro 31 
Dira quod exemplum feritas produxerit eevo. 

Inter finitimos vetus atque antiqua simultas^ 
Immortale odium, et nunquam sanabile vulnus 
Ardet adhuc Ombos et Tentyra. Summus utrinque 35 
Inde furor vulgo, quod numina vicinorum 
Odit uterque locus ; cum solos credat habendos 
Esse deosj quos ipse colit. Sed tempore festo 
Alterius populi rapienda occasio cunctis 
Visa inimicorum primoribus ac ducibus ; ne 40 

For sooner would I have believed Scylla or the meeting rocks 

of Cyane, and the bladders filled with tempests, 20 

or that Elpenor was struck by the slender wand of Circe, 

and grunted with his rowers turned to swine. 

Has he imagined that the Phaeacian people are so empty of brain ? ' 

Thus justly would any one have said not as yet drunk, and who 

had quaffed very little strong wine out of a Corcyrsean pitcher : 25 

for the Ithacan alone narrated this without any witness. 

We shall relate things wonderful indeed, but lately done, while Junius 
was Consul, near the walls of scorched Coptus ; we shall relate 
the depravity of a people, and things more flagitious than all tragedies. 
For, although you turn over all the tragic strains since Pyrrha, 30 

no entire people, according to tragedians, perpetrate crime. Hear 
what example this direful barbarism hath produced in our age. 

An old and ancient grudge, 
an eternal hatred, and a wound never to be healed, 34 

yet rages between Ombi and Tentyra, adjoining towns. Hence the greatest 
fury in the rabble on both sides, because the deities of their neighbours 
each place detests ; since it believes those only to be esteemed 
as gods whom itself worships. But at the festive time 
of the one people, an opportunity to be seized 39 

appeared to all the chief men and leaders of their enemies ; that neither 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XV. 1?5 

Laetum hilaremque diem, ne magnae gaudia coense 

Sentirent positis ad templa et compita mensis, 

Pervigilique toro^ quern nocte ac luce jacentem 

Septimus interdum sol invenit. Horrida sane 

^Egyptus : sed luxuria,, quantum ipse notavi, 45 

Barbara famoso non cedit turba Canopo. 

Adde quod et facilis victoria de madidis et 

Blaesisj atque mero titubantibus. Inde virorum 

Saltatus nigro tibicine,, qualiacunque 

Unguenta^ et flores, multaeque in fronte coronse : 50 

Hinc jejunum odium. Sed jurgia prima sonare 

Incipiunt animis ardentibus : haec tuba rixae. 

Dein clamore pari concurritur, et vice teli 

Saevit nuda manus : paucae sine vulnere malae : 

Vix cuiquam aut null! toto certamine nasus 55 

Integer. Aspiceres jam cuncta per agmina vultus 

Dimidios, alias fades,, et hiantia ruptis 

Ossa gems, plenos oculorum sanguine pugnos. 

Ludere se credunt ipsi tamen, et pueriles 
Exercere acies, quod nulla cadavera calcent : 60 

Et sane quo tot rixantis millia turbae, 
Si vivunt omnes ? Ergo acrior impetus, et jam 

the glad and cheerful day, nor the pleasures of a great supper 

they should enjoy, their tables being placed at the temples and highway?, 

and a wakeful couch, which by night and day 

the seventh sun sometimes finds lying there. Truly horrible 

is iEgypt ; but in luxury, as far as I have observed, 45 

the barbarous rabble does not yield to infamous Canopus. 

Add, also, that the victory is easy over the intoxicated, both 

stammering and staggering with wine. On one side 

was the dancing of men, with a black piper, ointments, such as they were, 

and flowers, and many chaplets on the forehead : 50 

on the other side was ravenous hatred. But brawlings they first 

begin to sound forth, with minds inflamed : this was the trumpet of strife. 

Then the conflict comes on with equal clamour, and, instead of a weapon, 

the naked hand assails : few cheeks are without a wound : 

scarcely to any, or indeed to none, in the whole affray, is there a nose 55 

uninjured. Already you might see, through all the groups, 

half-countenances, altered faces, and bones gaping from wounded 

cheeks, and fists filled with the blood of their eyes. 

Yet they themselves believe that they play and exercise 
puerile combats, because they have trod down no carcases : 60 

and indeed to what purpose are so many thousands of a brawling mob, 
if they all live ? Therefore the attack is more furious, and now 



176 JUVENALIS SATIRA XV. 

Saxa reclinatis per humum qusssita lacertis 

Incipiunt torquere^ domestica seditionis 

Tela; nee hos lapides,, quales et Turnus et Ajax^ 65 

Vel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam 

^Enese ; sed quos valeant emittere dextree 

Illis dissimiles^ et nostro tempore natse. 

Nam genus hoc vivo jam decrescebat Homero. 

Terra malos homines nunc educat atque pusillos. 70 

Ergo deus quicunque aspexit^ ridet, et odit. 

A diverticula repetatur fabula. Postquam 
Subsidiis auctl, pars altera promere ferrum 
Audetj et infestis pugnam instaurare sagittis : 
Terga fugse celeri preestantibus hostibus instant, 75 
Qui vicina colunt umbrosee Tentyra palmee. 
Labitur hie quidam, nimia formidine cursum 
Prsecipitans, capiturque ; ast ilium in plurima sectum 
Frusta ac particulas, ut multis mortuus unus 
Sufficeret, totum corrosis ossibus edit 80 

Victrix turba : nee ardent! decoxit aheno, 
Aut verubus : longum usque adeo tardumque putavit 
Expectare focos, contenta cadavere crudo. 
Hinc gaudere libet, quod non violaverit ignem,, 

they begin to throw stones sought for along the ground 

with down -stretched arms, the domestic weapons of sedition ; 

not those stones, such as both Turnus and Ajax threw, 65 

or those with whose weight Tydides struck the hip 

of Mneas] but those which the right-hands, 

unlike to theirs, and produced in our time, are able to fling. 

For this race had already degenerated when Homer lived. 

The earth now produces wicked and pusillanimous men. TO 

Therefore whatever god protected them, he now derides and hates them. 
Let the story be resumed from the digression. After 

being reinforced by auxiliaries, the other party ventures to draw 

the sword, and to renew the fight with deadly arrows : 74 

they press upon the enemy, while shewing their backs in rapid flight, 

who inhabit Tentyra near the shady palm-trees. 

Here one falls down, as he is hastening his course with too much fear, 

and is taken ; but him (chopped into many 

pieces and morsels, that one dead man might suffice many,) 

did the victorious rabble entirely eat up, — his very bones being gnawed: 

nor did they cook him in a boiling copper, 81 

or with spits : they even then thought it long and tardy 

to wait for fires, being contented with the raw carcase. 

Hence we may rejoice that they did not pollute fire, 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XV. 177 

Quern sumraa cceli raptum de parte Prometheus 85 
Donavit terris : elemento gratulor, et te 
Exultare reor. Sed qui mordere cadaver 
Sustinuit, nihil unquam hac carne libentius edit. 
Nam scelere in tanto ne quseras, aut dubites, an 
Prima voluptatem gula senserit : ultimus autem 90 
Qui stetit absumpto jam toto corpore, ductis 
Per terram digitis, aliquid de sanguine gustat. 
Vascones, ut fama est, alimentis talibus usi 
Produxere animas : sed res di versa : sed illic 
Fortunse invidia est, bellorumque ultima, casus 95 

Extremi, longse dira obsidionis egestas. 
Hujus enim, quod nunc agitur, miserabile debet 
Exemplum esse cibi : sicut modo dicta mihi gens 
Post omnes herbas, post cuncta animalia, quicquid 
Cogebat vacui ventris furor, hostibus ipsis 100 

Pallorem, ac maciem, et tenues miserantibus artus, 
Membra aliena fame lacerabant, esse parati 
Et sua : quisnam hominum veniam dare, quisve deorum, 
Viribus abnuerit dira atque immania passis ; 
Et quibus ipsorum poterant ignoscere manes, ] 05 

Quorum corporibus vescebantur ? Melius nos 

which, stolen from the loftiest part of heaven, Prometheus 85 

bestowed on the earth. I congratulate the element, and I think you 

will rejoice. Yet he who endured to champ the carcase 

ate nothing ever more willingly than that flesh. 

For in such wickedness you need not ask, or doubt, whether 

the first taster felt pleasure. But 90 

the whole body being now devoured, he who stood farthest off, 

by drawing his fingers along the ground, tastes some of the blood. 

The Vascons, as the report is, by using such aliments 
prolonged their lives : but the cause is different : as there 
was the malice of Fortune, and the last resources of war, 95 

extreme misfortunes, and the dreadful famine of a long siege. 
For the use of ihis food, which is now mentioned, ought to be pitied : 
as the nation already noticed by me, 
after all their herbs, after all their animals, whatever 
the fury of an empty belly urged, (their enemies themselves 100 

commiserating their paleness, and leanness, and thin joints,) 
tore one another's limbs for hunger, being ready to eat 
even their own. Who of men, or who of the gods, could refuse to pardon 
the brave, when suffering such dire and cruel calamities ; 
and whom the shades of those very persons would forgive 105 

by whose bodies they were fed ? Better 

i 5 



178 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XV. 



110 



115 



Zenonis prsecepta monent : nee enim omnia, quaedam 
Pro vita facienda putat : sed Cantaber unde 
Stoicus, antiqui preesertim setate Metelli ? 
Nunc totus Graias nostrasque habet orbis Athenas. 
Gallia causidicos docuit facunda Britannos : 
De conducendo loquitur jam rhetore Thule. 
Nobilis ille tamen populus, quern diximus ; et par 
Virtute atque fide, sed major clade, Saguntus 
Tale quid excusat. Moeotide ssevior ara 
^Egyptus : quippe ilia nefandi Taurica sacri 
Inventrix homines (ut jam, quae carmina tradunt, 
Digna fide credas) tantum immolat ; ulterius nil 
Aut gravius cultro timet hostia. Quis modo casus 
Impulit hos ? quae tanta fames, infestaque vallo 120 
Arma coegerunt tarn detestabile monstrum 
Audere ? Anne aliam, terra Memphitide sicca, 
Invidiam facerent nolenti surgere Nilo ? 

Qua nee terribiles Cimbri, nee Brittones unquam, 
Sauromatseque truces, aut immanes Agathyrsi, 1 25 

Hac seevit rabie, imbelle et inutile vulgus, 
Parvula fictilibus solitum dare vela phaselis, 
Et brevibus pictse remis incumbere testae. 



do the precepts of Zeno advise us : for he does not consider every thing, 

but some things, to be done for life. But how was the Cantabrian 

to be a Stoic, especially in the age of old Metellus ? 

Now the whole world receives the Grecian Athens and ours. 110 

Eloquent Gaul taught the British lawyers : 

Thule now speaks of hiring a rhetorician. 

Yet that was a noble people whom we have mentioned : and 

Saguntum, equal in valour and fidelity, but greater in its fall, 

excuses such as this. More savage than the altar of Mceotis 115 

is iEgypt : for that Tauric inventress of a wicked rite, 

(since now you may believe what verses hand down to us 

as worthy of credit), immolates men alone ; nothing further 

3r worse than the knife does the victim dread. But what calamity 

impelled these ? what hunger so ^reat, and arms so fatal to the rampart, 

compelled them to dare so detestable a crime ? 1£1 

Could they, when the soil of Memphis is parched, 

evince any other hatred to the Nile, on its waters refusing to rise? 

With that fury which neither the terrible Cimbri, nor the Britons, 
or the fierce Sauromatae, or the cruel Agathyrsi, ever exhibited, l c 25 

does this weak and worthless rabble rage, 

who are accustomed to spread little sails in their earthen boats, 
and ply the short oars of their painted skiff. 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XV. 179 

Nee poenam sceleri invenies^ nee digna parabis 

Supplicia his populis,, in quorum mente pares sunt 130 

Et similes ira atque fames. Mollissima corda 

Humano generl dare se natura fatetur^ 

Ghiee lachrymas dedit : hsec nostri pars optima sensus. 

Plorare ergo jubet casum lugentis amici, 

Squalloremque rei^ pupillum ad jura vocantem 135 

Circumscriptorem^ cujus manantia fletu 

Ora puellares faciunt incerta capilli. 

Naturae imperio gemimus^ cum funus adultae 

Virginis occurrit, vel terra clauditur infans^ 

Et minor igne rogi. Quis enim bonus^ aut face dignus 

Arcana, qualem Cereris vult esse sacerdos, , 141 

Ulla aliena sibi credat mala ? Separat hoc nos 

A grege brutorum., atque ideo venerabile soli 

Sortiti ingeniunx, divinorumque capaces, 

Atque exercendis capiendisque artibus apti, 145 

Sensum a coelesti demissum traximus arce, 

Cujus egent prona et terram spectantia. Mundi 

Principio indulsit communis Conditor illis 

Tantiim animas, nobis animum quoque ; mutuus ut nos 

Affectus petere auxilium, et prsestare juberet, 150 

Neither shall you find a punishment for the crime, nor prepare 

torments worthy of these people, in whose mind 130 

rage aod famine are equal and similar. 

Nature confesses that she gave the tenderest hearts to the human race, 

who gave them tears : this is the best part of our sense. 

Therefore she commands us to lament the misfortune of a bewailing friend, 

and the wretchedness of a criminal, and the orphan calling to justice 135 

his over-reaching guardian, whose features, moistened with weeping, 

his girlish hairs render doubtful. 

By the command of nature, we lament when the funeral of an adult 

virgin meets us, or an infant is inclosed in the earth, 

and too small for the funeral pile. For who that is good or deserving 

the secret torch, such as the priest of Ceres would have him be, 141 

can think any evils foreign to himself ? This separates us 

from the herd of brute animals, and therefore we alone 

having obtained a divine intellect, capable of divine things, 

and fitted for exercising and understanding the arts, 145 

have received reason sent down from the celestial citadel, 

of which animals prone and looking to the earth are destitute. 

In the beginning of the world the common Founder granted to them 

only animal existences, to us a mind likewise ; that mutual 

affection might incline us to seek and to render assistance, 150 



180 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XV. 



Dispersos trahere in populum^ migrare vetusto 
De nemore, et proavis habitatas linquere sylvas : 
^Edificare domos r laribus conjungere nostris 
Tectum aliud^ tutos vicino limine somnos 
Ut collata daret fiducia : protegere armis 155 

Lapsuim aut ingenti nutantem vulnere civem ; 
Communi dare signa tuba^ defendier isdem 
TurribuSj atque una portarum clave teneri. 

Sed jam serpentiim major concordia : parcit 
Cognatis maculis similis fera. Quando leoni 160 

Fortior eripuit vitam leo ? quo nemore unquam 
Expiravit aper majoris dentibus apri? 
Indica tigris agit rabida cum tigride pacem 
Perpetuam : saevis inter se convenit ursis. 
Ast homini ferrum lethale incude nefanda 165 

Produxisse parum est ; cum rastra et sarcula tan turn 
Assueti coquere^ et marris ac vomere lassi 
Nescierint primi gladios excudere fabri. 

Aspicimus populos^ quorum non sumcit irse 
Occidisse aliquem : sed pectora^ brachia^ vultum 170 
Crediderint genus esse cibi. Quid diceret ergo,, 
Vel quo non fugeret^ si nunc haec monstra videret 



to draw the dispersed into society, to migrate from the ancient 

forest, and to leave the woods inhabited by their ancestors : 

to build houses, to join to our own habitations 

another dwelling, that by a neighbouring threshold 

collective confidence might afford safe sleep : in war, to protect 155 

a citizen fallen, or staggering with a great wound : 

to give signals with a trumpet in common, to be defended by the same 

towers, and to be preserved by one key of the gates. 

But now the agreement of serpents is greater : 
a beast of the same kind spares his kindred spots. When 160 

hath a stronger lion taken away life from a lion ? in what forest hath ever 
a boar expired by the teeth of a greater boar ? 
The Indian tiger keeps up perpetual peace with the fierce tiger : 
there is agreement with savage bears among themselves. 
Yet for man to have hammered out the deadly steel on the cursed anvil 
it seems but little ; though rakes and spades only 166 

the first smiths were accustomed to form, and wearied with mattocks 
and the plough-share, they knew not how to beat out swords. 

We behold a people whose rage it sufficeth not 
to have killed a man : but his breasts, arms, and face 170 

they have believed to be a kind of food. What then would he say, 
or whither would he not fly, if Pythagoras now saw these monsters ? 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XV. 181 

Pythagoras ? cunctis animalibus abstinuit qui 
Tanquam homine, et ventri indulsit non omnelegumen. 

he who abstained from all animals 

as if from man, and allowed not to his appetite every kind of pulse, 



SATIRA XVI. 

AD GALLUM, DE MILITIJE PRIVILEGIIS ! 



Quis numerare queat felicis praemia, Galle^ 

Militia ? nam si subeantur prospera castra^ 

Me pavidum excipiat tyronem porta secundo 

Sidere : plus etenim fati valet hora benigni^ 

Quam si nos Veneris commendet epistola Marti, 5 

Et Samia genitrix quae delectatur arena. 

Commoda tractemus primum communia^ quorum 
Haud minimum illud erit, ne te pulsare togatus 
Audeat : imo etsi pulsetur^ dissimulet^ nee 
Audeat excussos Praetori ostendere dentes, 10 

Et nigram in facie tumidis livoribus offam, 
Atque oculos medico nil promittente relictos. 

Bardiacus judex datur haec punire volenti, 
Calceus et grandes magna ad subsellia surae ; 
Legibus antiquis castrorum et more Camilli 1 5 

Servato, miles ne vallum litiget extra, 
Et procul a signis. Justissima centurionum 
Cognitio est igitur de milite ; nee mihi deerit 
Ultio, si justse defertur causa querelae. 

O Gallus, who can enumerate the privileges of the happy 

soldiery ? for since the prosperous camps can be entered, 

let the gate receive me, a fearful tyro, under a favourable 

star : for an hour of benignant fate avails more, 

than if an epistle of Venus recommends us to Mars, 5 

and the mother who delights in the Samian shore. 

First, let us mention the common advantages, of which 
that will not be the least, that to strike you no civilian 
dares : nay, though he be struck, he must dissemble, nor 
must he presume to shew to the Praetor his teeth dashed out, 10 

and the black bump in his face with the swelled blue bruises, 
and his eyes just left, the physician promising no hope. 

A military judge is allowed him who wishes to punish these offences, 
and the shoe and large buskins on the great benches ; 
the ancient laws of the camp and the custom of Camillus 1 5 

being observed, that no soldier be tried beyond the trench, 
or far from the standards. Most just, therefore, 
is the cognizance of the centurions concerning a soldier ; nor to me 
will redress be wanting, if the cause of a just complaint is brought ; 



JUVENALIS SATIRA XVI. 183 

Tota cohors tamen est inimica, omnesque manipli 20 

Consensu magno officiunt. Curabitis ut sit 

Vindicta gravior quam injuria. Dignum erit ergo 

Declamatorls Mutinensis corde Vagelll, 

Cum duo crura habeas^ offendere tot caligatos, 

Millia clavorum. Quis tarn procul absit ab urbe? 25 

Praeterea quis tarn Pylades^ molem aggeris ultra 

Ut veniat? Lachrymse siccentur protinus, et se 

Excusaturos non sollicitemus amicos. 

Da test em, judex ciim dixerit : audeat ille 

Nescio quis^ pugnos qui vidit, dicere^ Vidi; 30 

Et credam dignum barba,, dignumque capillis 

Majorum. Citms falsum producere testem 

Contra paganum possis,, quam vera loquentem 

Contra fortunam armati^ contraque pudorem. 

Praemia nunc alia atque alia emolumenta notemus 35 
Sacramentorum. Convallem ruris aviti 
Improbus aut campum mihi si vicinus ademit, 
Aut sacrum effodit medio de limite saxum, 
Quod mea cum vetulo coluit puis annua libo^ 
Debitor aut sumptos pergit non reddere nummos,, 40 
Vana supervacui dicens chirographa ligni; 

The whole cohort, however, is hostile, and all the companies 20 

by general agreement oppose it. Yo*u will have to take care lest 

their vengeance be heavier than the original injury. Thus it will be worthy 

the heart of Vagellius the Mutinensian declaimer, 

when you have but two legs, to offend so many common soldiers, 

and thousands of hobnails. Who can be so out of the world ? 25 

who, moreover, is such a Py lades, as to come beyond the rampart's mole ? 

Let your tears be dried up forthwith, and 

let us not solicit friends who are ready to excuse themselves. 

When the judge shall say, ' Give your evidence :' let him dare, 

(I care not who) who saw the blows, to say, ' I saw them ;' 30 

and I shall believe him worthy the beard, and worthy the hairs 

of our ancestors. You may sooner produce a false witness 

against a common person, than one speaking truth 

against the property and against the honour of an armed soldier. 

Now let us notice other rewards and other emoluments 35 

of military oaths. If a valley of my hereditary land, 
or a field, any dishonest neighbour hath taken away from me, 
or hath dug up, from the common boundary, the sacred stone, 
which my annual pulse honoured with the ancient cake, 
or my debtor persists in not repaying the sums borrowed, 40 

saying that the hand- writing of the inefficient tablet is false ; 



184 JUVENALIS SATIRA XVI. 

Expectandus erit, qui lites inchoet, annus 
Totius populi : sed tunc quoque mille ferenda 
Tsedia, mille morse ; toties subsellia tantum 
Sternuntur; jam facundo ponente lacernas 45 

Cseditioj et Fusco jam micturiente, parati 
Digredimur, lentaque fori pugnamus arena. 
Ast illis quos arma tegunt, et balteus ambit^ 
Quod placitum est ipsis prsestatur tempus agendi ; 
Nee res atteritur longo sufflamine litis. 50 

Solis prseterea testandi militibus jus 
Vivo patre datur : nam quae sunt parta labore 
Militiae, placuit non esse in corpore census, 
Omne tenet cujus regimen pater. Ergo Coranum 
Signorum comitem, castrorumque sera merentem, 55 
Quamvis jam tremulus cap tat pater. Hunc labor sequus 
Provehit, et pulchro reddit sua dona labori. 
Ipsius certe ducis hoc referre videtur^ 
Ut qui fortis erit, sit felicissimus idem ; 
Ut leeti phaleris omnes, et torquibus omnes. 60 

then must be waited for the time of year which begins the suits 

of the people at large : but then also are to be endured a thousand 

difficulties, a thousand delays ; so often only the benches 

are set in order ; the eloquent Cseditius now laying aside his gown, 45 

and then Fuscus going out to water, we who are prepared 

are dismissed, and litigate in the retarding arena of the court. 

But to them whom arms defend, and the belt surrounds, 

the time of trial which is agreeable to themselves is allowed ; 

nor is their wealth consumed by a long procrastination of the suit. 50 

Besides, the right of making a will is given to soldiers only, 
during the father's life : for what are obtained by the toil 
of war, it was thought fit, should not be in the body of the heritage, 
of which the father keeps the whole management. Therefore Coranus, 
the attendant of the banners, and deserving the pay of the camps, 55 

the father himself courts, though now tremulous with age. His just labour 
promotes him, and renders its own reward for his valued service. 
Certainly this seems to concern the general himself, 
that he who shall be brave, the same may be the most happy ; 
that all may glory in their trappings, and all in their golden chains. 60 



INDEX, 

HISTORICAL^ GEOGRAPHICAL^ AND EXPLANATORY. 



The numerals refer to the Satire, and the arithmetical figures to the verse, where 
each name occurs. 



Accius, a player, or pantomi- 
mist, vi. 70. 

Acestes, a king of Sicily, who 
kindly entertained JEneas in his 
travels, being himself a Trojan on 
the mother's side, vii. 235. 

Achilles, the son of Peleus 
and Thetis, a vaLiant Grecian, with- 
out whom Troy could not have 
been taken ; he was shot in the 
heel, the only place vulnerable, by 
Paris, i. 163. vii. 210. viii. 271. 
x. 256. xi. 30. xiv. 254. 

Acilius Glabrio, a senator of 
singular prudence and fidelity, iv.94. 

Accenitus, an usher, who was 
paid out of the gains of his master, 
vii. 218. 

Actium, a promontory of Epi- 
rus, famous for the naval victory 
gained by Augustus over Mark An- 
tony and Cleopatra, ii. 109. 

Actor, a great warrior, van- 
quished by Turnus, who carried off 
his weighty spear. He came from 
Aurunca, a city of Latium in Italy, 
ii. 100. 

jEacits, a son of Jupiter by 
yEgina, king of CEnopia. The re- 
putation of his justice was so great, 
that, after his death, they made 
him, by Pluto's permission, judge 
of the infernal bench, with his two 
assessors, Minos and Rhadaman- 
thus, i. 10. 

^Edilis, an officer who took 
care of the repairs of temples and 
public buildings ; regulated weights 



and measures, the price of corn 
and other provisions ; provided for 
solemn funerals and plays ; and su- 
perintended the cleansing of the 
streets and conduits, iii. 162, 179. 
x. 102. 

Mgmvm Mare, part of the Me- 
diterranean sea, near Greece, di 
viding Europe from Asia, xiii. 81 
246. 

jEgeria, iii. 17. See Numa. 

jEgyptus, the country of Egypt, 
so called from JEgyptus, the bro- 
ther of Danaus, who reigned there, 
vi.526. xv. 2, 45, 116. 

./Elia, a lady of quality, but 
poor, vi. 72. 

jElius Lamia was descended 
from the Lamian family. The em- 
peror Domitian took away his wife, 
and afterwards put him to death, 
iv. 154. vi. 384. 

JEmilius Scaurus, a factious 
and daring Roman, who committed 
many crimes, but had the art of 
concealing them, vi. 32. vii. 124. 

^Emilia gens, a noble family in 
Rome, which produced many great 
men, viii. 3. 

jEmus, a famous player, vi. 197. 

^Eneas, a Trojan prince, son of 
Venus and Anchises,, who, after 
the siege of Troy, came into Italy, 
where he married Lavinia, daugh- 
ter of king Latinus, and succeeded 
him in his kingdom, i. 162. v. 139. 
xv. 167. 

^Ethiopia, a country in Africa, 



186 



INDEX. 



lying partly on this side, and 
partly beyond the Equator, ii. 23. 
vi. 599. vii. 33. x. 150. 

Africa, one of the four divisions 
of the world, vii. 149. x. 148. 
xi. 142. 

Agamemnon, the leader of the 
Greeks in the Trojan war, xiv. 286. 
Aganippe, a famous fountain 
of Boeotia, in Greece, sacred to the 
Muses, called also Hippocrene. It 
rose out of Mount Helicon, and 
ran into the river Permessus, vii. 6. 

Agave, the name of a tragedy, 
vii. 87. 

Agrippa, Herod, the brother 
and husband of Berenice, eaten up 
by worms for his pride, vi. 157. 

Agrippina, mother of Nero, 
daughter of Germanicus, and sister 
of Caligula, wife, first to Domitius, 
and afterwards of Claudius, whom 
she poisoned with a mushroom, 
that she might make her son Nero 
emperor, vi. 619. 

Ajax, a warrior in the Grecian 
camp against Troy, the son of Tele- 
mon by Hesione, the most valiant 
Greek next to Achilles, vii. 115. 
x. 84. xiv. 213. xv. 65. 

Alabanda, a city in Caria, in- 
famous for effeminate men and 
loose singing women, iii. 70. 

Alba, a city of Italy, built by 
Ascanius, the son of iEneas, iv. 61. 
xiii. 117. — The Alban Hills bore a 
pleasant grape, and the vines have 
not yet degenerated, v. 33. 

Alcestis, the wife of Admetus, 
king of Thessaly. Her husband, 
being sick, sent to the Oracle, and 
was answered, that he must die, 
unless one of his relatives would 
die for him ; they all refused, and 
then she magnanimously submitted 
herself to that fate, vi. 652. 

Alcinous, a king of the island 
Corcyra, whose orchards were fa- 
mous for the most choice fruits, 
xv. 15. 

Alcithoe, a tragedy written by 
Paccius, vii. 12. 



Alexander the Great, son of 
Philip, king of Macedon, xiv. 311. 

Alledius, the name of a glut- 
ton, v. 118. 

Allobroges, the Transalpine 
Gauls, who inhabited the countries 
now called Savoy and Piedmont, 
vii. 214. viii. 13. 

Alpes, the mountains that divide 
Italy from Gaul, x. 152, 166. xiii. 
462. 

Ambrosius, the name of a piper, 
vi. 77. 

Ammon, a name of Jupiter. The 
oracle of Ammon, which existed in 
Libya, was the most celebrated in 
the world, vi. 554. 

Amphion, the son of Jupiter by 
Antiope. He and his fourteen 
children were killed by Apollo, for 
the pride of his wife Niobe, who 
insulted Latona, and therefore was 
turned into a marble statue, vi. 173. 

Amydon, a city of Macedon, 
iii. 69. 

Ancona, the metropolis of Pice- 
num, in Italy, built by the Greeks, 
on the shore of the Adriatic sea, iv.40 # 

Ancus Martius, the fourth 
king of the Romans, v. 57. 

An cilia, brazen shields, twelve 
in number ; one fell from heaven : 
the rest were fabricated by Numa 
after the same pattern, ii. 126. 

Andromache, the wife of Hec- 
tor, a masculine lady, and very tall, 
vi. 502. 

Andros, an island inthe^Egean 
sea, iii. 70. 

Antaeus, a giant, begot by Nep- 
tune upon the Earth. When he 
found himself weary, he recovered 
his health and spirits by touching 
the Earth his mother ; and there- 
fore, when Hercules wrestled with 
him, he held him up in the air, 
that the Earth should not refresh 
him, iii. 89. 

Anti-Catones, two large books 
written by Caesar, reflecting upon 
the memory of Cato-Major, vi. 337. 

Anticyra, a town of Phocis, 
famous for hellebore, xiii. 97. 



INDEX. 



187 



Antigone, daughter of QEdipus 
king of Thebes, whose death forms 
the subject of one of Sophocles' 
tragedies, viii. 229. 

ANTiocHus,aGreek actor, iii. 93. 

Antilochus, son of Nestor and 
Eurydice, slain by Memnon, x. 253. 

Antiphates, king of the Laes- 
trigones, eaters of human flesh, 
xiv. 20. 

Antonius, Marcus, one of the 
three sanguinary and cruel Trium- 
virs, who, with Augustus and Lepi- 
dus, divided the Roman empire 
among them, viii. 105. x. 123. 

Anubis, the son of Osiris and 
Isis ; all these three were wor- 
shipped by the ^Egyptians ; Anubis 
under the form of a dog, Osiris of 
an ox, vi. 533. 

Aonides, a name given to the 
Muses, because Aonia was sup- 
posed to be particularly frequented 
by them, vii. 59. 

Apicius, a famous epicure, in 
the days of Nero, who spent an 
immense patrimony in gluttony ; 
and, becoming indigent and de- 
spised, hanged himself, iv. 23. xi. 3. 

Apollo, the god of physic, mu- 
sic, and poetry, i. 128. vii. 37. 

xiii. 203. Apollo-Palatinus 

had a temple at Rome, in which 
the judges determined causes, and 
in which there was an extensive 
library of law books founded by 
Augustus Caesar, vii. 37. 

Appula, a country lady, vi. 64. 

Apulia, a country in Italy, 
near the Adriatic sea, very rich in 
flocks of sheep, whose wool had 
the preference of all others, iv. 27. 

Aquinum, a town of the Latins 
near Samnium, the birth-place of 
Juvenal, where Ceres had a temple, 
iii. 319. 

Arabarches, a vulgar official 
person among the Greeks or Ara- 
bians, i. 130. 

Arachne, aLydian maid turned 
into a spider by Pallas, whom she 
had challenged to weave with her, 
ii. 56. 



Archemorus, the son of Lycur- 
gus, king of Nemaea, in Thrace. 
He was killed by a serpent while 
under the care of his stepmother 
Hypsipyle. The Nemaean games 
were instituted in his honour, vii. 
235. 

Archigenes, a physician, a na- 
tive of Syria, who practised at Rome, 
vi. 235. xii. 98. xiv. 252. 

Aristotle, son of Nicomachus 
the physician, was a native of Sta- 
gyra, a city of Thrace ; scholar to 
Plato, tutor to Alexander the 
Great, and founder of the Peripate- 
tic philosoplry, ii. 6. 

Armenia, a large country of 
Asia, subject to the Romans, 
viii. 169. 

Arpinum, a city of Italy, in the 
kingdom of Naples, illustrious for 
being the birth-place of Marius 
and Cicero. Arpinus was a name 
given to any native of the city, 
viii. 237, 245. 

Art ax at a, the capital of Ar- 
menia, in Asia, ii. 170. 

Arviragus, a king of Britain, 
and an inveterate enemy to the 
Romans in the reign of Domitian, 
iv. 127. 

Aruspex, a soothsayer, whose 
business it was to cleanse and pu- 
rify places polluted by any mon- 
strous or portentous event, vi. 396, 
549. 

Assaracus, the son of Tros, the 
father of Capys, and grandfather of 
iEneas, x. 259. 

Asturius, an upstart fellow, 
who aggrandised himself by the 
most debasing means, and after- 
wards monopolized many places of 
profit and advantage, iii. 29, 212. 

Astr^ea, the goddess of Justice, 
vi. 19. 

Asyllus, a sword-player, vi.266. 

Atellan Interludes, so called 
from Atella, a city of the Osci, 
where they were first used, vi. 71. 

Athens, the capital of Greece, 
iii. 86. vii. 205. ix. 101. x. 127. 
xv. 110. 



188 



INDEX. 



Athos, a high mountain of Ma- 
cedon, running like a peninsula 
into the iEgean sea. Xerxes dug 
through part of it to make a pas- 
sage for his fleet. It is now called 
Monte Santo, x. 174. 

Atlas, a very high hill in Mau- 
ritania, feigned by the poets to bear 
up the heavens, viii. 32. xi. 24. 
xiii. 48. 

Atreus, an usurer, vii. 73. 

Atticus, surnamed Pomponius, 
an intimate friend of Cicero, cele- 
brated for his skill in the Greek 
language, and on that account 
called Atticus, xi. 1. 

Aufidius, a lusty Grecian, noted 
for debauching married women, ix. 
25. 

Aurelia, a rich Roman lady, 
v. 98. 

Aurunca, a town of Latium, 
the native place of Lucilius, i. 20. 

Automedon, charioteer to Achil- 
les. The poet here means Fuscus, 
a young nobleman who used to 
drive Nero with his boy Sporus, 
who was mutilated, that he might 
resemble a female, i. 61. 

Autonoe, daughter of Cadmus 
and mother of Actseon, whom Di- 
ana turned into a stag, vi. 72. 

Aventinus, one of the seven 
hills of Rome, iii. 85. 

Bacchanalia, feasts celebrated 
in honour of Bacchus, where the 
vilest impurities were committed, 
ii. 3. 

Bai^e, a city of Campania near 
the sea side, abounding in warm 
springs, and celebrated by the poets 
for its pleasant situation. It had 
its name from Baius, one of the 
companions of Ulysses, who was 
buried there, iii. 4. 

Bapt^e. See Cotytto. 

Bare as, the disciple of Egna- 
tius the Stoic, who impeached him 
of high treason in Nero's time, and 
by that means caused the death of 
his pupil, iii. 116. vii. 91. 

Basilus, an orator of Rome, of 



very indigent circumstances, and 
on that account despised, vii. 145, 
146,147. x.222. 

BatavIj the inhabitants of Hol- 
land, viii. 57. 

Ba.thyllus, a musician, whose 
statue was erected at Samos, in the 
temple of Juno. Also a celebrated 
dancer and mimic of Alexandria, 
vi. 63. 

Bedriacum, a village between 
Verona and Cremona, ii. 106. 

Belides, the fifty daughters of 
Danaus, so called from Belus their 
grandfather, who all (except one) 
slew their husbands on the wedding 
night, vi. 654. 

Bellerophon, the son of Glau- 
cus, king of Ephyra. Sthenobsea, 
the wife of Proetus, king of the Ar- 
gives, fell in love with him ; but he 
refused to comply with her desires, 
at which she was so incensed, that 
she accused him to her husband. 
This forced him upon many despe- 
rate adventures, in which he suc- 
ceeded : she, hearing of his good 
fortune, put a period to her exist- 
ence, x. 325. 

Bellona, the goddess of war, 
companion, or sister, or wife of Mars, 
whose chariot she drives, iv. 124. 
vi. 511. 

Beneventum, a city of Italy, in 
the kingdom of Naples, v. 46. 

Berenice, the daughter of Agrip- 
pa, king of Judea, a woman of in- 
famous lewdness, and suspected of 
incest with her brother Agrippa ; 
she was beloved by the emperor Ti- 
tus, who promised her marriage, 
vi. 155. 

Bibula, wife of Sertorius, vi. 141 . 

Bithynia, a country of Asia 
Minor, of which Prusias was king, 
when Hannibal fled to him for pro- 
tection, and where he committed 
suicide, x. 162. 

BoccAR,kingofMauritania,v.90. 

Brigantes, a people who inha- 
bited the north-west parts of Eng- 
land, xiv. 196. 



INDEX. 



189 



Britannicus, the son of Clau- 
dius and Messalina, so named be- 
cause under Claudius a part of Bri- 
tain was subdued. He was deprived 
of his right to the empire by the 
cunning of Agrippina, the mother 
of Domitius Nero, and at last poi- 
soned by that emperor, vi. 124. 

Brutidius, a rhetorician and 
famous historian, x. 83. 

Brutus, Lucius Junius, who 
saved his life by affecting to be a 
fool in the court of Tarquinius Su- 
perbus. His own sons conspiring 
to restore the regal power, were by 
him put to death, for daring to 
subvert that system he had endea- 
voured to establish, iv. 103. vii. 182. 
xiv. 43. 

Bubulcus, a general name for 
any clownish fellow, vii. 116. 

Cacus, son of Vulcan, a robber 
and stealer of cattle in Italy, slain 
by Hercules, and dragged out of 
his cave by the heels, v. 125. 

Cjeditius, a very severe judge, 
xiii. 197. 

C^esonia, the wife of Csesar 
Caligula, whom she charmed with 
a love-potion, made of Hippoma- 
nes, which drove him into such 
madness of love, that he would 
often exhibit her naked to his 
friends, vi. 615. 

Cajeta, a sea-port in Campa- 
nia, not far from Baise, built in 
memory of Cajeta, nurse to iEneas, 
xiv. 87. 

Cales, a town of Campania in 
Italy , famous for excellent wine , i. 69 . 

Calliope, the chief of the Nine 
Muses, the mother of Orpheus, 
and said to be the inventress of 
heroic verse, iv. 34. 

Calpe, the mountain of Gibral- 
tar in Spain, xiv. 279. 

Calvina, a notorious courte- 
zan, iii. 133. 

Calvinus, a friend of Juvenal, 
and also a poet of distinguished 
celebrity, xiii. 5. 

Camerinus, an illustrious Ro- 



man, famous for his high descent 
and virtuous demeanour, vii. 90. 
viii. 38. 

Camillus, a celebrated Roman, 
made five times Dictator on ac- 
count of his eminent character, ii. 
154. xvi. 15. 

Campania, a country of Italy, 
of which Capua was the capital, x' 
283. 

Cannje, an obscure village in 
Apulia, made famous by a great 
victory which Hannibal gained over 
the Romans, vii. 163. 

Canopus, a city of iEgypt, vi.84. 
xv. 46. 

Cantabri, an uncivilized peo- 
ple of Spain, who were conquered 
by Augustus. They are now called 
Biscayans, xv. 108. 

Canusium, a city in the king- 
dom of Naples, vi. 149. 

Capena, one of the gates of 
Rome, iii. 11. 

Capito, son-in-law of Tigelli- 
nus, accused of bribery, and con- 
demned, viii. 93. 

Cappadocia, a country of Asia 
Minor, the inhabitants of which 
were much despised by the Ro- 
mans, vii. 15. 

Capre^e, an island on the coast 
of Naples, x. 72. 

Carfinia, a prostitute, ii. 69. 
Carrinas Secundus, a rheto- 
rician, extremely poor, who came 
from Athens to Rome, but was ba- 
nished by Caligula for declaiming 
against tyrants, vii. 205. 

Carpathus, an island in the 
Mediterranean sea, xiv. 278. 

Carpophorus, a famous player, 
vi. 198. 

Carthage, the chief city of 
Africa, and rival of Rome, vi. 170. 
x. 277. 

Carus, a common informer, i. 36. 
iii. 53. 

Cassandra, the daughter of 
Priam and Hecuba, to whom Apol- 
lo imparted the gift of prophecy, 
with the provision that, though true, 
they were never credited, x. 262. 



190 



INDEX. 



Castor, son of Tyndarus king 
of Laconia, and of Leda, daughter 
of Thestius ; he was the twin-bro- 
ther of Pollux : treasures were laid 
up in his temple for safety, xiii. 
152. xiv. 260. 

Catiena, a notorious prostitute, 
iii. 133. 

Catilina, Lucius, a man sprung 
from a noble family of Rome, who 
formed a conspiracy to overturn 
the Roman government, which was 
discovered and frustrated by Cicero, 
when Consul : Juvenal uses it for 
any seditious person, ii. 27. viii. 
231.x. 288. 

Cato Censorinus, renowned 
for his gravity and strict discipline 
when he was Censor, ii. 40. 

Cato Uticensis, the great- 
grandchild of the other, a severe 
moralist, who put a period to his 
own existence at Utica, after Caesar 
had conquered Pompey, xi. 90. 

Catti, Germans, now subject to 
the Landgrave of Hesse, iv. 147. 

Catuli, an illustrious Roman 
family descended from Q. Catulus, 
who destroyed the Carthaginian 
fleet under Hamilcar, ii. 146. 

Catulla, an abandoned prosti- 
tute, ii. 49. x. 322. 

Catullus, a friend of Juvenal, 
who had a narrow escape from 
shipwreck, which forms the subject 
of Sat. xii. 

CATULLUsMESSALiNUS,an atro- 
cious villain, although blind, whose 
information cost many their lives. 
He was raised from the most abject 
beggary to be prime minister to 
the emperor Domitian, iv. 113. 

Catulus, Q. Luctatus, an ora- 
tor of some distinction, who was 
Consul with Marius, by whose or- 
ders he was put to death, viii. 253. 

Catulus, a fellow of debased 
character, iii. 30. 

Cecrops, the first king of 
Athens, who reigned before Deu- 
calion- s flood, vi. 186. viii. 46, 53. 

Cel^eno, one of the Harpies, 
viii. 130. 

Celsus, Cornelius, a celebrated 



grammarian and orator, vi. 144. 
Centronius, a rich man, verv 
extravagant in the erection of fine 
buildings, xiv. 86. 

Cesennia, the wife of a very 
covetous man, who brought him a 
large fortune, vi. 135. 

Cethegus, a conspirator against 
his native country, concerned with 
Catiline, ii. 27. viii. 231. x. 287. 

Ch^srippus, a subject and in- 
habitant of the plundered province, 
viii. 96. 

Chald^ea, a country of Asia, of 
which the great city Babylon was 
the capital, vi. 552. x. 94. 

Charybdis, a dangerous whirl- 
pool in the Straits of Sicily, v. 102. 
Chio, a fashionable courtezan, 
iii. 136. 

Chrysippus, a Stoic philoso- 
pher, scholar to Zeno, and an ex- 
cellent logician, ii. 15. xiii. 184. 

Chrysogonus, a fine musician, 
vi.74. vii. 176. 

Cicero, the Roman orator, vii. 
139, 214. viii. 244. x. 114, 119. 

Cilicia, a country of Asia Mi- 
nor, iv. 121. viii. 94. 

Cimbri, a people of North Ger- 
many, about the Baltic sea, viii. 
249, 251. xv. 124. 

Circe, the daughter of Sol and 
the nymph Perseis, a sorceress well 
skilled in the nature of poisonous 
herbs, iv. 140. xv. 21. 

Circensian and Megalesian 
games, instituted in honour of Cy- 
bele, at which a towel was hung 
out to shew the plays were going 
to begin, iii. 223. x. 81. xi.53. 

Circus, a ring or large area in 
Rome, between mounts Aventine 
and Palatine, walled about, in which 
the people sat, and saw the games 
and other exercises, iii. 65. xi. 195. 
Cirrha, a town of Phocis, near 
Mount Parnassus, where Apollo 
was worshipped, vii. 64. xiii. 79. 

Claudius, the fifth emperor of 
Rome : he married his niece Agrip- 
pina, who poisoned him with mush- 
rooms, which was his favourite 
dish, v. 147. vi. 115. xiv. 330. 



INDEX. 



191 



Cl^lia, a Roman lady, who, 
with other virgins, was given as a 
hostage to Porsenca ; but she de- 
ceiving her keepers swam over the 
river Tiber to the city, upon which 
a statue was set up in remembrance 
of her, viii. 265. 

Cleanthes, a Stoic philoso- 
pher, scholar to Crates, and suc- 
cessor to Zeno. He was so poor, 
that he used at nights to get his 
living by drawing water for the 
gardens, that he might apply him- 
self to the study of philosophy by 
day. He wrote the doctrine of his 
master upon ox-bones and broken 
tiles, for want of money to pur- 
chase paper, ii. 7. 

Cleopatra, queen of -/Egypt, 
sister and wife of the last Ptolemy : 
she was a woman of manly courage, 
and put a period to her life by ap- 
plying an asp to her breast, ii. 109. 
Clio, the daughter of Jupiter 
and Mnemosyne, one of the Nine 
Muses : she was the mistress of 
history, and the patroness of he- 
roic poets, vii.7. 

Clitumnus, a river that divides 
Umbra and Tuscany, the water of 
which renders so fertile the pastures 
adjoining, that the cows grazing 
there had white calves : the Capi- 
toline sacrifices came from thence, 
xii. 13. 

Clodius, a tribune of the peo- 
ple, murdered by Milo, ii. 27. vi. 
344. 

Clotho, one of the three Desti- 
nies who spin the thread of life ; 
she is said to hold the spindle, and 
draw the thread, ix 135. 

Cluvia, a famous Roman cour- 
tezan, ii. 49. 

Cluvienus, a miserable poet 
similar to Codrus, i. 80. 

Clytemnestra, daughter of 
Tyndarus, wife to Agamemnon, and 
mother of Orestes. She lived in 
adultery with ^Egisthus during her 
husband's absence at the siege of 
Troy, and conspired with the adul- 



terer to murder him upon his re- 
turn. She was herself slain by 
Orestes, vi. 655. 

Cocles, a noble Roman, who 
singly opposed the invasion of the 
Tuscans, and kept back Porsenna 
with all his army, when they were 
ready to enter into Rome over the 
wooden bridge, till it was broken 
down behind him, and then he 
threw himself into the Tiber, and 
swam to land, viii. 264. 

Codrus, a wretched poet, who 
wrote a heroic poem, and chose 
for his subject the exploits of The- 
seus, i. 2. iii. 203, 208. 

Colchis, a country of Asia, 
south of the Euxine sea, and fa- 
mous for the expedition of the Ar- 
gonauts, and the birth-place of Me- 
dea, vi. 642. 

Collacia, a vile prostitute, vi. 
306. 

Commagena, a part of Syria, 
and a country famous for fortune- 
tellers, vi. 549. 

Coptus, the metropolitan city 
of ./Egypt, over which the sun at 
noon is almost in his vertical point, 
xv. 28. 

Coranus, a soldier, and son of 
a poor man, xvi. 54. 

Corbulo, a man of huge body 
and strength, who spoke high and 
mighty words, iii. 251. 

Corcyra, an island in the 
Ionian sea, now called Corfu, once 
famous for its wine, xv. 25. 

Corinth, a famous city of 
Greece, viii. 127. 

Cornelia, daughter of Scipio 
Africanus, and mother of Caius 
and Tiberius Gracchus, vi. 166. 

Corsica, an island in the Medi- 
terranean sea, v. 92. 

Corvinus, one of the noble fa- 
mily of the Corvini, but from ex- 
treme indigence obliged to live in 
the neighbourhood of Laurentum, 
i. 108. viii. 7. xii 1,93. 

Corycium, a promontory in 
Crete, xiv. 267. 



192 



INDEX. 



Corytha, a famous mare of an 
excellent breed, produced near Co- 
rythum in Etruria, viii. 62. 

Cosmtjs, a very luxurious and 
effeminate man, who used to bathe 
in ointments, iii. 184. viii. 86. 

Cossus, a poor advocate, vii. 
144. — A noble Roman, who killed 
Volumnius, the king of Veii. The 
surname of Cossus was given to 
the family of the Cornelii, viii. 21. 
— A sycophant and fortune hunter, 
x. 202. 

Cotta, a noble Roman of great 
courtesy and munificence, v. 109. 
vii. 95. 

Cotytto, a strumpet, whose fes- 
tival was celebrated at Athens with 
all lewdness. The Baptas, her 
priests, washed in hot water before 
they entered upon their abominable 
sacrifices, ii. 92. 

Crassi, a noble family of Rome, 
x. 108. 

Cremera, a river of Tuscany, 
where the noble family of the Fa- 
bii were all cut off to a man, ii. 155. 
Crepee-eius Pollio, a noted 
spendthrift, who offering for money 
three times the common interest, 
yet could find no such creditor, ix.6. 
Cressa, a town of Caria, where 
Phaedra the daughter of Minos was 
born, and from which she some- 
times is so called, x. 327. 

Crete, an island in the Medi- 
terranean, famous for its hundred 
cities, xiv. 270. 

CRETicus,Quintus Metellus,was 
so called, for subduiDg Crete, ii. 67, 
78. viii. 38. 

Crispinus, a freedman of Nero, 
born at Canopus. He was a man 
of most vicious habits, and forms 
the subject of some of Juvenal's 
severest strictures, i. 27. iv. 1, 14, 
24, 108. 

Crispus, Vibius, a facetious and 
witty old gentleman, iv. 81. 

Crossus, the last king of Lydia, 
who passed as the richest of man- 
kind, x. 274. xiv. 328. 

Cum^e, a city of Campania, the 



country of the Sibyl Cumsea, who 
came afterwards into Italy, iii. 2, 
321. ix. 57. 

Curii, noble Romans, honoured 
on account of Marcus Curius Den- 
tatus, ii. 3, 153. viii. 4. xi. 78. 

Curtius, an indifferent orator, 
but a mighty boaster, xi. 34. 

Cyane, a seller of wine, viii. 162. 

Cyanes, two rugged islands at 
the entrance of the Euxine sea, xv.20. 

Cybele, the daughter of Heaven 
and Earth, called the mother of the 
Gods. The Corybantes were her 
priests, who worshipped her by the 
sound of drums, tabors, pipes, and 
cymbals, ii. 111. xiv. 263. 

Cyclades, islands in the Archi- 
pelago, of which Seriphus was the 
least and most desert. Here astro- 
logers were sometimes confined ; 
but if their predictions proved true, 
they were recalled, vi. 562. 

Cyclops, a race of one-eyed 
giants, who inhabited the western 
parts of Sicily, and were feigned to 
forge the bolts of Jove, xv. 18. 

Cynici, an austere sect of phi- 
losophers, founded by Antisthenes, 
the Athenian ; so called from their 
<%#eeniabits,xiii.l21,122.xiv.309. 

Cynthia, mistress of the poet 
Proper tius, vi. 7. 

Daedalus, an Athenian artificer, 
the most ingenious in the world. 
He invented sails for ships, iii. 25. 

Damasippus, a Roman noble- 
man of the most degrading habits 
and pursuits, who boasted of his 
descent from the Trojans, viii. 147, 
151, 167, 185. 

Decii, illustrious Romans, who 
devoted their lives as ^Juntary sa- 
crifices to save their country, viii. 
254,258. xiv. 239. 

Delphi, Delphos, a city of Pho- 
cis in Greece, at the foot of mount 
Parnassus, famous for the temple 
of Apollo, vi. 554. 

Demetrius, a Grecian actor, 
ii. 99. 



INDEX. 



193 



Democritus, an eminent phi- 
losopher of Abdera, who always 
laughed, because he believed all 
our actions to be folly : Heraclitus 
of Ephesus always wept, because 
he thought them to be misery, x.34. 
Demosthenes, the son of a 
blacksmith at Athens, and the most 
celebrated orator of Greece, who 
poisoned himself for fear of falling 
into the hands of Antipater, x. 114. 
Deucalion, son of Prometheus, 
king of Thessaly, who married 
Pyrrha, daughter of Epimetheus; 
in whose time the flood happened, 
according to the Poets, i. 81. 
Diomedes, king of ^tolia, and 
' son of Tydeus and Deipyla, an 
eminent Grecian chief in the Tro- 
jan war, i. 53. 

Diphilus, a Grecian sycophant, 
iii. 120. 

Dolabella, a proconsul of Afri- 
ca, who was convicted of bribery 
and corruption at the instance of 
M. Scaurus, viii. 105. 

Domitian, a Roman emperor, 
who debauched many married wo- 
men. He took away Domitia Lon- 
gina from her husband ^Elius La • 
mia, and defiled Julia, daughter to 
his brother Titus, when she was 
wife to another ; yet he enacted a 
law against incest, another against 
the violation of the Vestal Virgins, 
and revived the Scantinian statutes 
against unnatural lust. See Nero. 
Domitius, one of the Roman 
Emperors, and great-grandfather 
of Nero, viii. 228. 

Drusi, a distinguished family of 
plebeian origin, which produced 
eight consuls, two censors, and one 
dictator. The surname of Drusus 
was given to the family of the 
Livii, viii. 21, 40. 

Drusus, a dull drowsy fellow, 
iii. 238. 

Echion, a harper, vi. 76. 
Electra, a daughter of Aga- 
memnon, who incited her brother 
Orestes to revenge his father's 
K 



death by assassinating his mother 
Clytemnestra, viii. 218. 

Elpenor, one of the compa- 
nions of Ulysses, turned into a 
hog by the enchantments of Circe, 
xv. 22. 

Epicurus, an Athenian philo- 
sopher, who lived upon bread, wa- 
ter, and herbs ; and placed the 
chief happiness in the tranquillity 
of the mind, xiii. 122. xiv. 31,9. 

Erimanthus, a Grecian, and a 
great flatterer, iii. 120. 

Erinnys, one of the Furies, 
vii. 68. 

Eriphyla, wife of Amphiaraus, 
who, for a bracelet of gold, disco- 
vered the place where her husband 
lay concealed to avoid going to the 
siege of Troy, where he was sure 
he should die, vi, 654. 

Esquiline, one of the seven 
hills upon which Rome stood, iii. 
71. v.78. xi. 51. 

Euganei, the ancient people of 
Gallia Cisalpina, viii. 15. 

Eumenides, the Furies, xiv. 
285. 

Euphranor, a famous statuary, 
iiL217. 

Euphrates, a large river o 
Mesopotamia, which rises from 
mount Taurus, in Armenia, i. 104. 
viii. 51. 

Europa, daughter of Agenor 
king of Phoenicia, so beautiful that 
Jupiter became enamoured of her, 
and seduced her under the form of 
a white bull, viii. 34. 

Euryalus, a sword player of 
infamous character, vi. 81. 

Evander, a king of Arcadia, 
who, having accidentally killed his 
father, sailed into Italy. By the 
advice of his mother, he beat the 
Aborigines, and possessed himself 
of the place where Rome after- 
wards was built. He entertained 
Hercules, and hospitably received 
JEneas on landing in Italy, xi. 51. 

Fabii, an illustrious Roman fa- 
mily, who derived their pedigree 



SLJ 



194 



INDEX. 






from Hercules, whose altars and 
holy rites were hereditary to them, 
ii. 146. vi. 265. vii. 95, 191. xi.90. 

Fabius Persicus, an abandoned 
and degenerate descendant of Fa- 
bius Maximus, the founder of the 
family, viii. 14. 

Fabrateria, a city of the Vol- 
scians in Italy, iii. 224. 

Fabricius Caius was censor : 
he declared Cornelius Rufinus, a 
senator, unworthy of that dignity, 
because he had in his mansion sil- 
ver vases weighing ten pounds each, 
condemning such a shameful ex- 
ample of extravagance. From him 
the noble family of.Fabritii derived 
their origin, ii. 154. ix.142. xi. 91. 

Fabtjlla, anotoriousbawd,ii.68. 

Falernum Vinum, made of the 
grapes growing upon the Falernian 
mountains in Campania, iv. 138. 
vi. 429, &c. 

Faustus, an obscure tragic poet, 
vii. 12. 

Fiden^e, a city of Italy, vi. 57. 
x. 100. 

Flaminia Via, a road made by 
Caius Flaminius from Rome to 
Ariminum, a town in Italy, near 
the river Rubicon, i. 61, 171. 

Flavtus, the first of the Flavian 
family, which possessed the impe- 
rial dignity ; it began in Vespasian, 
and ended in Domitian, iv. 37. 

Floralia, games celebrated by 
harlots naked, who danced through 
the streets to the sound of a trum- 
pet, in honour of Flora, ii. 49. xiv. 
262. 

Fonteius Capito, one of the 
Consuls in the reign of Nero, 
xiii. 17. 

Fronto, a noble Roman, famous 
for his learning : he used to lend 
his stately porticos to the poets 
of his day to recite their verses. 
These porticos were shaded with 
plane-trees, supported with marble 
pillars, and adorned with statues, 
i. 12. 

Frusino, a small town of Cam- 
pania, iii. 224. 



Fuscinus, an unknown person, 
to whom Juvenal addressed his 
fourteenth Satire, xiv. i. 

Fuscus Cornelius was sent 
general by Domitian against the 
Dacians, where both he and his 
army were destroyed, iv. 112. xii.45. 
xvi. 46. 

Gabii, a town of the Volscians, 
about ten miles from Rome, iii. 
192. vi. 56. vii. 4. x. 100. 

Gades, the ancient name for 
Cadiz, x. 1. xi. 162. 

G^etulia, a country of Libya, 
celebrated for wild beasts. It is 
now called Bildulgerid, v. 53, 59. 
x. 158. xi. 140. xiv^278. 

Galba, a Roman emperor, suc- 
cessor of Nero, in whom ended 
the Julian family ; he was a cruel 
and covetous man, and was killed 
in the seventh month of his reign, 
ii. 104. viii. 5, 222.— Galba was 
also the name of a court fool or 
jester, v. 4. 

Gall a, a name used for any 
man's wife, i. 125, 126. 

Gallia, or Gaul, a large coun- 
try of Europe, divided by the Ro- 
mans into four parts ; viz. Gallia 
Belgica, Narbonensis, Aquitania, 
andCeltica, vii. 148. xv. 111. 

Gallinaria, a wood in Cam- 
pania, near Cumse, iii. 307. 

Gallita, a rich childless old 
man, xii. 99, 113. 

Gallus, the name of several 
Romans : who this was is uncer- 
tain, xvi. 1, 

Ganges, the greatest river of 
India, which it divides into two 
parts, v. 59. ix. 22. 

Ganymede, the son of Tros, 
king of Troy, so beautiful, that Ju- 
piter sent his eagle, to fetch him up 
to heaven, where he made him his 
cup-bearer, ix. 22. 

Gaurus, a mountain in Campa- 
nia, near which is the lake Lucri- 
nus, well stored with fish, especi- 
ally with oysters, viii. 86. ix. 57. 



INDEX. 



19c 



Germanicus, a name assumed 
by many of the Roman emperors, 
but especially by Domitian, vi. 204. 

Get^e, a people of European 
Scythia, v. 50. 

Gillo, a very notorious debau- 
chee, i. 40. 

Glaphyrus, a popular fiddler 
vi. 77. 

Gorgones (Medusa, Stenio, and 
Euryale), were the daughters of 
Phorcas and Cete. They dwelt 
near mount Atlas, in the precincts 
of Mauritania, and were vanquished 
by Minerva, iii. 118. xii. 4. 

Gracchi, two brothers of illus- 
trious descent, who proposed an 
Agrarian law, and to get it passed 
struck at the root of that liberty 
of which they professed themselves 
the champions, ii. 24. vi. 167. 

Gracchus, a depraved noble- 
man, who dishonoured his family 
and his country, ii. 117,143. viii. 
201,210. 

Gradivus, a surname of Mars, 
ii. 128. xiii. 113. 

Gyarj:, a rocky island in the 
iEgean sea, where the Romans 
sent their culprits, x.170. 

H^emus, a Grecian actor, iii. 99. 

Hamillus, an infamous debau- 
chee, who, officiating as a teacher, 
defiled his own pupils, x. 224. 

Hannibal, the famous general 
of the Carthaginian forces, who 
warred against the Romans sixteen 
years, won many battles, and was 
at last defeated in several engage- 
ments, and brought to that despe- 
rate condition, that he put an end 
to his existence by taking a dose of 
poison, which he kept in a ring for 
that purpose, vi. 169, 290. vii. 261. 
x. 147. xii. 108. 

Hector, the son of Priam, king 
of Troy, killed by Achilles, x. 259. 

Hedymeles, a famous player 
on the lute, vi. 382. 

Heliades, the daughters of 
Phoebus and Clymene, who bewail- 
K 2 



ing their brother Phaeton, were 
turned into poplar trees, from tears 
of which amber was obtained, v. 38. 
Heliodorus, a surgeon, vi.372. 
Helvidius, the father-in-law of 
Thraseas. They were both willing 
to lay down their lives to preserve 
Rome from the tyranny of Nero, 
who banished Helvidius, and or- 
dered Thraseas to be bled to death, 
v. 36. 

Hesperides, the daughters of 
Atlas, in whose garden a dragon 
watched the fruits, whence, not- 
withstanding, Hercules stole the 
golden apples, xiv. 114. 

Hiarbas, king of Gaetulia, who 
courted Dido, by whom Carthage 
was built ; but she preferred .'Eneas 
to him, v. 45. 

Hippia, married to a senator, 
but ran away with Sergius a gladia- 
tor, vi. 82, 104, 114. x. 220,322. 
Hippo, a vile pathic, ii. 50. 
Hippolitus, the son of Theseus, 
who refusing the love of his step- 
mother Phaedra, was by her ac- 
cused of tempting her to incest. 
He fled away in a chariot by the 
sea-side ; but the horses being 
frightened by the sea-calves, that 
lay on the shore, overturned it, and 
killed him, x. 325. 

Hippona, the goddess of stables, 
placed in the middle of the stalls, 
and curiously adorned with chap- 
lets of fresh roses, viii. 157. 

Hirpinus, a very famous horse, 

who had won many prizes, viii. 63. 

Hirrus, a public tutor, who 

betrayed his trust with respect to 

his pupils, x. 222. 

Hispania, the ancient name of 
Spain, viii. 116. x. 151. 

Hispulla, a lady who was ex- 
ceedingly fat, vi. 74. xii. 11. 
Hister. See Pacuvius. 
Homer, the first and best of the 
Greek poets, who flourished one 
hundred and sixty years before the 
building of Rome, vi. 436. vii. 38. 
x. 246. xv. 69. 



196 



INDEX. 



Horace, the prince of the Ro- 
man lyric poets, vii. 62, 227. 

Hyacinthus, the son of Amy- 
clas, and beloved by Apollo, by 
whom, after his death, he was 
turned into a purple flower, called 
a Hyacinth, vi. 110. 

Hylas, a boy who attended on 
Hercules, and who was drowned in 
the river Ascanius, when fetching 
a pitcher of water for his master, 
i. 164. 

Hymettus, a mountain of Atti- 
ca, near Athens, famous for its 
bees, xiii. 185. 

Id^ea, a surname of Cybele, be- 
cause she was worshipped on mount 
Ida, iii. 138. xi. 192. xiii. 41. 

Iphigenia, the daughter of 
Agamemnon, who being about to 
be sacrificed to appease Diana, the 
goddess pitied her, put a hart in 
her place, and carried her away to 
be her priestess,, xiu 119* 

Is^eus, an Athenian orator, the 
master of Demosthenes, iii. 74. 

Isis, or Io, a goddess of Egypt, 
married to Osiris. Her temple at 
Rome was a place of resort for 
prostitutes, pimps, and bawds, vi. 
528. ix. 22. xii. 28. xiii. 93. 

Ister, a river of Europe, falling 
into the Euxine sea, viii. 170. xii. 
111. 

Ithacus. See Ulysses. 

Janus, the most ancient of the 
gods. He has two faces, one look- 
ing backward, the other forward, vi. 
385,393. 

Jason, the son of iEson king of 
Thessaly and Polymela, celebrated 
for his expedition to Colchos, to 
fetch the golden fleece, which, 
through the agency of Medea, he 
brought away, vi. 152. 

Julia Lex was made upon the 
account of Claudius and Julius 
Caesar's wife, which punishes adul- 
tery with death, ii. 37. vi. 38. 

Julius Ascanius, son toiEneas, 



who, leaving Lavinium, built Longa 
Alba. The Trojans consulting the 
Oracle about the place of their set- 
tlement, were told, that they should 
build a city where they found a 
white sow with thirty sucking pigs ; 
which they did, and called it Alba, 
from the colour of the sow, xii. 70. 
Juverna, the ancient name of 
Ireland, ii. 160. 

LACERTA,Domitian's coachman, 
vii. 114. 

Lachesis, one of the Fates, sup- 
posed to spin the thread of human 
life, iii. 27. ix. 136. 

Lad as, footman to Alexander 
the Great, whose swiftness was so 
great, that the print of his foot was 
not seen upon the sand. His sta- 
tue was set up in the temple of 
Venus after he had won the foot- 
race in the Olympic games, xiii. 97. 

L^lius, a familiar friend of 
Scipio Africanus, xiv. 195. 

Ljestrygones, a people of Italy, 
who roasted and ate the compa- 
nions of Ulysses,, xv. 18. 

Lagus, the father of Ptolemy r 
vi. 83. 

Lami^e, a noble family of Rome, 
one of whom was murdered by Do- 
mitian, iv. 154. vL384. 

Larga, a noted harlot, xiv.. 25. 

Laronia, a courtesan, ii. 36,65. 

Lateranus Plautus, put to 
death by the command of Nero. 
There was a magnificent palace be- 
longing to the Later an family, x. 16. 

Latinus, a famous mimic, who 
often played the part of an adul- 
terer on the stage, i. 36. vi. 44. 

Latona, daughter of Coeus, by 
Jupiter, born at Delos, and mo- 
ther of Diana and Apollo, vi. 175. 
x. 292. 

Lavinium, a city in Italy, built 
by ^Eneas, so called from his se- 
cond wife Lavinia, xii. 71. 

Laureolus, a slave condemned 
to be crucified for running away 
from his master ; he was personated 



INDEX. 197 



upon the stage by one of the noble 
family of the Lentuli, viii. 187. 

Leda, the daughter of Thestius, 
embraced by Jupiter in the shape 
of a swan. This action was imi- 
tated in a dance by Bathyllus the 
pantomime, whose lascivious pos- 
tures delighted Tuccia, Appula, and 
Thymele, vi. 63. 

Lenas, a flatterer, who ingrati- 
ated himself with the rich, that he 
might induce them to leave him a 
legacy, v. 98. 

Lentultjs, the name of several 
distinguished Romans ; the most 
celebrated of whom was Cornelius 
Lentulus, who joined in Catiline's 
conspiracy, for which he was put 
to death by the senate, vi. 80. vii. 
96. viii. 187. x. 287. 

Lepidus JEmilius, a celebrated 
Roman, founder of that noble fa- 
mily, to whom statues were erected 
for their great exploits and achieve- 
ments, vi. 264. viii. 9. 

Leucas, a promontory of Epi- 
rus, viii. 241. 

Liburnia, apart of Illyria, from 
whence came the chairmen of Rome, 
commonly ealled Liburnians, iii. 
240. iv.75. vi.476. 

Licinus, a very rich Roman, i. 
109. xiv, 306. 

Ltguria, a place upon the Ap- 
ennine mountains, where marble 
was dug out of the quarries, iii. 257. 

Lipara, an island in the Medi- 
terranean, so called from Liparus, 
son of Auson, who succeeded JEo- 
tus, xiii. 45. 

Locusta, an infamous woman, 
skilled in the art of poisoning, and 
retained by Nero, i. 71. 

LONGINUS CASSIUS, put to 

death by Nero on account of his 
riches. His crime was pretended 
to be, that he had in his chamber 
the image of one of Julius Caesar's 
murderers, x. 16. 

Lucan, a learned and rich poet 
of Corduba in Spain, who coming 
to Rome was made a knight : he 



wrote, but did not live to finish, 
the civil wars between Caesar and 
Pompey, in an heroic poem, vii. 
79. viii. 180. 

Lucilius, a Latin poet and emi- 
nent satirist, born at Aurunca, a 
city of the Rutulians in Italy, i. 165. 

Lucretia, a beautiful Roman 
lady, ravished by Sextus Tarquini- 
us, which she so resented, that she 
immediately sent for her father and 
husband, and stabbed herself before 
them, x. 293. 

Lucrine Rocks were in the bay 
of Lucrinum in Campania, iv. 141. 

Lugdunum, a town in Gaul T 
now called Lyons, where Caligula 
instituted games of oratory, i. 44. 

Luperci, priests of Pan, who 
were accustomed, in the month of 
February, to run naked about the 
city, with a thong of a goat -skin in 
their hands ; a stroke of which was 
believed to forward conception : the 
married women, who had no chil- 
dren, were sure to place themselves 
in the way, ii. 142. 

Lycisca, a prostitute whose 
name the empress Messalina was in 
the habit of assuming, vi. 123. 

Lyde went among the women 
with boxes of ointment to promote 
fecundity, ii. 141. 

Machjera, the name of a com 
mon crier, vii. 9. 

Maculonus, a very rich man, 
Vii. 40. 

Maecenas, a noble Roman, the 
favourite of Augustus, and patron 
of learning, i. 66. vii. 94. xii. 39. 

M^eotis, a vast lake in the south 
parts of Scythia, on the confines of 
Europe and Asia, freezing in win- 
ter, and in summer discharging it • 
self into the Exine sea, by the Cim- 
merian Bosphorus, iv. 42. xv. 115. 

Mjevia, a woman who had the 
impudence to fight in the Circus 
with a Tuscan boar, remarkable for 
its fierceness, i. 22. 

Manilia, a strumpet, vi. 242. 



198 



INDEX. 



Marcelli, an illustrious family, 
adding dignity to the Roman name, 
ii. 145. 

Marius Caius, born at Arpi- 
num, of mean parents, and very 
poor ; yet he was seven times con- 
sul of Rome, for his eminent ser- 
vices, and the many victories he ob- 
tained. He experienced all the 
vicissitudes of prosperous and ad- 
verse fortune, viii. 120. x. 278. 

Marius Priscus, pro -consul of 
Africa, was prosecuted by the Afri- 
cans for pillaging the province, and 
was cast ; but the plaintiffs could 
never recover the charges of the 
suit, though the fine was paid into 
the treasury at Rome. He was ba- 
nished, but with the money he had 
reserved, he lived in great riot ; 
and instead of bathing and supping 
at the ninth hour, after the Roman 
custom, he began at the eighth, 
which answered to our two o'clock 
in the afternoon, reckoned the 
highest luxury, i. 49. 

Marsians, a stout people of 
Italy, descended from Marsus, son 
of the witch Circe, iii. 196. 

Marsyas, an audacious musi- 
cian, who challenged Apollo in his 
own art, but was overcome and 
flayed, ix. 2. 

Mass a, a common informer of a 
low rank, i. 35. 

Matho, a pitiful advocate, who 
grew so rich and corpulent by in- 
forming, that he kept his chair or 
sedan, and rilled it himself, i. 32. 
vii. 139. xi. 34. 

Maura, an impudent confidant, 
vi. 306. x. 224. 

Mauritania, the north-western 
part of Africa, and the country of 
the Moors, iii. 379. v. 53. vi. 336. 
xi. 125. xiv. 196, &c. 

Medullina, a vile and auda- 
cious strumpet, vi. 321. 

Megalesia, games dedicated to 
the honour of Cybele, mother of 
the Gods, vi. 69. xi. 191. 

Meleager, son of CEneus king 



of Calydonia. His father sacrificing 
to the gods, made his offering to 
all the deities except Diana ; which 
so incensed her, that she sent a 
wild boar, that destroyed the whole 
country of iEtolia. Meleager, with 
his mistress Atalanta, hunted this 
boar, and slew him, v. 115. 

Memnon, son of Tithonus and 
Aurora. It was pretended that his 
statue at Thebes in JEgypt gave a 
sound at the rising of the sun. 
When Cambyses destroyed the city, 
he caused the statue to be broken, 
xv. 5. 

Memphis, a celebrated town of 
iEgypt, on the western banks of 
the Nile, xv. 122. 

Menalippe, sister to Antiope, 
queen of the Amazons, whom Her- 
cules took in battle, and her sister 
ransomed with her armour and 
belt, which was one of his twelve 
labours. There is a tragedy so 
called, viii. 229. 

Menoeceus, son of Creon king 
of Thebes, who, when the city was 
besieged by the Argives (the oracle 
promising that it should not be 
taken, if the last of the family of 
Cadmus would voluntarily die), 
thought himself concerned, and 
fell upon his sword, xiv. 240. 

Mentor, an excellent engraver 
of plate, viii. 104. 

Mercury's Head. Juvenal al- 
ludes to the statues of Mercury, 
which the Athenians placed by way 
of religion over the gates of their 
houses. The statue was a marble 
head, set upon a shapeless post, 
viii. 53. 

Metellus, Lucius, Pontifex 
Maximus, who, when the temple of 
Vesta was burnt down, rescued 
the Palladium, or the wooden image 
of Pallas brought from Troy ; but 
venturing too boldly into the fire, 
he lost both his eyes, iii. 139. vi. 
264. 

Mamerci, a noble family of 
Rome, descended from Mamercus, 



INDEX. 



199 



who was three times dictator, and 
conquered the Fidentes, though in 
Juvenal's time his family had ig- 
nominious! y degenerated, viii. 192. 

Me roe, a city and island of 
^Ethiopia, vi. 527. xiii. 163. 

Messalina, the empress, wife 
of Claudius Csesar, who so doted 
on Silius, a noble but unfortunate 
Roman, that she made him put 
away his wife, Julia Syllana, and 
married him in her husband's ab- 
sence. The emperor, however, 
commanded him to be put to death. 
She was a woman of such insatiable 
lust, that, changing her attire, she 
went into the public stews, and 
there prostituted herself to all 
comers, vi. 116. x. 333. 

Metellus Creticus, was de- 
scended from the family of that 
Metellus who was called Creticus 
from his conquest of Crete, xv. 109. 

Micips^e, the natives of Nu- 
midia, so called from the name of 
their king, v. 89. 

Miletus, a city of Ionia, vi. 
225. 

Milo, a noble Roman, who mur- 
dered Clodius, and whom Cicero 
faintly and unsuccessfully defended, 
ii. 26. 

Minturn^s, a town of Campa- 
nia, in the fens of which Marius 
concealed himself, x. 276. 

Mithridates, a king of Pon- 
tus, overthrown by Sylla and Lu- 
cullus, and at last routed by Pom- 
pey, and quite defeated. He com- 
posed a draught, called after his 
own name, which was so powerful 
an antidote against poison, that, 
when in prison he attempted to 
put an end to his existence with 
poison, he could not effect his ob- 
ject, vi. 660. xiv. 252. 

Modia, a rich matron, iii. 130. 

Mrasii, natives of Mcesia, a 
country on the shores of the Eux- 
ine, ix. 143. 

Montanus, a privy counsellor 
to Domitian, iv. 107, 131. 



Monychus, one of the Centaurs, 
who, in the fight with the Lapithse, 
plucked up trees by the roots, and 
flung them at the enemy, i. 11. 

Mutius, a poor rogue, who, in 
a cause of defamation against Lu- 
cilius for publishing his knavery, 
could not get money to fee his ad- 
vocate, i. 154. 

Mutius Sc^evola, a noble Ro- 
man, who failing in his attempt on 
the life of Porsenna, to show his 
bravery thrust his hand into the 
flames in the king's presence, viii. 
264. 

Myro, an eminent sculptor, 
viii. 102. 

N^evolus, a monster of vice, 
who forms the subject of the 9th 
Satire. 

Narcissus, afreedman of Clau- 
dius Csesar, and a favourite, so 
much indulged, that he made him 
his prime minister, by whose com- 
mand he killed his wife. He was 
very rich, xiv. 329. 

Natta, an avaricious prsefect, 
viii. 95. 

Nepos, the name of a miller at 
Rome, viii. 67. 

Nero, the name of several Ro- 
man emperors, one of whom was 
named Domitius, adopted by Clau- 
dius Csesar : he was so cruel and 
inhuman, that every tyrant after 
him was called Nero, iv. 38, 137. 
vi. 14. viii. 70, 72, 193, 212. x. 15, 
308. xii. 129. 

Nestor, son of Neleus and 
Chloris, king of Pylas, who lived 
almost three hundred years. He 
reckoned his age upon his fingers, 
every joint standing for twenty 
years, vi. 325. x.246. xii. 128. 

Nile, the greatest river in Africa, 
having seven mouths or streams. It 
overflows from the summer solstice 
till the autumnal equinox, vi. 83. 
x. 149. xiii. 27. xv. 123. 

Niobe, daughter of Tantalus, 
and wife of Amphion, king of 



200 



INDEX. 



Thebes, by whom she had seven 
sons, and as many daughters, of 
which, together with her high birth, 
Niobe grew so proud, as to slight 
the sacrifices which the Theban 
matrons offered to Latona, com- 
paring herself to the goddess, and 
even setting herself above her : 
which Apollo resented by slaying 
all the sons and daughters of Niobe, 
who was thereon struck dumb with 
grief, and remained stupid ; for 
which reason Cicero was of opinion 
the poets feigned her to be turned 
into a stone, vi. 176. 

Niphates, a great river of Arme- 
nia the Less, dreadful to the inha- 
bitants when it overflows its banks, 
vi. 408. 

No vius , alegacy -hunter , xii. 111. 

Numa, the second king of Rome. 
He was the first who instilled 
into the Romans a reverence for 
religion ; and the more strongly to 
recommend his laws, he persuaded 
them, that every night he conversed 
with a goddess or nymph called 
./Egeria, from whom he received his 
whole form of government, iii. 12, 
17, 138. vi. 342. viii. 156. 

Numantini, the illustrious de- 
scendants of Scipio Africanus, viii. 
11. 

Numidia, a country of the in- 
terior of North Africa, iv. 100. 
vii. 182. 

Numitor, a rich and dissolute 
Roman, vii. 74. — Also a pirate of 
Cilicia, viii. 93. 

Nurscia, a goddess, the same 
with Fortune, worshipped at Volsi • 
nium, where Sejanus was born, x. 74. 

Nysa, a surname of Bacchus, so 
called from a city in Arabia, vii. 64. 

Ogulnia, a very poor but am- 
bitious lady, who laid out all her 
patrimony upon pleasures, vi. 351. 

Olynthtjs, a city of Macedonia, 
xii. 47. 

Ombi, a city near the isthmus 
of the Red Sea, belonging in com- 



mon to the Egyptians and Ara- 

ans, xv. 35. 

Orcades, the islands of Ork- 
ney, north from Scotland, ii. 161. 

Orestes, son of Agamemnon 
and Clytemnestra. He shed the 
blood of his mother, and of aEgisthus 
her adulterer, who had murdered 
his father. He likewise killed 
Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles, in 
the temple of Apollo ; who, indig- 
nant at the profanation of his tem- 
ple, hunted Orestes with the Fu- 
ries, and compelled him to ex- 
piate his crime at the temple of 
Diana Taurica. His adventures 
formed the subject of the tragedy 
which bore his name, i. 6. viii. 220. 

Orontes, the largest river of 
Syria : it rises out of Mount Le- 
banon, and washing many cities, 
runs through Antioch into the sea, 
iii. 62. 

Osiris, the son of Jupiter and 
Niobe, who first taught the ^Egyp- 
tians husbandry. His wife was Io 
daughter of Inachus, afterwards 
called Isis. He was murdered by 
his brother Typhon. His wife, 
after long search, found his body, 
and buried it in the island of Aba- 
tos ; at which time a very large ox 
being seen, it was believed that the 
soul of Osiris had departed into it ; 
and thus the ox was worshipped 
under the name of Apis, or Serapis. 
They had an annual custom of 
going to seek him, and having 
found him, returned with shouts 
of joy, vi. 540. 

Otho, a Roman emperor, who 
succeeded to Galba. He was a 
very effeminate prince, and painted 
his face before the battle at Bedri- 
acum, where he was conquered. 
He was accused of having an un- 
natural commerce with Nero. He 
at last finished his days by his own 
hand, ii.99. iii. 159. vi. 558. xiv. 324. 

Paccius, a rich childless old 
man, xii. 99. 



INDEX. 



201 



Pactolus, a small river of Ly- 
dia, in Asia Minor, having golden 
sands, xiv. 299. 

Pacuvius, Hister, a notorious 
legacy hunter, ii. 58. xii. 112, 125, 128. 

Palemon, an excellent gram- 
marian, and tutor of Quintilian, 
born at Vincentia ; so proud of his 
acquirements, that he often said 
that learning was born and would 
die with him, vi. 451. vii. 215, 219. 

Palfurius Sura, a writer and 
fiscal judge under Domitian, iv. 53. 

Pallas, a freedman of Clau- 
dius Csesar, immensely rich, i. 109. 

Pansa, a consul of Rome, viii.95. 

Parc^e, the three Fates, Clotho, 
Lachesis, and Atropos, who are 
represented as spinning and cut- 
ting the threads of human life, 
xii. 64. 

Paris, the son of Priam, king of 
Troy, who stole away Helen the 
wife of Menelaus, which led to the 
siege of Troy, x. 264. 

, a handsome young actor, 

a favourite of the emperor Domi- 
tian, and also beloved by his em- 
press, vi. 87. vii. 87. 

Parrhasius, a famous painter, 
who contended with Zeuxis, and 
gained the prize, viii. 102. 

Parthenius, a celebrated arti- 
ficer, xii. 44. 

Paulus, a rich advocate, vii. 143. 

Paulus tEmilius, a Roman 
consul, celebrated for his great vir- 
tues and moderation. He conquered 
Perseus, king of Macedonia, ii.146. 
viii. 21. 

Pedo, a lawyer, patronized by 
Domitian, vii. 129. 

Pegasus, a lawyer of great learn- 
ing, who was a prsefect under Ves- 
pasian ; but under Domitian a mere 
bailiff, iv. 77. 

Peleus, king of Thessaly, and 
father of Achilles, x. 256. 

Pella, a city of Macedon, 
where Alexander was born, x. 168. 
xiv. 214. 

Pelopeia and Philomela, the 
names of two tragedies, vii. 92. 



Penelope, the wife of Ulysses, 
famous for spinning and weaving, 
ii. 56. 

Peribomius, supposed to be the 
high priest of Cybele, chief of a 
band of ruffians, so notorious for 
drunkenness and debauchery, that 
it was not lawful for a free-born 
Roman to be one of the party, 
ii. 16. 

Persicus, a friend of Juvenal's, 
iii. 221. xi. 57. 

Petosiris, a famous ^Egyptian 
philosopher, vi. 580. 

Phveacians, a people of the 
island of Corcyra, xv. 23. 

Phalaris, king of Agrigentum, 
the most cruel of all the Sicilian 
tyrants ; he had a brazen bull, in 
which he roasted offenders, viii. 81. 

Phi ale, a notorious harlot, x. 
238. 

Philippus, king of Macedon, 
father of Alexander the Great, xiii. 
125. 

Phidias, a famous painter and 
statuary, viii. 103. 

Pholus, a drunken Centaur. 
When he treated Hercules, he 
brought out a tun of wine, which 
he had buried in the sand ; and 
being pierced) it cast a perfume 
upon the air, which his brother 
Centaurs presently smelt, and would 
have stormed the place, had it not 
been defended by Hercules, who 
killed many of them, and obliged 
the rest to retreat, xii. 45. 

Picus, the son of Saturn, and 
the first king of the Aborigines, 
viii. 131. 

Pierides, a name of the Muses, 
iv. 36. vii. 8, 60. 

Pittacus, a philosopher of Mi- 
tylene, and one of the seven wise 
men of Greece, ii. 6. 

Pollinea and Procula, wo- 
men of dissolute characters, ii. 68. 

Pollio, a famous harper, who 
disputed for the oaken crown, 
which was a prize given to victors 
in the sports instituted by Domi- 
tian, and celebrated every fifth 



202 



INDEX. 



year in honour of Jupiter Capito- 
linus, vi. 386. — The name of a 
rhetorician, vii. 176. — An usurer, 
ix. 7. —A dissipated nobleman, xi. 43. 

Polycletus, a famous statuary, 
iii. 217. viii. 103. 

Polyphemus, the son of Nep- 
tune, and a Cyclops, famous for one 
eye in the middle of his forehead, 
ix. 64. xiv. 20. 

Polyxena, daughter of king 
Priam, married to Achilles, x. 262. 

Pompey, the Great, being routed 
at the battle of Pharsalia, fled into 
iEgypt, where he was slain. This 
was the name of several Romans, 
iv. 110. x. 108, 283. 

Pontia, an adultress, who mur- 
dered her own children, vi. 637. 

Pontic Serpent, a dragon that 
watched the garden of the Hespe- 
rides, from whence Hercules, not- 
withstanding, stole the golden ap- 
ples, and Jason the golden fleece, 
xiv. 114. 

Ponticus, one who boasted of 
pedigree, viii. 1, 179. 

Pontifex Maximus, the em- 
perors were generally the chief pon- 
tiffs, iv. 46. 

Pontus, a country of Asia 
Minor, bordering on the Euxine 
sea, iv. 43. x. 273. 

Popple a, the wife of Nero : she 
invented a sort of pomatum to pre- 
serve her beauty ; and when she 
was banished from Rome, she had 
fifty she-asses along with her, for 
their milk to bathe in, vi. 461. 

Posides, an eunuch, afreedman 
of Claudius Caesar, who built the 
Posidonian bath at Baise, xiv. 91. 

Posthumus, Ursidius, a friend 
of Juvenal's, to whom his sixth 
Satire is addressed, vi. 21, 28, 
376. 

Pr^eneste, a city of Italy, about 
twenty miles from Rome eastward, 
iii. 190. xiv. 88. 

Prtamus, son of Laomedon, 
and father of Paris, Hector, &c. 
He had sixty-two children, thir- 



teen by Hecuba his wife, the rest 
by concubines : he was the last 
king of Troy, x. 258. 

Prochyta, a desert and rugged 
island in the Tyrrhene sea, near 
the cape of Misenum, iii. 5. 

Proculeius, an infamous adul- 
terer : Gillo was another, still more 
notorious. An heir to one Ounce 
had only one -twelfth of the estate ; 
an heir to eleven Ounces carried 
away eleven parts, i. 40. vii. 94. 

Progne, daughter of Pandion 
king of Athens, wife of Tereus 
king of Thrace, who having ra- 
vished her sister Philomela, she, in 
revenge, killed their son Itys, and 
served him up to her husband to 
eat, vi. 643. 

Prometheus, the son of Iape- 
tus, by Clymene. The poets feign 
him to have formed men of clay, 
and put life into them by fire stolen 
from heaven ; at which Jupiter be- 
ing angry, sent Mercury to chain 
him to mount Caucasus, and to set 
a vulture to his liver, which grew 
again, as fast as it was devoured. 
His name is, by a figure, applied to 
any ingenious potter, iv. 133. viii. 
133. xv. 85. 

Protogenes, a Grecian flat- 
terer, and a favourite of Domitian, 
iii. 120. 

Psecas, one of the attendants 
of Diana ; here taken for any lady's 
maid, vi. 490, 493. 

Pylades, the faithful friend of 
Orestes ; here taken for any such, 
xvi. 26. 

Pyren^ei, mountains of Spain, 
dividing it from France, x. 151. 

Pyrrha, daughter of Epime- 
theus, and wife of Deucalion, i. 84. 
xv. 30. 

Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, xiv. 
162. 

Pythagoras, a learned philo- 
sopher of Samos, who travelled as 
far as India through Egypt, in 
search of knowledge, and at last 
set up a school in Italy. He be- 



INDEX. 



203 



lievedinthe transmigration of souls, 
and prohibited the eating of ani- 
mals. He and his scholars ab- 
stained from eating beans for some 
secret reasons, iii. 329. xv. 173. 

Quinttli anus, a celebrated rhe- 
torician, who taught rhetoric at 
Rome in Domitian's time, vi. 75, 
279. vii. 186, 189. 

Quintilla, a strumpet, vii. 75. 

Quirinus, a name given to Ro- 
mulus after his consecration, ii. 
133. iii. 67. viii. 259. 

Quirites, the Sabines properly, 
but, after their union with the 
Romans, commonly used for the 
Roman people, iii, 60, 163. viii. 
47. x. 45, 109. 

Ravola, a well-known de- 
bauchee, ix. 4. 

Remus, the brother of Romulus, 
slain in a civil contest between him 
and his brother, x. 73. 

Rhadamanthus, a lawgiver of 
Crete, famous for his impartial 
justice ; on account of which the 
poets represent him as one of the 
three judges of hell, xiii. 197. 

Rhenus, a river of Germany, 
viii. 170. 

Rhodians, the inhabitants of 
Rhodes, an island in the Mediter- 
ranean Sea, between Cyprus and 
Crete, vi. 295. viii. 113. 

Rhodope, a mountain of Thrace, 
ix. 4. 

Rubellius, a Roman of high 
and noble birth, viii. 39. 

Rubrenus Lappa, an excellent 
poet, nearly equal to the old tra- 
gedians, vii. 72. 

Rubius, an obscure Gaul, of 
dissolute habits, in great favour 
with Domitian, iv. 105. 

Rufus, an eminent grammarian, 
who charged Cicero with writing 
Latin like an AUobrogian, or Sa- 
voyard, vii. 213, 214. 

Rutila, a deformed old woman, 
x. 294, 295. 



Rutilus, a spendthrift and dis- 
grace to his ancestors : he studied 
the rudiments of fencing, to qualify 
himself to be public gladiator for 
money, xi. 2, 5, 21. vii. 68. 

Rutuli, an ancient people of 
Italy, i. 162. vi. 86. vii. 636. xii. 
105. 

Rutupixum, a town on the 
English coast, now called Richbo- 
rough, iv. 141. 

Sabelli, a people of Italy, iii. 
169. 

Sabini, a people of Italy, iii. 
85. vi. 163. x. 299. 

Saguntum, a city of Spain, 
famous for holding out against 
Hannibal. They made coarse earth- 
en vessels there, v. 29. xv. 114. 

Sal amis, anciently a city, now 
a village of Cyprus, x. 179. 

Saleius, a man fertile in genius, 
but indigent in circumstances, vii. 
80. 

Salii, priests of Mars, insti- 
tuted by Numa, who carried the 
sacred Ancilia in procession, caper- 
ing, dancing, and singing rustic 
songs, vi. 603. 

Samos, an island in the vEgean 
Sea, where Juno was worshipped, 
iii. 70. 

Samothracia, an island in the 
iEgean sea ; the gods of the inha- 
bitants were Jupiter, Juno, Mi- 
nerva, and Yesta, iii 144. 

Santones, a people of Aqui- 
tania, in Gaul, viii. 145. 

Sardanapalus, the last king 
of Assyria, a prince so extremely 
effeminate, that his own captains 
conspired against him. Being over- 
come he made a funeral pile, set it 
on fire, and burnt himself and his 
most precious moveables in it, x. 
362. 

S arm ati a, a large country, part 
in Europe, part in Asia, iii. 79. 

Sarmentus, a Roman knight, 
and famous buffoon, who insinuated 
himself into the favour of Augustus 



204 



INDEX. 



Caesar, and was frequently a guest 
at his table, where he endured all 
manner of insults, v. 3. 

Saufeia, a lewd woman, vi. 
319. ix. 117. 

SAUROMATiE, the inhabitants of 
Sarmatia, ii. 1. xv. 125. 

Scantinia Lex, a law enacted 
against unnatural desire, ii. 44. 

Scauri, a noble family des- 
cended from M. ^Erailius Scaurus, 
distinguished for his successes in 
Spain, Liguria, &c. ii. 35. ix. 25. 
xi. 91. 

Scipiad^e, so called from Scipio, 
the surname of a noble Roman 
family. There were three very 
considerable men of this name, 
Scipio Africanus, who conquered 
Hannibal ; Scipio iEmilius, who 
razed Numantia and Carthage ; and 
Scipio Nesica, judged by both the 
senate and people the best man in 
Rome, ii. 154. 

Scylla, the daughter of Phor- 
cus, metamorphosed into a danger- 
ous rock between Sicily and Italy, 
xv. 19. 

ScYTHiA, the country of the 
Crim Tartars, xi. 139. 

Sejanus, a Tuscan, born at 
Volsinium ; where the goddess 
Nurscia, the same as Fortune, was 
worshipped. He was a great fa- 
vourite of Tiberius, and by him 
raised to the highest pitch of ho- 
nour ; but conspiring against his 
master, he was condemned, dragged 
through the streets, and thrown 
into the Tiber, x. 63, 66, 76, 89, 
90, 140. 

Seius, here taken for any good 
man, iv. 13. 

Seleucus, a noble musician, 
who, according to the fashion of 
the times, used a rich embroidered 
garment, for the delight of the 
spectators, to walk and sing upon 
the stage, x. 211. 

Semiramis, the wife of Ninus 
king of Assyria, who, after the 
death of her husband, personated 



her son, putting on man's apparel, 
in which disguise she performed 
great exploits. At last, falling 
from noble to sensual desire, she 
was killed by her own son, ii. 108. 

Seneca, a noble Roman of great 
munificence, v. 109. viii. 212. x. 
16. 

Senones, the inhabitants of 
Campagne in France, and the ad- 
jacent region, viii. 234. 

Seres, a nation of Asia, east of 
the Ganges, vi. 402. 

Sergius, a gladiator, who ran 
away with Hippia, the wife of 
Veiento, a senator, vi. 105, 112. 

Seriphus, one of the Cyclades 
in the Archipelago * here astrolo- 
gers were sometimes confined : but, 
if in the end their predictions 
proved true, they were recalled, 
vi. 563. x. 170. 

Serranus, a poet of eminence 
in the days of Juvenal, vii. 30. 

Sertorius and Bibula, two 
fictitious names of a husband and 
wife, vi. 141. 

Servilia, the mother of Brutus, 
but here applied to any rich de- 
formed woman, x. 319. 

Setine, from Setia, which gives 
name to the Setine hills, and lies 
near Terrecina in Campania, v. 34. 
x. 27. 

Sextus, a person of rank, but 
of infamous character, ii. 21. 

Sibylla, a woman divinely in- 
spired, who delivered oracular re- 
sponses, iii. 3. viii. 126. 

Sicambri, the inhabitants of 
Guelderland, iv. 147. 

Sicyon, a city of Peloponnesus, 
iii. 69. 

Signia, a town in Italy famed 
for wines and fruits, xi. 73. 

Silanus, son-in-law to the em- 
peror Claudius, viii. 27. 

Silvanus, the god of the woods 
and groves, v. 446, 

Siren, a poetical monster, partly 
virgin, partly fowl, xiv. 19. 

Socrates, the son of a stone- 



INDEX. 



205 



cutter and a midwife. He was a 
famous philosopher, and, in the 
judgment of the oracle of Apollo, 
the wisest man living in his time, 
ii. 10. xiv. 320. 

Solon, one of the wise men of 
Greece, the lawgiver of the Athe- 
nians, x. 274. 

Solyma, the city of Jerusalem, 
vi. 543. 

Sophocles, a tragic poet, dig- 
nified with the epithet of divine, vi. 
635. 

Sora, a town of Latium in Italy, 
iii. 223. 

So stratus, a Greek poet, who 
wrote an account of the Persian ex- 
pedition into Greece, x. 178. 

Sparta, an ancient city of Pe- 
loponnesus in Greece, viii. 101, 
218. xiii. 199. 

Statius, a Neapolitan: he wrote 
a tragedy called Agave, which was 
purchased by Paris the celebrated 
actor, vii. 83. 

Stentor, a Greek said to have 
as loud a voice as that of fifty men 
put together, xiii. 112. 

Sthenob^ea, the wife of Prsetus 
king of the Argives, who fell in 
love with Bellerophon, x. 327. 

Stoici, philosophers, so called 
from a Portico in Athens, finely 
embellished, where they assembled 
to dispute, ii. 65. iii. 116. xiii. 121. 
xv. 109- 

Stratocles, a Greek actor, iii. 
99. 

Suburra, one of the principal 
streets in Rome, where all the dis- 
solute Romans and fashionable 
courtesans resorted, iii. 5. v. 106. 
x. 156. xi. 51, 141. 

Sulmo, a city of the Peligni in 
Italy, vi. 186. 

Sybaris, a city of Calabria, 
whose inhabitants were so addicted 
to pleasure and effeminacy, that 
their luxury became proverbial, vi. 
295. 

Syene, a town of Thebais, on the 
extremity of Egypt, where Juvenal 



was banished. It was celebrated 
for its marble quarries, xi, 124. 

Sylla, a noble Roman, who, 
after many remarkable victories 
abroad, returned to Rome, and 
got the government into his hands, 
which he administered with the 
greatest cruelty. At last he died, 
after he had put to death 100,000 
men, 2000 gentlemen, 90 senators, 
and 15 consuls, i. 16. 

Syphax, king of Numidia, vi. 
169. 

Syria, a country of Asia Minor, 
vii. 169. 

Syrophqsnix, a native of the 
maritime coast of Syria, viii. 159, 
160. 

Tabraca, a city in Africa Pro- 
pria, now called Tunis, on the 
Mediterranean, near which was a 
wood containing a great number of 
apes, x. 194. 

Tagus, a river of Portugal, once 
famous for its golden sands, iii. 15. 
xiv. 299. 

Tanaquil, wife of Tarquinius 
Priscus, a woman skilled in divina- 
tion ; but here taken for any wife, 
vi. 565. 

Tarentum, a city of Calabria, 
notorious for the wickedness and 
debaucherv of its inhabitants, vi. 
296. 

Tarpeius, of or belonging to 
mount Tarpeius, or Capitolinus, 
vi. 47. xii. 6. xiii. 78. 

Tatius, Titus, king of the 
Cures among the Sabines, who af- 
terwards shared the government of 
Rome with Romulus. Under his 
reign agriculture was much en- 
couraged, xiv. 160. 

Tauricus, of mount Taurus in 
Asia, xv. 116. 

Taurominitanus, of or belong- 
ing to Taurominium in Sicily, v. 
92. 

Telamon, son of ^Eacus, father 
of Teucer and Ajax, and one of the 
Argonauts, xiv. 214. 



206 



INDEX. 



Telephus, king of Mysia, an 
illegitimate son of Auge, daughter 
of Alseus, whose adventures formed 
the subject of the tragedy bearing 
his name, i. 5. 

Telesinus, a poor poet, vii. 25. 

Tentyra, a city of Egypt, near 
to Ombi or Ombos, xv. 35, 76. 

Tereus Fausti, a tragedy em- 
bodying the adventures of Tereus, 
king of Thrace, vii. 12. 

Terpsichore, one of the nine 
Muses, vii. 35. 

Thais, a courtezan, iii. 93. 

Thales, a Milesian, one of the 
seven wise men of Greece, famous 
for ethics and astronomy, xiii. 184. 

Thebais, a poem of Statius on 
the Theban war, vii. 83. 

Thebes, a city in Boeotia, which 
had seven gates, as the Nile had 
seven mouths, vii. 12. xiii. 27. xiv. 
240. xv. 6. 

Themison, a physician, x. 221. 

Theodorus, a Gadarean by 
birth, and renowned for his skill in 
rhetoric, vii. 177. xi. 4. 

Thersites, an impudent and 
cowardly fellow at the siege of 
Troy, viii. 269, 271.xi. 31. 

Theseis, an heroic poem so 
called, written by Codrus, embody- 
ing the exploits of Theseus, i. 2. 

Thessalia, a country of Greece, 
vi. 609. viii. 242. 

Thracia, a country in the far- 
thest eastern part of Europe, iii. 
79. v. 402. xiii. 167. 

Thraseas P^etus, son-in-law 
to Helvidius Priscus, who both 
willingly would have shed their 
blood to preserve Rome from the 
tyranny of Nero. Thraseas bled to 
death by his command, and Helvi- 
dius was banished, v. 36. 

Thrasyllus, a Platonist, and 
a great mathematician, once in high 
esteem with Tiberius Caesar, but 
was afterwards by his command 
thrown into the sea at Rhodes, vi. 
575. 

Thrasymachus, a rhetorician 



of Athens, born at Carthage, vii. 
204. 

Thule, Shetland, one of the 
islands of the Orcades, xv. 112. 

Thyestes, son of Pelops and 
brother of Atreus, with whose 
wife he committed adultery, to 
revenge which Atreus killed the 
child born of her, and served him 
up to his brother at his own table. 
Also a tragedy of that name, viii. 
228. 

Thymele, the wife of a very 
jealous man called Latinus, i. 36. 
viii. 197. 

Tiber, a river of Italy, divid- 
ing Tuscany from Latium, on whose 
banks the city of Rome was built. 
After washing the walls of Rome, 
it runs into the Tyrrhene sea, iii. 
62. vi. 522. vii. 121. xiv. 202. 

Tibur, a city of Latium, about 
sixteen miles distant from Rome, 
now called Tivoli, situated on the 
river Anio Tiburtes, iii. 192. xi.65. 
xiv. 87. 

Tigellinus, a creature of Ne- 
ro's, a counterpart of that wicked 
and profligate tyrant, i. 155. 

Tire si as, a blind soothsayer of 
Thebes, who by chance was of both 
sexes. Jupiter and Juno having 
had an argument, whether the male 
or female were most ardent in love, 
submitted the judgment to Tiresias, 
as he had experience of both. Ti- 
resias declared on the side of the 
female, for which judgment Juno 
struck him blind. Jupiter, in re- 
compence for his blindness, gave 
him the gift of prophecy, xiii. 249. 
Tirynthius, of or belonging to 
the city of Tiryns, a town of Argo- 
lis, in the Peloponnesus, xi. 61. 

Tlsiphone, one of the Furies, 
whose head had snakes hanging 
down instead of hairs, vi. 29. 

Titan, the son of Coelus and 
Vesta, the elder brother of Saturn, 
viii. 132. xiv. 35. 

Titius, a man of virtuous cha- 
racter, iv. 13. 



INDEX. 



20/ 



Tongillus, a lawyer, vii. 130. 

Tralles, a city of Asia Minor, 
iii. 70. 

Trebius, Juvenal's friend, whom 
he dissuades from living the life of 
a parasite, v. 135. 

Trifolinus, a mountain of Cam- 
pania Felix, in Italy, ix. 56. 

Troja, Troy, a city of Phrygia, 
near Mount Ida, three miles from 
the sea. It was, after a ten years' 
war, vanquished and razed by the 
Greeks, 432 years before the build- 
ing of Rome, x. 258. 

Trypherus, a man eminent for 
his skill in carving, which he taught 
publicly, xi. 137. 

Tuccia, a rustic female, vi. 64. 

Tullia, a strumpet, vi. 306. 

Tullius, Servius, the sixth 
king of Rome, vii. 199. 

Tullus Hostilius, a Roman 
king, v. 57. 

Turnus, a king of the Rutuli- 
ans, slain by iEneas, xii. 105. xv.65. 

Tuscus, of or belonging to Etru- 
ria, the country lying west of the 
Tiber, i. 22. vi. 185, 280. vii. 180. 
x. 74. xiii. 62. 

Tydides, Diomedes, son of Ty- 
deus, xv. 66. 

TYNDARis,Clytemnestra, daugh- 
ter of Tyndarus, and wife of Aga- 
memnon, who, living in adultery 
with iEgisthus during her hus- 
band's absence at the siege of Troy, 
conspired against him to have him 
murdered on his return, vi. 656. 

Tyrus, Tyre, a city and island 
of Numantia in Asia Minor. Hence 
Tyrius, Tyrian, i. 27. vi. 245. vii. 
134. x.334. xii. 107. 

Tyrrhenus, Tuscan, v. 96. vi. 
92. xii. 76. 

Ucalegon, a nobleman of Troy, 
but used by Juvenal for any neigh- 
bour, iii. 199. 

Ulubr^e, a small town of Cam- 
pania in Italy, x. 102. 

Ulysses, surnamed Ithacus, the 
son of Laertes and Anticlea, gover- 



nor of Ithaca and Dulichium ; he 
was the most eloquent and subtle 
commander of all the Greeks who 
went to the siege of Troy, ix. 65. 
x.257. xi.31. xiv. 287. xv. 14,26. 

Umbritius, a celebrated diviner, 
iii. 21 . 

Urbicus, a notorious buffoon, 
vi. 71. 

Ursidius, a notorious adulterer, 
vi.38,42. 

Vagellius, an obscene lawyer 
of Mutina, xiii. 119. xvi. 23. 

Varillus, a wicked and indi- 
gent man, who acknowledged no 
difference between himself and Sex- 
tus, who was a person very vicious, 
but very rich, ii. 22. 

Vascones, a people of the 
north of Spain, xv. 93. 

Vaticanus, one of the seven 
hills on which Rome is built, situ- 
ated near the Tiber, and famous 
for its wines, vi. 343. 

Vectius, a professor of rhe- 
toric, vii. 150. 

Veiento, a rich patrician, and a 
very proud man, whose wife eloped 
with Sergius the gladiator, iii. 185. 
iv. 113,123. vi. 113. 

Venafrum, a city of Campania, 
in Italy, famous for its oil, v. 86. 

Ventidius Bassus, the son of 
a bond-woman of Ascalon. In the 
first career of his life he was a wag- 
gon-driver; he afterwards became 
a muleteer ; and in one year after 
he was created Praetor and Consul, 
vii. 1 99. xi. 22. 

Venusium, a city of Apulia, the 
birth-place of Horace, i. ol.vi. 166. 

Verres, Praetor of Sicily, which 
he plundered and robbed ; but, on 
the accusation of Cicero, he was 
condemned and banished from 
Rome, ii. 26. iii. 53. viii. 106. 

Virgilius Maro, the prince of 
Latin poets, born at Mantua, vi. 
434, 435. vii. 69, 227. xi. 178. 

Virginius, one of the generals 
of Nero in Germany. He defeated 



208 



INDEX. 



Vindex, a governor of Gaul, who 
had rebelled against the emperor. 
Though he afterwards supported 
the interest of Galba with great 
success, he was treated by him with 
neglect, viii. 221. 

Virginia, a daughter of the cen- 
turion, L. Virginius. On account 
of her beauty, Appius Claudius, 
the Decemvir, became enamoured 
of her, and endeavoured to possess 
her by violence ; to prevent which 
her father stabbed her to the heart. 
A tumult ensued among the soldiery; 
when Appius was committed to pri- 
son, and the decemviral power abo- 
lished, x. 294. 

Virro, a name assumed for any 



rich and haughty patron, Sat.v. pas 
sim. ix. 35. 

Vols ci ,^ a people of Latium, 
lying west of Campania, who were 
finally subdued by the Latins, viii. 
182, 191. 

Volsinium, a city of Tuscany, 
Hi. 191. 

Volusius, a poet of Padua, who 
wrote the annals of Rome in verse, 
xv. 1. 

Zelates, a young man sent to 
Rome from Artaxata, the Arme- 
nian capital, debauched by the Tri- 
bune who had the guardianship of 
him, ii. 164. 

Zeno, a citizen of Cittus, in Cy- 
prus, founder of the sect of the 
Stoic philosophers, xv. 107. 






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